Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2022.2068386
Silvio Onary, A. S. Hsiou, Michael S. Y. Lee, A. Palci
The extinct fossil snake Boavus occurs in early–middle Eocene localities in the United States. Four species are currently recognized, but until now, no formal phylogenetic analyses have been conducted to test its relationships within snakes. Here, we provide an osteological redescription and systematic revision of the genus, accompanied by phylogenetic analyses using multiple methods. Based on new morphological information obtained through first-hand observation and published descriptions, differences between Boavus occidentalis, B. agilis and B. affinis can be ascribed to normal intracolumnar vertebral variation, making the latter two junior synonyms of the first species. Our phylogenetic analyses retrieved Boavus within crown-Booidea as an early booid but outside of Boidae. A morphological and molecular analysis of booids, with dense taxon sampling including fossil and living forms, results in a new booid phylogeny. Boavus, along with other fossil booids from Europe (Eoconstrictor, Messelophis, Rieppelophis, Rageryx), suggests that crown-Booidea likely diverged earlier than estimated by some molecular studies (∼45.4 Ma).
{"title":"Redescription, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of Boavus Marsh, 1871 (Serpentes: Booidea) from the early–middle Eocene of the USA","authors":"Silvio Onary, A. S. Hsiou, Michael S. Y. Lee, A. Palci","doi":"10.1080/14772019.2022.2068386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2022.2068386","url":null,"abstract":"The extinct fossil snake Boavus occurs in early–middle Eocene localities in the United States. Four species are currently recognized, but until now, no formal phylogenetic analyses have been conducted to test its relationships within snakes. Here, we provide an osteological redescription and systematic revision of the genus, accompanied by phylogenetic analyses using multiple methods. Based on new morphological information obtained through first-hand observation and published descriptions, differences between Boavus occidentalis, B. agilis and B. affinis can be ascribed to normal intracolumnar vertebral variation, making the latter two junior synonyms of the first species. Our phylogenetic analyses retrieved Boavus within crown-Booidea as an early booid but outside of Boidae. A morphological and molecular analysis of booids, with dense taxon sampling including fossil and living forms, results in a new booid phylogeny. Boavus, along with other fossil booids from Europe (Eoconstrictor, Messelophis, Rieppelophis, Rageryx), suggests that crown-Booidea likely diverged earlier than estimated by some molecular studies (∼45.4 Ma).","PeriodicalId":50028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1601 - 1622"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46853913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2022.2054372
Tobias Massonne, Felix J. Augustin, Andreas T. Matzke, E. Weber, M. Böhme
Maomingosuchus acutirostris sp. nov. is a new tomistomine crocodile from the middle–upper Eocene deposits (late Bartonian–Priabonian age, 39–35 Ma) of the Na Duong Basin in northern Vietnam. M. acutirostris can be differentiated from the type species Maomingosuchus petrolicus by having an acute anterior tip of the premaxilla. Both species differ from another Maomingosuchus from Krabi (Thailand) by differences in the surangular–dentary suture and maxillary alveoli. According to our phylogenetic results, M. acutirostris seems to be the sister species to the group M. petrolicus + Krabi-Maomingosuchus. The close relationship between those three tomistomines is supported in the present phylogenetic analysis by three synapomorphies. In our phylogenetic analysis, Maomingosuchus was retrieved in a basal position forming the sister group to Paratomistoma + Gavialosuchus + Melitosaurus + Tomistoma, including the extant Tomistoma schlegelii. This phylogeny indicates three different dispersal events of Tomistominae from Europe towards eastern Asia: 1) for the stem lineage of Maomingosuchus, no later than the late Eocene; 2) for the stem lineage of Penghusuchus pani + Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis, no later than the early–middle Miocene; and (3) for the stem lineage of T. schlegelii, during the Neogene. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19B27C1E-0A3F-4425-AA8C-F904277DF327
