Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact on health-related fitness resulting from COVID-19 lockdowns on male high school students in Melbourne, Australia. Method: A total of 146 students completed fitness testing in February and retesting in November following 7 months of remote learning. Fitness tests conducted were 20-m shuttle run (Beep Test), flexed arm hang, body mass index, push-ups, sit-ups, and sit and reach. Results: The mean fitness levels of this cohort decreased across the health-related fitness components. Decreases were varying in magnitude, body composition (d = 0.3), flexibility (d = 0.56), muscular strength (d = 0.64), muscular endurance (d = 0.39 and d = 0.26), and cardiovascular endurance (d = 0.96). Discussion: The impact on students’ fitness levels was noteworthy, and the long-term impacts of this decrease are yet to be seen. This research brings focus to what can be done to maintain adolescent fitness when their usual exercise opportunities are not available.
{"title":"The Impact of Pandemic Lockdowns and Remote Learning on Student Fitness: An Investigation of Changes to High School Student Fitness Levels","authors":"Ryan Nolan, Matthew D. Zbaracki","doi":"10.1123/jtpe.2021-0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2021-0261","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact on health-related fitness resulting from COVID-19 lockdowns on male high school students in Melbourne, Australia. Method: A total of 146 students completed fitness testing in February and retesting in November following 7 months of remote learning. Fitness tests conducted were 20-m shuttle run (Beep Test), flexed arm hang, body mass index, push-ups, sit-ups, and sit and reach. Results: The mean fitness levels of this cohort decreased across the health-related fitness components. Decreases were varying in magnitude, body composition (d = 0.3), flexibility (d = 0.56), muscular strength (d = 0.64), muscular endurance (d = 0.39 and d = 0.26), and cardiovascular endurance (d = 0.96). Discussion: The impact on students’ fitness levels was noteworthy, and the long-term impacts of this decrease are yet to be seen. This research brings focus to what can be done to maintain adolescent fitness when their usual exercise opportunities are not available.","PeriodicalId":50025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Teaching in Physical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64037582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Burns, Yang Bai, L. Podlog, T. Brusseau, G. Welk
Purpose: This study examined the associations between physical activity enjoyment and physical education enjoyment with segmented physical activity in children. Method: Using student-level data from the School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health project (N = 1,986), the Youth Activity Profile (YAP) assessed physical activity before school, during physical education, recess, after school, and evening. Segmented YAP scores were regressed onto two enjoyment variables using a seemingly unrelated regression system. Results: Physical activity enjoyment and physical education enjoyment significantly associated with YAP scores during all segments, but physical education enjoyment showed stronger associations during physical education. Older students had higher physical activity before school and in the evening, and physical education enjoyment was more influential for females before school. Conclusion: This study supports tenets of the trans-contextual model of motivation. Improving both physical activity and physical education enjoyment may yield improvements in physical activity behaviors during physical education and all other day segments.
{"title":"Associations of Physical Activity Enjoyment and Physical Education Enjoyment With Segmented Daily Physical Activity in Children: Exploring Tenets of the Trans-Contextual Model of Motivation","authors":"R. Burns, Yang Bai, L. Podlog, T. Brusseau, G. Welk","doi":"10.1123/jtpe.2021-0263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2021-0263","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study examined the associations between physical activity enjoyment and physical education enjoyment with segmented physical activity in children. Method: Using student-level data from the School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health project (N = 1,986), the Youth Activity Profile (YAP) assessed physical activity before school, during physical education, recess, after school, and evening. Segmented YAP scores were regressed onto two enjoyment variables using a seemingly unrelated regression system. Results: Physical activity enjoyment and physical education enjoyment significantly associated with YAP scores during all segments, but physical education enjoyment showed stronger associations during physical education. Older students had higher physical activity before school and in the evening, and physical education enjoyment was more influential for females before school. Conclusion: This study supports tenets of the trans-contextual model of motivation. Improving both physical activity and physical education enjoyment may yield improvements in physical activity behaviors during physical education and all other day segments.","PeriodicalId":50025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Teaching in Physical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64037858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin Yan, Brad Jones, Jordan J. Smith, P. Morgan, N. Eather
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of game-based approaches on game performance, fundamental movement skills, health-related indicators, and physical activity outcomes among children (5–12 years) when delivered in the primary physical education school setting. Method: A systematic search of six electronic databases without date limitation was conducted on June 11, 2021. Results: Among included studies (N = 17), positive outcomes were found for children’s game performance, fundamental movement skills, physical and mental health, and/or physical activity. Game-based approaches intervention success appears to be related to the contents of teacher training, especially the inclusion of a theory-based syllabus, mentoring, and reflection sessions. Conclusions: The findings of this review confirm that hybrid sport education-invasion games interventions delivered in primary schools are beneficial for improving a range of student outcomes. To improve physical self-perception, intrinsic motivation, well-being, physiological, and potential psychological outcomes for children, it is necessary to explore more game-based approaches’ longitudinal and intervention research with high quality.
