Journal of South American Earth Sciences最新文献_第4页

Relief compartments and forms: Influence on paleoburrow distribution patterns 地形隔室与形态：对古穴居分布格局的影响

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105937

Arthur Philipe Bechtel , Jairo Valdati

This article examines the impact of relief compartments and landforms on the distribution of paleoburrows formed by extinct Xenarthra in the Caminhos dos Cânions do Sul UNESCO Global Geopark (CCSUGGP), southern Brazil. The central purpose is to understand how geomorphological and lithological factors have influenced the choice of excavation sites and the preservation of these structures. Twenty-two paleoburrows were analyzed through field surveys, morphological cataloging, and spatial analysis using GIS (QGIS), incorporating altimetric and geological data at various scales. The burrows were mapped and correlated with the relief compartments (Serra Geral Plateau, Serra Geral Escarpments, and Campos Gerais Plateau) and specific landforms (interfluves, convex and rectilinear slopes). The results indicate that paleoburrows are mainly concentrated in inclined reliefs and in sandstone lithologies of the Botucatu Formation, except for one located in weathered basalt. The convex morphology of the sites favors diffuse surface runoff, contributing to the conservation of the burrows by preventing flooding and sediment deposition. A directional pattern was also observed in the tunnels, with 60 % of the tunnels directed towards the southwest/southeast. The paleoburrows' mean altitude ranges between 49 m and 1023 m, being higher on the Escarpments and Plateau. We concluded that the relief compartments and forms may have contributed to both the excavation and preservation of paleoburrows, providing evidence on the behavior of Xenarthra and environmental transformations during the Quaternary. The results contribute to understanding the interaction between geomorphology and the behavior of extinct megafauna, reinforcing the scientific and heritage value of the GMUCCS paleoburrows.

本文研究了巴西南部Caminhos dos cunions do Sul联合国教科文组织世界地质公园（CCSUGGP）中，地形和地形对已灭绝Xenarthra形成的古穴居分布的影响。中心目的是了解地貌和岩性因素如何影响挖掘地点的选择和这些结构的保存。利用地理信息系统（QGIS），结合不同尺度的高程和地质资料，对22个古穴居进行了野外调查、形态编目和空间分析。这些洞穴被绘制出来并与地形区（Serra Geral Plateau、Serra Geral escarments和Campos Gerais Plateau）和特定地形（interfluves、凸坡和直线坡）进行了对比。结果表明，古洞穴除位于风化玄武岩中外，主要集中在坡面起伏和波图卡图组砂岩岩性中。这些地点的凸形形态有利于扩散的地表径流，有助于通过防止洪水和沉积物沉积来保护洞穴。在隧道中也观察到定向模式，60%的隧道朝向西南/东南。古穴居的平均海拔高度在49 ~ 1023 m之间，在陡壁和高原较高。我们的结论是，地形隔间和形态可能对古洞穴的发掘和保存都有贡献，为第四纪时期Xenarthra的行为和环境变化提供了证据。研究结果有助于理解地貌与灭绝巨型动物行为之间的相互作用，增强了GMUCCS古洞穴的科学价值和遗产价值。

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引用次数: 0

Insights on northeastern South America tectonics from local event tomography 局部事件层析成像对南美洲东北部构造的启示

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105936

Mariano S. Arnaiz-Rodríguez , Noel Crasto , Ana Jaramillo , Ivan Koulakov , Ana K. Sánchez-Gamboa , Franck A. Audemard , Carlos E. Reinoza , Michael Schmitz