{"title":"A new species of Maomingosuchus from the Eocene of the Na Duong Basin (northern Vietnam) sheds new light on the phylogenetic relationship of tomistomine crocodylians and their dispersal from Europe to Asia","authors":"Tobias Massonne, Felix J. Augustin, Andreas T. Matzke, E. Weber, M. Böhme","doi":"10.1080/14772019.2022.2054372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2022.2054372","url":null,"abstract":"Maomingosuchus acutirostris sp. nov. is a new tomistomine crocodile from the middle–upper Eocene deposits (late Bartonian–Priabonian age, 39–35 Ma) of the Na Duong Basin in northern Vietnam. M. acutirostris can be differentiated from the type species Maomingosuchus petrolicus by having an acute anterior tip of the premaxilla. Both species differ from another Maomingosuchus from Krabi (Thailand) by differences in the surangular–dentary suture and maxillary alveoli. According to our phylogenetic results, M. acutirostris seems to be the sister species to the group M. petrolicus + Krabi-Maomingosuchus. The close relationship between those three tomistomines is supported in the present phylogenetic analysis by three synapomorphies. In our phylogenetic analysis, Maomingosuchus was retrieved in a basal position forming the sister group to Paratomistoma + Gavialosuchus + Melitosaurus + Tomistoma, including the extant Tomistoma schlegelii. This phylogeny indicates three different dispersal events of Tomistominae from Europe towards eastern Asia: 1) for the stem lineage of Maomingosuchus, no later than the late Eocene; 2) for the stem lineage of Penghusuchus pani + Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis, no later than the early–middle Miocene; and (3) for the stem lineage of T. schlegelii, during the Neogene. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:19B27C1E-0A3F-4425-AA8C-F904277DF327","PeriodicalId":50028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1551 - 1585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43827936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2022.2067491
Jun-Jie Gu, Ziqiang Xu, Rong Huang, Haijian Wang, Yanli Yue, D. Ren
Prophalangopsidae was a diverse family during the Late Mesozoic, but the variation and sexual dimorphism in their forewing morphologies are rarely discussed. Based on 43 specimens – of both sexes – from eight species, an investigation into wing venation variation among/within species of Prophalangopsidae was performed using geometric morphometrics and morphological comparisons. The results indicate that wing characters are reliable for taxonomy in fossil Prophalangopsidae and that variation in wing shape and venation is common within species. The structures of the forewings are analogous between sexes within species, and it is possible to pair males and females for a fossil species. Due to the potential existence of synonyms arising from the lack of knowledge on wing venation variation within species and sexes, the species richness of fossil prophalangopsids is probably over-estimated. The role of wing venation characters in systematics and phylogenetic analysis needs to be further analysed. In addition, two new species of Prophalangopsidae from the Middle Jurassic are described. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BD2D00D6-9E55-46F9-AEB3-122FBBF99A06
{"title":"Systematic significance of wing morphology in extinct Prophalangopsidae (Insecta, Ensifera) revealed by geometric morphometrics and description of two new species","authors":"Jun-Jie Gu, Ziqiang Xu, Rong Huang, Haijian Wang, Yanli Yue, D. Ren","doi":"10.1080/14772019.2022.2067491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2022.2067491","url":null,"abstract":"Prophalangopsidae was a diverse family during the Late Mesozoic, but the variation and sexual dimorphism in their forewing morphologies are rarely discussed. Based on 43 specimens – of both sexes – from eight species, an investigation into wing venation variation among/within species of Prophalangopsidae was performed using geometric morphometrics and morphological comparisons. The results indicate that wing characters are reliable for taxonomy in fossil Prophalangopsidae and that variation in wing shape and venation is common within species. The structures of the forewings are analogous between sexes within species, and it is possible to pair males and females for a fossil species. Due to the potential existence of synonyms arising from the lack of knowledge on wing venation variation within species and sexes, the species richness of fossil prophalangopsids is probably over-estimated. The role of wing venation characters in systematics and phylogenetic analysis needs to be further analysed. In addition, two new species of Prophalangopsidae from the Middle Jurassic are described. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BD2D00D6-9E55-46F9-AEB3-122FBBF99A06","PeriodicalId":50028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1587 - 1599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45528000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-10DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2021.1978005
J. Lockwood, D. Martill, S. Maidment