{"title":"A Systematic Review Investigating the Effects of Implementing Game-Based Approaches in School-Based Physical Education Among Primary School Children","authors":"Jin Yan, Brad Jones, Jordan J. Smith, P. Morgan, N. Eather","doi":"10.1123/jtpe.2021-0279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2021-0279","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of game-based approaches on game performance, fundamental movement skills, health-related indicators, and physical activity outcomes among children (5–12 years) when delivered in the primary physical education school setting. Method: A systematic search of six electronic databases without date limitation was conducted on June 11, 2021. Results: Among included studies (N = 17), positive outcomes were found for children’s game performance, fundamental movement skills, physical and mental health, and/or physical activity. Game-based approaches intervention success appears to be related to the contents of teacher training, especially the inclusion of a theory-based syllabus, mentoring, and reflection sessions. Conclusions: The findings of this review confirm that hybrid sport education-invasion games interventions delivered in primary schools are beneficial for improving a range of student outcomes. To improve physical self-perception, intrinsic motivation, well-being, physiological, and potential psychological outcomes for children, it is necessary to explore more game-based approaches’ longitudinal and intervention research with high quality.","PeriodicalId":50025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Teaching in Physical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64038070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The context personalization approach refers to matching educational content with characters, objects, and themes of students’ out-of-school interests. Considering the positive effects of individual interest on the regulation of student-in-context experiences, this study used the context personalization approach to match physical education (PE) lessons with students’ out-of-school interest for video games. The purpose was to explore the effects of a context personalization approach through a gamified PE unit on students’ interests and perceived competence. Method: One hundred and eighty-four students from eight PE classes were allocated to either an experimental group or a control group. All classes experienced a handball unit (six lessons), inspired by the Games-Centered Approach. The only difference between the experimental classes (N = 5) and the control classes (N = 3) was the presence or the absence of a context personalization approach centered on students’ out-of-school interest for video games. The effects were assessed on three outcomes variables: students’ individual interest, situational interest, and perceived competence. Results: The gamified PE unit resulted in positive effects on students’ individual interest, situational interest, and perceived competence in handball, since the experimental classes reported higher scores for all variables compared to the control classes. However, the effects on students’ situational interest were principally moderated by students’ individual interest, indicating that the effect of the context personalization approach was higher for the students having low preintervention individual interest. Discussion/Conclusion: Using a context personalization approach based on a gamified unit is a promising strategy in PE to impact students’ interests and perceived competence.