We present results from local earthquake tomography in northeastern Venezuela, where the Caribbean and South American plates meet. The region, dominated by strike-slip faulting, subduction and inhabited by the Paria Seismic Cluster, offers a unique setting for studying the mechanisms of lithospheric tearing, Subduction-Transform Edge Propagator structures and seismic cluster formation. To perform the tomography, we use a compilation of data, including: the ISC catalog, the database of the University of the West Indies, and the data collected by the temporary array of the BOLIVAR (Broadband Ocean-Land Investigation of Venezuela and the Antilles Arc Region) Project. The combined and revised dataset was composed of 286 stations, 4384 events, 70891 P-wave arrivals and 42532 S-wave arrivals. In our results, the Paria Seismic Cluster appears as a weak region (P-wave low velocity zone) where the lithosphere beneath the active strike-slip system and the subduction slab meet. Hence, the lithosphere tears in response to the dominant shear stress aided by the slab. Furthermore, the cluster appears to be a superposition of the seismicity derived from this process and that of the subducted slab. Crustal-scale high velocities in the Paria Peninsula, associated with the intrusive bodies documented in the area are indicative of subduction-related volcanism active beneath the continent from the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene. Furthermore, we image a high-velocity and seismically active zone beneath Trinidad, which is interpreted as a piece of the Atlantic slab that was torn before subducting underneath the South American lithosphere. Finally, we identify several magmatic chambers beneath the southern Lesser Antilles Arc, as well as an LVZ that we interpret as an upwelling that feeds the volcanism.

我们介绍了委内瑞拉东北部的局部地震断层成像结果，加勒比和南美板块在那里相遇。该地区以走滑断裂和俯冲作用为主，并发育Paria地震群，为研究岩石圈撕裂、俯冲变换边缘传播体构造和地震群形成机制提供了独特的环境。为了进行断层扫描，我们使用了一组数据，包括：ISC目录、西印度群岛大学数据库和BOLIVAR（委内瑞拉和安的列斯弧地区宽带海洋-陆地调查）项目临时阵列收集的数据。合并和修正后的数据集由286个台站、4384个事件、70891个p波到达和42532个s波到达组成。在我们的研究结果中，Paria地震群表现为活动走滑系统下的岩石圈与俯冲板块交汇的弱区（p波低速带）。因此，岩石圈在板块辅助下的主要剪切应力作用下发生撕裂。此外，该群似乎是由这一过程产生的地震活动性与俯冲板块的地震活动性的叠加。帕里亚半岛的地壳高速与该地区记录的侵入体有关，表明晚中新世至上新世早期，该大陆下存在与俯冲有关的火山活动。此外，我们还绘制了特立尼达下面的高速地震活跃带的图像，这被解释为大西洋板块的一块在俯冲到南美岩石圈下面之前被撕裂。最后，我们确定了小安的列斯岛弧南部的几个岩浆室，以及一个LVZ，我们将其解释为为火山活动提供动力的上升流。

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引用次数: 0

A Santacrucian record of Acarechimys minutus (Octodontoidea) from Laguna del Laja (Cura-Mallín Formation, Chile; late Early Miocene) and its biogeographic implications 拉加湖（Cura-Mallín组，智利；早中新世晚期）的Acarechimys minutus（章鱼科）的圣克鲁斯记录及其生物地理意义

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105938

Andrés Solórzano , Alfonso Encinas , Mónica Núñez-Flores , Gabriel Carrasco , Karina Buldrini , Jorge Campos-Medina , René Bobe

The fossil record of pre-Quaternary continental mammals from Chile remains less well-documented than that of neighboring Argentina and Bolivia. Among the most promising successions is the Miocene Cura-Mallín Formation at Laguna del Laja (37.5°S), which preserves diverse mammalian assemblages spanning nearly 10 million years. One of the rodents previously reported from this locality is Acarechimys, a small octodontoid widely documented in Late Oligocene to Late Miocene continental deposits of South America. However, records from Laguna del Laja were based exclusively on fragmentary and undescribed material, leaving their taxonomic identity uncertain. Here, we describe a Santacrucian (late Early Miocene) occurrence of a caviomorph rodent from Laguna del Laja, represented by a partial mandible preserving m1–m3 and a fragment of the dp4. Dental traits, including a laterally compressed lower incisor and a developed posterior arm of the metaconid, support referral to Acarechimys minutus. This well-dated record provides a stratigraphically constrained occurrence of the species in south-central Chile and narrows the geographic gap between Chilean localities of Chucal in the north and Aysén in the south. The new evidence supports the hypothesis that the Laguna del Laja assemblage was not fully endemic, but rather integrated into the broader Santacrucian biogeographic continuum, reinforcing its value as a key reference point for Neogene faunal and biogeographic studies in the south-central Andes.