A new genus and species of non-hadrosaurid hadrosauriform dinosaur, Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight. The new taxon has two autapomorphies, a nasal having a modest nasal bulla with convex sides, and primary and accessory ridges on the lingual aspect of the maxillary crown. The dentary has at least 28 alveolar positions, which is the highest number recorded in an ornithopod with non-parallel sided alveoli, creating a character combination that is unique within Iguanodontia. The hadrosauriform fauna of the Barremian–Aptian Wealden Group on both the Isle of Wight and mainland England has been represented for almost a century by just two taxa, the robust Iguanodon bernissartensis and the more gracile Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis, with referred material often being fragmentary or based on unassociated elements. This discovery increases the known hadrosauriform diversity in England and, together with recent discoveries in Spain, suggests that their diversity in the upper Wealden of Europe was considerably wider than initially realized. This find also has important implications for the validity of the Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis hypodigm, and a reassessment of existing material is suggested. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:31F0D48F-C1DA-406E-A811-1F5937ED19F4
{"title":"A new hadrosauriform dinosaur from the Wessex Formation, Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous), of the Isle of Wight, southern England","authors":"J. Lockwood, D. Martill, S. Maidment","doi":"10.1080/14772019.2021.1978005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2021.1978005","url":null,"abstract":"A new genus and species of non-hadrosaurid hadrosauriform dinosaur, Brighstoneus simmondsi gen. et sp. nov., is described from the Lower Cretaceous Wessex Formation of the Isle of Wight. The new taxon has two autapomorphies, a nasal having a modest nasal bulla with convex sides, and primary and accessory ridges on the lingual aspect of the maxillary crown. The dentary has at least 28 alveolar positions, which is the highest number recorded in an ornithopod with non-parallel sided alveoli, creating a character combination that is unique within Iguanodontia. The hadrosauriform fauna of the Barremian–Aptian Wealden Group on both the Isle of Wight and mainland England has been represented for almost a century by just two taxa, the robust Iguanodon bernissartensis and the more gracile Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis, with referred material often being fragmentary or based on unassociated elements. This discovery increases the known hadrosauriform diversity in England and, together with recent discoveries in Spain, suggests that their diversity in the upper Wealden of Europe was considerably wider than initially realized. This find also has important implications for the validity of the Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis hypodigm, and a reassessment of existing material is suggested. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:31F0D48F-C1DA-406E-A811-1F5937ED19F4","PeriodicalId":50028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology","volume":"19 1","pages":"847 - 888"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46584734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2022.2039311
A. Otero, D. Pol
Early sauropodomorphs were diverse in Gondwana, being particularly well represented in South America. Mussaurus patagonicus is one of the best-known non-sauropod sauropodomorphs that inhabited the Southern Hemisphere. Its importance relies on its phylogenetic position close to Sauropoda and also because it is known from a well-represented ontogenetic series, including embryos, neonate and late immature skeletons, which are particularly scarce among sauropodomorphs. In this regard, Mussaurus represents an excellent opportunity to explore anatomical and palaeobiological constraints during the ontogeny of early stages of the evolution of the group. We present the osteology of the postcranial skeleton of immature specimens of Mussaurus, highlighting the main anatomical changes that occurred during its ontogeny. The phylogenetic position of this taxon based on mature specimens is evaluated through a parsimony analysis, corroborating its position as closer to Sauropoda than most other early sauropodomorphs. Immature stages of this taxon were also evaluated phylogenetically, showing an overall phylogenetic signal that positioned them closer to the root of Sauropodomorpha than the mature specimens. However, the cranial and some postcranial anatomical partitions of neonates and late immature specimens have different phylogenetic signals, showing derived traits present in Sauropoda and related taxa (and supporting the hypothesis of paedomorphic evolution in certain regions of the skeleton). Our analysis shows that most of the appendicular apomorphies in Mussaurus appear late in ontogeny, whereas axial characters (in particular for OS 1), including those of the skull and the presacral vertebrae, show derived character states early in ontogeny that are congruent with the phylogenetic position of mature specimens. Ontogenetic series of other sauropodomorph species, however, are required to test if this pattern applies to the entire group.