{"title":"Exploring the Effects of a Context Personalization Approach in Physical Education on Students’ Interests and Perceived Competence","authors":"Cédric Roure, D. Pasco","doi":"10.1123/jtpe.2021-0283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2021-0283","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The context personalization approach refers to matching educational content with characters, objects, and themes of students’ out-of-school interests. Considering the positive effects of individual interest on the regulation of student-in-context experiences, this study used the context personalization approach to match physical education (PE) lessons with students’ out-of-school interest for video games. The purpose was to explore the effects of a context personalization approach through a gamified PE unit on students’ interests and perceived competence. Method: One hundred and eighty-four students from eight PE classes were allocated to either an experimental group or a control group. All classes experienced a handball unit (six lessons), inspired by the Games-Centered Approach. The only difference between the experimental classes (N = 5) and the control classes (N = 3) was the presence or the absence of a context personalization approach centered on students’ out-of-school interest for video games. The effects were assessed on three outcomes variables: students’ individual interest, situational interest, and perceived competence. Results: The gamified PE unit resulted in positive effects on students’ individual interest, situational interest, and perceived competence in handball, since the experimental classes reported higher scores for all variables compared to the control classes. However, the effects on students’ situational interest were principally moderated by students’ individual interest, indicating that the effect of the context personalization approach was higher for the students having low preintervention individual interest. Discussion/Conclusion: Using a context personalization approach based on a gamified unit is a promising strategy in PE to impact students’ interests and perceived competence.","PeriodicalId":50025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Teaching in Physical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64038287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Erratum. Understanding Physical Education Teachers’ Help-Seeking Behaviors in a Facebook Professional Learning Community","authors":"","doi":"10.1123/jtpe.2022-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2022-0081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Teaching in Physical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64038615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To examine beliefs about bullying in physical education (PE) among PE preservice teachers and to examine opinions about training received in this area and the strategies they would use to deal with this phenomenon. Method: We interviewed 44 PE-PSTs (Mage = 23.91; SD = 2.96) from six Spanish universities in semistructured focus groups. The data collected were analyzed using hierarchical content analysis. Results: PE preservice teachers believed that while PE may favor the occurrence of bullying, with proper management, it could also be used to educate students and create a positive climate that could help prevent this behavior. The trainee teachers stated that they had not received any training on bullying at university. Overall, they lacked confidence to deal with this problem, and their proposed strategies lacked depth. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for universities to include bullying in their PE teacher training programs.
{"title":"“We’ve Never Studied Bullying at University:” Bullying-Related Beliefs, Training, and Strategies Among Physical Education Preservice Teachers","authors":"Xènia Ríos, Carles Ventura, Maria Prat","doi":"10.1123/jtpe.2022-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2022-0124","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To examine beliefs about bullying in physical education (PE) among PE preservice teachers and to examine opinions about training received in this area and the strategies they would use to deal with this phenomenon. Method: We interviewed 44 PE-PSTs (Mage = 23.91; SD = 2.96) from six Spanish universities in semistructured focus groups. The data collected were analyzed using hierarchical content analysis. Results: PE preservice teachers believed that while PE may favor the occurrence of bullying, with proper management, it could also be used to educate students and create a positive climate that could help prevent this behavior. The trainee teachers stated that they had not received any training on bullying at university. Overall, they lacked confidence to deal with this problem, and their proposed strategies lacked depth. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for universities to include bullying in their PE teacher training programs.","PeriodicalId":50025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Teaching in Physical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64039238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of adventure education (AE) on children’s physical, psychological, and social development (children’s age range: 0–18 years old). Methods: The review was reported based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA 2015). Articles were retrieved from seven databases (EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and Psychology Database) from 2000 to 2021. Methodological quality was examined according to Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Results: Eighteen studies were screened. AE was found to contribute to the improvement of physical development in nonhealthy children aged 9 to 16 years and nonhealthy children aged 3 to 7 years. All results showed a positive psychological impact of AE except for inconsistent results for self-esteem, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Moreover, AE was found to be an approach that enhanced social development among nonhealthy and healthy children aged 11–17 years and nonhealthy children aged 3–7 years. Conclusion: AE intervention produces physical, psychological, and social benefits in children. Most studies analyzed in this review focused on 9- to 18-year-old unhealthy and healthy children. Only one study involved 3- to 7-year-old unhealthy children. However, most of the studies in this field have weak methodological quality, and thus, the present evidence should be interpreted carefully. Future work with superior methodology in AE intervention would help us establish a greater degree of accuracy in this area of study. Implications: AE intervention with better study design is needed. Research also needs to be conducted to examine the effectiveness of AE on physical, psychological, and social development in healthy younger children.