与邻国阿根廷和玻利维亚相比，来自智利的前第四纪大陆哺乳动物的化石记录仍然没有得到充分的证明。最有希望的序列是拉古纳德尔拉贾（37.5°S）中新世Cura-Mallín组，它保存了近1000万年的各种哺乳动物组合。在此发现的一种啮齿类动物是Acarechimys，这是一种小型齿状类动物，广泛记录在南美晚渐新世至晚中新世大陆沉积物中。然而，来自拉古纳德尔拉贾的记录完全基于碎片和未描述的材料，使其分类身份不确定。在这里，我们描述了一种来自拉贾湖（Laguna del Laja）的洞穴形啮齿类动物的圣十字期（早中新世晚期），以部分保存的m1-m3下颌骨和dp4的碎片为代表。牙齿特征，包括侧压下门牙和发达的后髁后臂，支持转介到Acarechimys minuth。这一年代准确的记录提供了该物种在智利中南部地层受限的出现，并缩小了智利北部Chucal地区和南部ayssamin地区之间的地理差距。新的证据支持了拉古纳德尔拉贾组合不是完全地方性的假设，而是融入了更广泛的圣克鲁斯生物地理连续体，加强了它作为安第斯山脉中南部新近纪动物和生物地理研究的关键参考点的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Degassing-driven seismicity and deformation: Evidence from the Cretaceous Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province, southeastern Brazil 脱气驱动的地震活动和变形：来自巴西东南部白垩纪Alto Paranaíba火成岩省的证据

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105935

Lucca Martins Franco , Miguel Tupinambá , Emanuele Francesco La Terra , Liliane Paiva Panetto , Rogério Guitarrari Azzone

Here, we provide some structural and mineralogical evidence about what happens below a volcanic field during precursor seismic events. Based on outcrops and borehole material, we analyzed volcanic-related structures within the Cretaceous volcanic sequence of the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province and the underlying Areado Group sandstones in southeastern Brazil, focusing on the role of magmatic volatiles and magmatic fluid circulation. Structural, petrographic, and geochemical data indicate that magma ascent through subvertical conduits generated overpressure conditions, promoting carbonate-rich hydrothermal activity and widespread deformation. The resulting structural assemblage includes normal faults, deformation bands, localized folding, subhorizontal creeping faults, and soft-sediment deformation structures, particularly concentrated at sandstone–volcanic contacts. Geological profiles highlight the mechanical and hydraulic interaction between alkaline rocks and their sedimentary host. Overall, the results indicate that volatile exsolution during magma ascent was a key driver of fluid-assisted brittle deformation and induced seismicity, exerting first-order control on fault development, sediment destabilization, and hydrothermal alteration.

在这里，我们提供了一些构造和矿物学证据，说明在地震前兆事件期间火山场下面发生了什么。根据露头和钻孔资料，分析了巴西东南部Alto Paranaíba火成岩省白垩系火山层序和下伏Areado群砂岩的火山相关构造，重点研究了岩浆挥发物和岩浆流体循环的作用。构造、岩石学和地球化学数据表明，岩浆通过次垂直管道上升产生超压条件，促进了富含碳酸盐的热液活动和广泛的变形。构造组合包括正断层、变形带、局部褶皱、次水平爬行断层和软沉积变形构造，尤其集中在砂岩-火山接触处。地质剖面突出了碱性岩与其沉积宿主之间的力学和水力相互作用。总体而言，岩浆上升过程中的挥发性析出是流体辅助脆性变形和诱发地震活动的关键驱动因素，对断层发育、沉积物失稳和热液蚀变具有一级控制作用。

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引用次数: 0

Structural control and deformational evolution of the São Francisco gold deposit, Borborema Province (NE Brazil) 巴西borborrema省s<s:1> o Francisco金矿床构造控制与变形演化