{"title":"Ontogenetic changes in the postcranial skeleton of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) and their impact on the phylogenetic relationships of early sauropodomorphs","authors":"A. Otero, D. Pol","doi":"10.1080/14772019.2022.2039311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2022.2039311","url":null,"abstract":"Early sauropodomorphs were diverse in Gondwana, being particularly well represented in South America. Mussaurus patagonicus is one of the best-known non-sauropod sauropodomorphs that inhabited the Southern Hemisphere. Its importance relies on its phylogenetic position close to Sauropoda and also because it is known from a well-represented ontogenetic series, including embryos, neonate and late immature skeletons, which are particularly scarce among sauropodomorphs. In this regard, Mussaurus represents an excellent opportunity to explore anatomical and palaeobiological constraints during the ontogeny of early stages of the evolution of the group. We present the osteology of the postcranial skeleton of immature specimens of Mussaurus, highlighting the main anatomical changes that occurred during its ontogeny. The phylogenetic position of this taxon based on mature specimens is evaluated through a parsimony analysis, corroborating its position as closer to Sauropoda than most other early sauropodomorphs. Immature stages of this taxon were also evaluated phylogenetically, showing an overall phylogenetic signal that positioned them closer to the root of Sauropodomorpha than the mature specimens. However, the cranial and some postcranial anatomical partitions of neonates and late immature specimens have different phylogenetic signals, showing derived traits present in Sauropoda and related taxa (and supporting the hypothesis of paedomorphic evolution in certain regions of the skeleton). Our analysis shows that most of the appendicular apomorphies in Mussaurus appear late in ontogeny, whereas axial characters (in particular for OS 1), including those of the skull and the presacral vertebrae, show derived character states early in ontogeny that are congruent with the phylogenetic position of mature specimens. Ontogenetic series of other sauropodomorph species, however, are required to test if this pattern applies to the entire group.","PeriodicalId":50028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1467 - 1516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48364432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2022.2049382
Soledad Gouiric-Cavalli, G. Arratia
As part of the transition from Holostei to Teleostei, †Pachycormiformes represent a key group of fishes. However, the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the group in the context of the neopterygians are far from being understood. In this contribution we describe a new pachycormiform, †Kaykay lafken gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Jurassic of Argentina. We made an exhaustive review of morphological characters of holostean and teleostean fishes and explore through a cladistic analysis the phylogenetic relationships of the new species. †Kaykay gen. nov. is retrieved among †Pachycormiformes as being the sister taxon of the macrocarnivorous clade composed of †Orthocormus and †Hypsocormus. Among †Pachycormiformes the pattern of relationships mostly agrees with previous hypotheses, although our study highlights the still poor knowledge of the anatomy of this group. According to our results †Saurostomus is the sister taxon of other toothed pachycormids. †Orthocormus species are recovered as a monophyletic group. The unsolved position of †Pachycormus and †Sauropsis might be a consequence of poor preservation, revealing a lack of understanding of their anatomy. Our phylogenetic analysis also confirms the rapid radiation of holosteans and teleosteomorphs in the Early Triassic and the radiation of pholidophoriforms in the Middle Triassic. †Aspidorhynchoidei radiate in the Early Jurassic. The large ghost ranges (e.g. between †Aspidorhynchoidei and Teleosteomorpha) evidence biases in the fossil record. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pubE78932B3-8F3C-4181-A91F-FC34358C5508
厚角形目作为全骨目向远骨目过渡的一部分，是鱼类的一个关键类群。然而，解剖学和系统发育的关系，该集团的背景下，菜鸟还远远没有被理解。在这篇文章中，我们描述了来自阿根廷上侏罗世的一种新的厚球虫，†Kaykay lafken gen. et sp. nov.。我们对全骨鱼和远骨鱼的形态特征进行了详尽的综述，并通过支系分析探讨了新种的系统发育关系。†Kaykay gen. 11 .在†厚角形目中被检索到，作为由†正角目和†下角目组成的大型食肉分支的姐妹分类群。尽管我们的研究强调了对这一群体的解剖学知识仍然很贫乏，但在厚形虫中，关系的模式与之前的假设基本一致。根据我们的研究结果，†Saurostomus是其他有齿厚科动物的姐妹分类群。†Orthocormus物种被恢复为单系群。†Pachycormus和†Sauropsis的位置未解可能是保存不良的结果，表明对它们的解剖结构缺乏了解。我们的系统发育分析也证实了早三叠世全骨兽和远骨兽的快速辐射和中三叠世磷光兽的辐射。†Aspidorhynchoidei在早侏罗世辐射。大范围的鬼影(例如在†Aspidorhynchoidei和Teleosteomorpha之间)表明化石记录存在偏差。http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pubE78932B3-8F3C-4181-A91F-FC34358C5508