目的:本系统综述旨在探讨冒险教育(AE)对0-18岁儿童生理、心理和社会发展的影响。方法:根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA 2015)进行综述。文章从2000年至2021年的7个数据库(EMBASE、PubMed、MEDLINE、Web of Science、SPORTDiscus、PsycINFO和Psychology Database)中检索。根据Cochrane随机试验风险工具第2版(RoB 2)检查方法学质量。结果:筛选了18项研究。AE对9 ~ 16岁非健康儿童和3 ~ 7岁非健康儿童的身体发育有促进作用。所有结果均显示AE有积极的心理影响，但在自尊、自我效能和生活质量方面的结果不一致。此外，AE是促进11-17岁非健康和健康儿童以及3-7岁非健康儿童社会发展的一种方法。结论:AE干预对儿童产生了生理、心理和社会效益。本综述中分析的大多数研究集中在9至18岁的不健康和健康儿童身上。只有一项研究涉及3至7岁的不健康儿童。然而，该领域的大多数研究方法质量较弱，因此，应仔细解释目前的证据。未来在声发射干预方面的工作将有助于我们在这一研究领域建立更高程度的准确性。提示:需要更好的研究设计的AE干预。还需要进行研究，以检验AE对健康幼儿的生理、心理和社会发展的有效性。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Adventure Education on Health Outcomes Related to Physical, Psychological, and Social Development in Children: A Systematic Review","authors":"Zhou Peng, P. Lau","doi":"10.1123/jtpe.2022-0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2022-0106","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of adventure education (AE) on children’s physical, psychological, and social development (children’s age range: 0–18 years old). Methods: The review was reported based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA 2015). Articles were retrieved from seven databases (EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and Psychology Database) from 2000 to 2021. Methodological quality was examined according to Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Results: Eighteen studies were screened. AE was found to contribute to the improvement of physical development in nonhealthy children aged 9 to 16 years and nonhealthy children aged 3 to 7 years. All results showed a positive psychological impact of AE except for inconsistent results for self-esteem, self-efficacy, and quality of life. Moreover, AE was found to be an approach that enhanced social development among nonhealthy and healthy children aged 11–17 years and nonhealthy children aged 3–7 years. Conclusion: AE intervention produces physical, psychological, and social benefits in children. Most studies analyzed in this review focused on 9- to 18-year-old unhealthy and healthy children. Only one study involved 3- to 7-year-old unhealthy children. However, most of the studies in this field have weak methodological quality, and thus, the present evidence should be interpreted carefully. Future work with superior methodology in AE intervention would help us establish a greater degree of accuracy in this area of study. Implications: AE intervention with better study design is needed. Research also needs to be conducted to examine the effectiveness of AE on physical, psychological, and social development in healthy younger children.","PeriodicalId":50025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Teaching in Physical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64039291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shannon C. Mulhearn, Hyeonho Yu, H. van der Mars, Janelle M Griffo, P. Kulinna
Purpose: Grounded in the behavioral ecological model, and to address a lack of park space, this study looked at community members’ use of public high school physical activity (PA) facilities during nonschool hours while considering the effects of seasonality. Method: Data included 3,959 observation sweeps across 19 public high school campuses over 1 year (all seasons) in Arizona. Results: Differences in contextual supports were evident between seasons, with facilities being more accessible, usable, and lighted in spring than summer or fall. Accessible facilities were most often outside (68.6% of the time). The highest frequency of sedentary behavior was in summer. Conclusion: The present study expands our understanding about the influence of seasonality as related to community access to PA facilities. During times of extreme temperatures, it may be beneficial to find ways to make indoor PA facilities more accessible to support increased PA levels of community members.
{"title":"Mercury and Motion: The Influence of Seasonality on Off-School Hours High School Facility Use","authors":"Shannon C. Mulhearn, Hyeonho Yu, H. van der Mars, Janelle M Griffo, P. Kulinna","doi":"10.1123/jtpe.2021-0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2021-0203","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Grounded in the behavioral ecological model, and to address a lack of park space, this study looked at community members’ use of public high school physical activity (PA) facilities during nonschool hours while considering the effects of seasonality. Method: Data included 3,959 observation sweeps across 19 public high school campuses over 1 year (all seasons) in Arizona. Results: Differences in contextual supports were evident between seasons, with facilities being more accessible, usable, and lighted in spring than summer or fall. Accessible facilities were most often outside (68.6% of the time). The highest frequency of sedentary behavior was in summer. Conclusion: The present study expands our understanding about the influence of seasonality as related to community access to PA facilities. During times of extreme temperatures, it may be beneficial to find ways to make indoor PA facilities more accessible to support increased PA levels of community members.","PeriodicalId":50025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Teaching in Physical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64037570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johanna E. A. Brocken, J. van der Kamp, René Wormhoudt, Matthieu L. Lenoir, G. Savelsbergh
Purpose: The aim of this study is to measure the concurrent validity of the Athletic Skills Track (AST) by examining whether its outcome score correlates with the holistic judgments of experts about the quality of movement. Method: Video recordings of children performing the AST were shown to physical education teachers who independently gave a holistic rating of the movement quality of each child. Results: Both intra- and interrater reliability of the teachers’ ratings were moderate to good. The holistic judgments on movement quality were significantly correlated with AST time, showing that higher ratings were associated with less time required to complete the track. Next, hierarchical stepwise regression indicated that in addition to the holistic rating, also age, but not gender, explained part of the variance in AST time. Conclusion: The findings show that the AST has good concurrent validity and provides a fast, indirect indication for quality of movement.