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105934

Harrizon Lima de Almeida , Jucieny Sousa de Moura Barros

The gold mineralizations of the Borborema Province are structurally controlled and hosted in amphibolite facies metamorphic rock sequences. These gold mineralizations are closely related to the Brasiliano/Neoproterozoic orogeny and classified as orogenic gold deposits. The São Francisco gold deposit (SFGD), located in the Rio Grande do Norte Domain, Borborema Province, has emerged as the most significant gold mine in the region. The SFGD is hosted in biotite schists of the Seridó belt and consists of a planar and elongated, SW-NE-oriented ore shoot spatially associated with F₃ antiform fold. The gold occurs both within quartz veins and disseminated in the mica schist, in paragenetic association with pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, and galena. A structural mapping conducted in this study shows that the SFGD occurs in the hinge zone of a F₃ fold, which is primarily controlled by an intersection lineation developed during the D₃ deformation event. A 3D-dimensional strain analysis was conducted on the mica schists of the area, encompassing different segments of the mineralization-hosting structure. The deformation in the hinge zone and in the limbs of the fold was dominated by constriction strain and flattening strain, respectively. It is proposed that the emplacement and occurrence of the SFGD resulted from the increase in structural permeability in the hinge zone, which, combined with a localized constriction strain regime, enabled the pipe-like channelling of a high volume of hydrothermal fluids. The SFGD represents an alternative model for the formation of saddle reef-type ore shoots in F₃ antiform folds hosted in the Seridó belt, Borborema Province.

borborrema省金矿成矿受构造控制，赋存于角闪岩相变质岩层序中。这些金矿化与巴西利亚/新元古代造山运动密切相关，可归类为造山型金矿床。s o Francisco金矿（SFGD）位于borborrema省里约热内卢Grande do Norte Domain，已成为该地区最重要的金矿。SFGD赋存于Seridó带的黑云母片岩中，由一个平面细长的sw - ne向矿床组成，空间上与F3反形褶皱有关。金既赋存于石英脉中，又浸染于云母片岩中，与黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、毒砂、方铅矿共生。本研究的构造作图表明，SFGD发生在F3褶皱的铰区，主要受D3变形事件期间形成的交点线理控制。对该地区的云母片岩进行了三维应变分析，包括矿化-承载结构的不同段。褶皱铰区和褶皱翼部的变形分别以收缩应变和压扁应变为主。认为SFGD的就位和发生是由于铰链区结构渗透率的增加，加上局部收缩应变状态，使得大量热液形成了管道状通道。SFGD代表了borborrema省Seridó带F3反形褶皱中鞍礁型矿脉形成的另一种模式。

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引用次数: 0

Paleoceanographic and paleobiogeographic inferences from late Albian to early Santonian calcareous nannofossils at DSDP Site 356, South Atlantic 南大西洋DSDP 356遗址Albian晚期至Santonian早期钙质纳米化石的古海洋学和古生物地理学推论

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105932

Roberto Silva Jr. , Elisabetta Erba , Aristóteles de Moraes Rios-Netto , Silvia Clara Silva , Mauro Daniel Rodrigues Bruno , Lília Dias Sabaraense , Milene Freitas Figueiredo , Leonardo Borghi , João Graciano Mendonça Filho

This study investigates paleoceanographic and paleobiogeographic changes in the South Atlantic Ocean between the late Albian and early Santonian, integrating quantitative analyses of calcareous nannofossil assemblages with new geochemical data from 123 samples collected at Site 356 (São Paulo Plateau). A total of 109 calcareous nannofossil taxa and nine bioevents were identified. Two major hiatuses, corresponding to the late Albian–Cenomanian (∼6.9 Myr) and late Turonian/early Coniacian (∼2.7 Myr), are evident in the calcareous nannofossil record. The integration of nannofossil assemblages, diversity indices, and paleoecological proxies (mTI and mNI) with Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and stable isotope data (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O) reveals nine distinct paleoceanographic intervals. Notably, the OAE 2 interval is confirmed by a plateau in the positive δ¹³C excursion and a sharp spike in TOC, reflecting enhanced organic carbon burial, although the onset of this event was truncated by the late Albian–Cenomanian hiatus. The paleoceanographic reconstruction indicates a predominance of warm, oligotrophic surface waters from the late Albian through the Turonian. Subsequently, a distinct positive shift in δ¹⁸O values during the late Coniacian signals a transition towards cooler surface waters. The paleobiogeographic affinity of the assemblages shows a dominance of cosmopolitan and mid-to low-latitude taxa, consistent with paleogeographic reconstructions and paleolatitude estimates (24°S–30°S) for the studied section. However, the increased abundance of high-latitude taxa between the late Coniacian and early Santonian appears to reflect a phase of enhanced surface-water connectivity and/or more effective oceanic circulation between the Central and South Atlantic, possibly driven by sea-level rise and/or a reduced influence of geological barriers (e.g., the Rio Grande Rise–Walvis Ridge System).