{"title":"A new †Pachycormiformes (Actinopterygii) from the Upper Jurassic of Gondwana sheds light on the evolutionary history of the group","authors":"Soledad Gouiric-Cavalli, G. Arratia","doi":"10.1080/14772019.2022.2049382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2022.2049382","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the transition from Holostei to Teleostei, †Pachycormiformes represent a key group of fishes. However, the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of the group in the context of the neopterygians are far from being understood. In this contribution we describe a new pachycormiform, †Kaykay lafken gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Jurassic of Argentina. We made an exhaustive review of morphological characters of holostean and teleostean fishes and explore through a cladistic analysis the phylogenetic relationships of the new species. †Kaykay gen. nov. is retrieved among †Pachycormiformes as being the sister taxon of the macrocarnivorous clade composed of †Orthocormus and †Hypsocormus. Among †Pachycormiformes the pattern of relationships mostly agrees with previous hypotheses, although our study highlights the still poor knowledge of the anatomy of this group. According to our results †Saurostomus is the sister taxon of other toothed pachycormids. †Orthocormus species are recovered as a monophyletic group. The unsolved position of †Pachycormus and †Sauropsis might be a consequence of poor preservation, revealing a lack of understanding of their anatomy. Our phylogenetic analysis also confirms the rapid radiation of holosteans and teleosteomorphs in the Early Triassic and the radiation of pholidophoriforms in the Middle Triassic. †Aspidorhynchoidei radiate in the Early Jurassic. The large ghost ranges (e.g. between †Aspidorhynchoidei and Teleosteomorpha) evidence biases in the fossil record. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pubE78932B3-8F3C-4181-A91F-FC34358C5508","PeriodicalId":50028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1517 - 1550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46222100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911
A. Gale
The phylogenetic relationships of spherical and sub-spherical asteroids, belonging to the valvatidan family Sphaerasteridae (Early Jurassic–Recent), are revised in the light of abundant new fossil material from Europe and North Africa. The family had radiated by the Early Jurassic and the family Stauranderasteridae is its sister group. Morphological changes involved the formation of a domed body, the absence of differentiated marginal ossicles and the transformation of dorsal abactinal ossicles into a tessellation of large, thin plates. The family Podosphaerasteridae is placed in synonomy with the Sphaerasteridae. New taxa include Eosphaeraster amellagensis gen. et sp. nov., Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., Pouzaster pocknotata gen. et sp. nov., Rugosphaeraster rugenensis gen. et sp. nov., Echinosphaeraster gen. nov. (type species: Asterias scutata Goldfuss, 1833) and Valettaster thuyi sp. nov. It is suggested that the morphology of Sphaerasteridae is related to their close association with sponges. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F8991F09-B5FB-40EF-B4CC-474D925085B8
{"title":"Taxonomy and phylogeny of the ‘football stars’ (Asteroidea, Sphaerasteridae)","authors":"A. Gale","doi":"10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2021.1960911","url":null,"abstract":"The phylogenetic relationships of spherical and sub-spherical asteroids, belonging to the valvatidan family Sphaerasteridae (Early Jurassic–Recent), are revised in the light of abundant new fossil material from Europe and North Africa. The family had radiated by the Early Jurassic and the family Stauranderasteridae is its sister group. Morphological changes involved the formation of a domed body, the absence of differentiated marginal ossicles and the transformation of dorsal abactinal ossicles into a tessellation of large, thin plates. The family Podosphaerasteridae is placed in synonomy with the Sphaerasteridae. New taxa include Eosphaeraster amellagensis gen. et sp. nov., Bulbosphaeraster valettei gen. et sp. nov., Pouzaster pocknotata gen. et sp. nov., Rugosphaeraster rugenensis gen. et sp. nov., Echinosphaeraster gen. nov. (type species: Asterias scutata Goldfuss, 1833) and Valettaster thuyi sp. nov. It is suggested that the morphology of Sphaerasteridae is related to their close association with sponges. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F8991F09-B5FB-40EF-B4CC-474D925085B8","PeriodicalId":50028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology","volume":"19 1","pages":"691 - 741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49420078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2021.1977732
O. A. Lebedev, E. Popov, Sergey V. Bagirov, Igor P. Bolshiyanov, R. Kadyrov, E. Statsenko