{"title":"Measuring the Concurrent Validity of the Athletic Skills Track Using Expert Judgment","authors":"Johanna E. A. Brocken, J. van der Kamp, René Wormhoudt, Matthieu L. Lenoir, G. Savelsbergh","doi":"10.1123/jtpe.2021-0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2021-0209","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study is to measure the concurrent validity of the Athletic Skills Track (AST) by examining whether its outcome score correlates with the holistic judgments of experts about the quality of movement. Method: Video recordings of children performing the AST were shown to physical education teachers who independently gave a holistic rating of the movement quality of each child. Results: Both intra- and interrater reliability of the teachers’ ratings were moderate to good. The holistic judgments on movement quality were significantly correlated with AST time, showing that higher ratings were associated with less time required to complete the track. Next, hierarchical stepwise regression indicated that in addition to the holistic rating, also age, but not gender, explained part of the variance in AST time. Conclusion: The findings show that the AST has good concurrent validity and provides a fast, indirect indication for quality of movement.","PeriodicalId":50025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Teaching in Physical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64037614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purposes: Student athletes from different cultures might differ in the ways that they experience competitive anxiety, and their coaches with dissimilar cultural backgrounds might also present distinct behavioral traits in coaching. The study assessed and compared the competitive anxiety experienced by Chinese student athletes (in a collectivist culture) and American student athletes (in an individualist culture) by using a new competitive anxiety model and examined how their distinct ways of experiencing competitive anxiety might relate to the leading behaviors of Chinese and American coaches. Method: Relevant measures were administered to 258 Chinese student athletes and 214 American student athletes to assess their competitive anxiety and perceived leading behaviors of their coaches. Results: Chinese student athletes scored significantly higher on social expectation anxiety and somatic anxiety in comparison with American student athletes. Chinese student athletes perceived higher levels of training and instruction, and autocratic behaviors of coaches, and American student athletes perceived higher levels of democratic behaviors of coaches. Conclusions: This study revealed the different ways of experiencing certain aspects of competitive anxiety between Chinese and American student athletes, which could be at least partially explained by the distinct leading behaviors of Chinese and American coaches perceived by student athletes in the research.
{"title":"A Cross-Cultural Comparison Study of the Relationships Between Perceived Coaching Behaviors and Student Athletes’ Competitive Anxiety","authors":"Hong-Yu Cheng, Jia-Nan Wang","doi":"10.1123/jtpe.2021-0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2021-0271","url":null,"abstract":"Purposes: Student athletes from different cultures might differ in the ways that they experience competitive anxiety, and their coaches with dissimilar cultural backgrounds might also present distinct behavioral traits in coaching. The study assessed and compared the competitive anxiety experienced by Chinese student athletes (in a collectivist culture) and American student athletes (in an individualist culture) by using a new competitive anxiety model and examined how their distinct ways of experiencing competitive anxiety might relate to the leading behaviors of Chinese and American coaches. Method: Relevant measures were administered to 258 Chinese student athletes and 214 American student athletes to assess their competitive anxiety and perceived leading behaviors of their coaches. Results: Chinese student athletes scored significantly higher on social expectation anxiety and somatic anxiety in comparison with American student athletes. Chinese student athletes perceived higher levels of training and instruction, and autocratic behaviors of coaches, and American student athletes perceived higher levels of democratic behaviors of coaches. Conclusions: This study revealed the different ways of experiencing certain aspects of competitive anxiety between Chinese and American student athletes, which could be at least partially explained by the distinct leading behaviors of Chinese and American coaches perceived by student athletes in the research.","PeriodicalId":50025,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Teaching in Physical Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64037910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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