本研究通过对356 Site （s o Paulo Plateau）收集的123个样品的钙质纳米化石组合的定量分析和新的地球化学数据，研究了南大西洋Albian晚期至Santonian早期的古海洋学和古生物地理变化。共鉴定出109个钙质纳米化石分类群和9个生物事件。在钙质纳米化石记录中，有两个主要的间歇期，对应于晚Albian-Cenomanian （~ 6.9 Myr）和晚Turonian/早Coniacian （~ 2.7 Myr）。综合纳米化石组合、多样性指数、古生态指标（mTI和mNI）、总有机碳（TOC）和稳定同位素（δ13C和δ18O）数据，揭示了9个不同的古海洋层序。值得注意的是，OAE 2的间隔由δ13C正偏移的平台和TOC的急剧上升证实，反映了有机碳埋藏的增强，尽管这一事件的开始被晚Albian-Cenomanian中断所截断。古海洋学重建表明，从晚阿尔比世到Turonian，温暖的、少营养的地表水占主导地位。随后，在Coniacian晚期δ18O值的明显正移标志着向较冷的地表水过渡。这些组合的古地理亲和性显示出世界性和中低纬度分类群的优势，与研究剖面的古地理重建和古纬度估计（24°S - 30°S）一致。然而，在晚Coniacian和早sanantonian之间高纬度分类群的增加似乎反映了一个增强的地表水连通性和/或中大西洋和南大西洋之间更有效的海洋环流阶段，可能是由于海平面上升和/或地质屏障（例如里约热内卢Grande rise - walvis Ridge系统）影响的减少。

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引用次数: 0

Anatectic pegmatites and partial melting evolution in the Paleoproterozoic basement of the Tandilia Belt, Río de la Plata Craton: Insights from Barker and Balcarce regions (Argentina) Río de la Plata克拉通Tandilia带古元古代基底的深熔伟晶岩和部分熔融演化：来自阿根廷Barker和Balcarce地区的启示

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105929

Federico J. Saponara , Maria F. Lajoinie , Mabel E. Lanfranchini , Christopher J. Spencer , Belén Marone

This study looks at the origin and development of anatectic pegmatites in the Paleoproterozoic basement of the Tandilia Belt (TB), Río de la Plata Craton, Argentina. It combines new field observations with petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, and stable isotope (δ¹⁸O) data from the Barker and Balcarce regions. The pegmatites, which have granitic and slightly peralkaline compositions, formed mainly during the post-collisional stage from 2026 to 1948 Ma. This occurred under an extensional regime linked to asthenospheric upwelling and they represent the final products of partial melting of metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks through dehydration and fluid-flux melting processes. Field observations show both concordant and discordant intrusions into gneiss, migmatite, amphibolite, granulite, marble, and skarn, which are controlled by tectonic domains and existing structures. Petrographic features include bimodal grain-size distributions, perthitic microcline, heavily sericitized plagioclase, poikilitic and myrmekitic textures, and abundant tourmaline and garnet. These features reflect crystallization from volatile-rich, evolved melts. Geochemical data indicate enrichment in SiO₂, K₂O, and total alkalis. They also show high levels of LILE (Rb, Th, U), a decrease in HFSE (Nb, Zr, Y), and REE patterns marked by LREE/HREE fractionation and varying Eu anomalies. δ¹⁸O values range from +6.5 ‰ to +11.3 ‰, supporting a crustal origin with different degrees of fluid interaction. Higher values in Barker suggest more assimilation from the upper-middle crust, while lower values in Balcarce indicate a stronger influence from mafic lithology and fluid participation. These combined results suggest that the TB pegmatites reflect the late-stage evolution of Paleoproterozoic anatectic magmas. They link the formation to crustal recycling processes and the merging of the Atlantica supercontinent during the 2.2–1.8 Ga interval.