The ancestry of chimaeriform chondrichthyan fishes can be traced back to the Late Triassic (∼220 Ma). To date, only one chimaeriform suborder, the Echinochimaeroidei, has been recognized from the Palaeozoic. The origin and evolution of the chimaeriforms has been a matter of debate for more than a hundred years. This problem is aggravated by the scarcity of holomorphic fossils; the bulk of the material includes only hard parts of the jaw apparatus and other skeletal elements. Here we describe the oldest record of the Chimaeriformes, represented by tooth plates from the lower Carboniferous deposits (∼338–332 Ma) of Russia, as Protochimaera mirabilis gen. et sp. nov., and establish a new family and suborder based upon their particular morphological and histological features. The newly described tooth plates demonstrate a continuous layer of varitubate dentine over their oral surfaces; beak-shaped mandibular plates have been formed by fusion of a labial component of cutaneous origin to two others formed orally. Three separate vascular systems enabled the growth of these histological components. The beak and wear facets suggest a grasping-cutting feeding action and are the earliest example of this feeding mode in fishes after the placoderm extinction at the end of the Devonian. Phylogenetic analysis of the dental characters places these stem chimaeriforms as a sister group to the Chimaeroidei. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5593C7FE-B5B5-4922-8D32-BF0440D89192
{"title":"The earliest chimaeriform fish from the Carboniferous of Central Russia","authors":"O. A. Lebedev, E. Popov, Sergey V. Bagirov, Igor P. Bolshiyanov, R. Kadyrov, E. Statsenko","doi":"10.1080/14772019.2021.1977732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2021.1977732","url":null,"abstract":"The ancestry of chimaeriform chondrichthyan fishes can be traced back to the Late Triassic (∼220 Ma). To date, only one chimaeriform suborder, the Echinochimaeroidei, has been recognized from the Palaeozoic. The origin and evolution of the chimaeriforms has been a matter of debate for more than a hundred years. This problem is aggravated by the scarcity of holomorphic fossils; the bulk of the material includes only hard parts of the jaw apparatus and other skeletal elements. Here we describe the oldest record of the Chimaeriformes, represented by tooth plates from the lower Carboniferous deposits (∼338–332 Ma) of Russia, as Protochimaera mirabilis gen. et sp. nov., and establish a new family and suborder based upon their particular morphological and histological features. The newly described tooth plates demonstrate a continuous layer of varitubate dentine over their oral surfaces; beak-shaped mandibular plates have been formed by fusion of a labial component of cutaneous origin to two others formed orally. Three separate vascular systems enabled the growth of these histological components. The beak and wear facets suggest a grasping-cutting feeding action and are the earliest example of this feeding mode in fishes after the placoderm extinction at the end of the Devonian. Phylogenetic analysis of the dental characters places these stem chimaeriforms as a sister group to the Chimaeroidei. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5593C7FE-B5B5-4922-8D32-BF0440D89192","PeriodicalId":50028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology","volume":"19 1","pages":"821 - 846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47254376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2021.1968522
S. Manchester, Xiaoqing Zhang, C. Hotton, S. Wing, P. Crane
A new kind of seed-bearing structure is described based on three-dimensional casts and partially permineralized small cones from the Upper Jurassic Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, in the Henry Mountains of Utah. Cones of Dayvaultia tetragona gen. et sp. nov. are obovate in lateral view, 10.0–11.0 mm long, square in cross-section and 5.1–8.0 mm wide, with a thick wall composed of four tightly adhering bracts that open apically to expose the tips of six or eight elongate, four-lobed seeds. Micro-CT scanning reveals that the seeds are borne on a cup-shaped receptacle in a regular opposite and decussate manner. This regular arrangement, as well as similarities of the seeds to several kinds of Early Cretaceous chlamydospermous seeds, including those of Lobospermum and Battenispermum, suggests a relationship to extant and Cretaceous members of Gnetales. The sedimentary context in which the cones occur, combined with their local abundance, suggests that Dayvaultia was common on intermittently inundated well-drained floodplains during Morrison times, enhancing insight into the vegetation that supported the diverse vertebrate faunas for which the Morrison Formation is well known. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0ECD4B37-E6B6-4050-B45A-28D713321EB8
{"title":"Distinctive quadrangular seed-bearing structures of gnetalean affinity from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah, USA","authors":"S. Manchester, Xiaoqing Zhang, C. Hotton, S. Wing, P. Crane","doi":"10.1080/14772019.2021.1968522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2021.1968522","url":null,"abstract":"A new kind of seed-bearing structure is described based on three-dimensional casts and partially permineralized small cones from the Upper Jurassic Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, in the Henry Mountains of Utah. Cones of Dayvaultia tetragona gen. et sp. nov. are obovate in lateral view, 10.0–11.0 mm long, square in cross-section and 5.1–8.0 mm wide, with a thick wall composed of four tightly adhering bracts that open apically to expose the tips of six or eight elongate, four-lobed seeds. Micro-CT scanning reveals that the seeds are borne on a cup-shaped receptacle in a regular opposite and decussate manner. This regular arrangement, as well as similarities of the seeds to several kinds of Early Cretaceous chlamydospermous seeds, including those of Lobospermum and Battenispermum, suggests a relationship to extant and Cretaceous members of Gnetales. The sedimentary context in which the cones occur, combined with their local abundance, suggests that Dayvaultia was common on intermittently inundated well-drained floodplains during Morrison times, enhancing insight into the vegetation that supported the diverse vertebrate faunas for which the Morrison Formation is well known. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0ECD4B37-E6B6-4050-B45A-28D713321EB8","PeriodicalId":50028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology","volume":"19 1","pages":"743 - 760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47513056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2022.2073279
Vincent Luccisano, Mizuki Rambert-Natsuaki, G. Cuny, R. Amiot, J. Pouillon, Alan Pradel
Four complete isolated neurocrania excavated during the nineteenth century in the Autun Basin (Saône-et-Loire, France) were used by Heyler & Poplin (1982) to erect two species: the symmoriiform Bibractopiscis niger and the xenacanthiform Orthacanthus commailli. However, the specimens have not been mechanically prepared and only a portion of their anatomy is available, complicating their systematic attribution. We revise their systematic status by using X-ray computed microtomography and new comparative material from the Bourbon l’Archambault Basin (Allier, France). This method allows access to the hidden anatomy of the specimens and new systematic revision: we propose O. commailli to be left in open nomenclature as ?Xenacanthimorpha. The specimens attributed to B. niger encompass two distinct morphologies: the holotype, one paratype and a neurocranium from the Bourbon l’Archambault Basin are identified as cf. Triodus sp. The last paratype is left in open nomenclature as ‘Ctenacanthiformes’ indet. We included these neurocrania in geometric morphometric and cladistic analyses of a large sample of Palaeozoic chondrichthyans. Based on the results we propose an evolutionary scenario for the neurocranial transition between the orders ‘Ctenacanthiformes’ and Xenacanthiformes. This transition mostly affects the ethmo-orbital region. The revision of the diversity of these chondrichthyan faunas calls into question potential differences in trophic structures between the different European Carboniferous–Permian basins.
{"title":"Phylogenetic implications of the systematic reassessment of Xenacanthiformes and ‘Ctenacanthiformes’ (Chondrichthyes) neurocrania from the Carboniferous–Permian Autun Basin (France)","authors":"Vincent Luccisano, Mizuki Rambert-Natsuaki, G. Cuny, R. Amiot, J. Pouillon, Alan Pradel","doi":"10.1080/14772019.2022.2073279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2022.2073279","url":null,"abstract":"Four complete isolated neurocrania excavated during the nineteenth century in the Autun Basin (Saône-et-Loire, France) were used by Heyler & Poplin (1982) to erect two species: the symmoriiform Bibractopiscis niger and the xenacanthiform Orthacanthus commailli. However, the specimens have not been mechanically prepared and only a portion of their anatomy is available, complicating their systematic attribution. We revise their systematic status by using X-ray computed microtomography and new comparative material from the Bourbon l’Archambault Basin (Allier, France). This method allows access to the hidden anatomy of the specimens and new systematic revision: we propose O. commailli to be left in open nomenclature as ?Xenacanthimorpha. The specimens attributed to B. niger encompass two distinct morphologies: the holotype, one paratype and a neurocranium from the Bourbon l’Archambault Basin are identified as cf. Triodus sp. The last paratype is left in open nomenclature as ‘Ctenacanthiformes’ indet. We included these neurocrania in geometric morphometric and cladistic analyses of a large sample of Palaeozoic chondrichthyans. Based on the results we propose an evolutionary scenario for the neurocranial transition between the orders ‘Ctenacanthiformes’ and Xenacanthiformes. This transition mostly affects the ethmo-orbital region. The revision of the diversity of these chondrichthyan faunas calls into question potential differences in trophic structures between the different European Carboniferous–Permian basins.","PeriodicalId":50028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systematic Palaeontology","volume":"19 1","pages":"1623 - 1642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47746397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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