本文研究了阿根廷Río de la Plata克拉通坦迪利亚带（TB）古元古代基底的无晶长伟晶岩的起源和发育。它结合了Barker和Balcarce地区的岩石学、全岩地球化学和稳定同位素（δ18O）数据。伟晶岩主要形成于2026 ~ 1948 Ma的后碰撞阶段，具有花岗质和微过碱性成分。这是在与软流圈上升流有关的伸展状态下发生的，它们是变质沉积岩和变质岩通过脱水和流体通量熔融过程部分熔融的最终产物。野外观测显示，片麻岩、混辉岩、角闪岩、麻粒岩、大理岩和矽卡岩中均有和合型和不和合型侵入，受构造域和现有构造控制。岩石学特征包括：双峰型粒度分布、粗长微斜长石、绢云母斜长石、易绿质和绢云母质织构、丰富的电气石和石榴石。这些特征反映了富含挥发物的熔融物的结晶。地球化学数据表明，SiO2、K2O和总碱富集。它们还显示出高水平的LILE (Rb, Th， U), HFSE （Nb, Zr， Y）的减少，以及以LREE/HREE分异和变化的Eu异常为标志的REE模式。δ18O值在+6.5‰~ +11.3‰之间，表明该区存在不同程度流体相互作用的地壳成因。Barker地区较高的值表明更多的是来自中上地壳的同化作用，而Balcarce地区较低的值表明基性岩性和流体参与的影响更大。这些综合结果表明，结核伟晶岩反映了古元古代深熔岩浆的晚期演化。他们将其形成与2.2-1.8 Ga期间的地壳再循环过程和大西洋超大陆的合并联系起来。

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引用次数: 0

Groundwater origin and circulation within a karst watershed recharge zone: the case of the Upper Guayalejo-Tamesí River Basin, southern Tamaulipas, Mexico 喀斯特流域补给带地下水的来源和循环：以墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州南部Guayalejo-Tamesí河上游流域为例

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105933

Luis Gerardo Vázquez-Guevara , René Ventura-Houle , Tomás Alejandro Peña-Alonso , Oscar Guevara-Mansilla , Glenda Nelly Requena-Lara , Elizabeth del Carmen Andrade-Limas , Bárbara Azucena Macías-Hernández

Karst aquifers in northeastern Mexico constitute the primary source of freshwater for more than 900,000 inhabitants, yet the hydrogeochemical functioning of their recharge zones and the mechanisms controlling groundwater evolution remain insufficiently documented. This study examines the origin, circulation, and degree of hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the Upper Guayalejo–Tamesí Basin, a carbonate-dominated karst system characterized by complex structural controls and seasonal recharge dynamics. Thirteen groundwater samples collected between 2023 and 2024 were integrated with previously reported hydrochemical datasets to evaluate water–rock interaction processes and identify flow components within the local, intermediate, and regional Mifflin framework. Three hydrochemical facies were identified from the results: (1) Ca–Mg–Cl–SO₄, associated with evaporation processes and salt dissolution; (2) Ca–Mg–HCO₃, typical of recharge zones in carbonate rocks; and (3) Na–K–Cl–SO₄, corresponding to evolved waters with high mineralization. Major ion relationships indicate that calcite dissolution predominates (Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ > Ca²⁺), with a minor contribution from gypsum dissolution (SO₄²⁻ > Ca²⁺), as well as halite dissolution and cation exchange. Flow classification reveals a progression from local to intermediate and regional systems, controlled by increasing residence time, circulation depth, and the influence of structural pathways. These results enhance the understanding of hydrogeochemical processes governing groundwater evolution in a major karst recharge zone of northeastern Mexico and provide a transferable conceptual framework applicable to karst basins worldwide. This contributes to improving regional-scale interpretations of groundwater flow dynamics and supports informed water-resource management in structurally complex carbonate terrains.

墨西哥东北部的喀斯特含水层是90多万居民的主要淡水来源，但其补给带的水文地球化学功能和控制地下水演化的机制仍然没有充分的文献记录。本文研究了Guayalejo-Tamesí上盆地地下水的来源、循环和水化学演化程度，该盆地是一个以碳酸盐岩为主的岩溶系统，具有复杂的构造控制和季节性补给动力学特征。将2023年至2024年间收集的13个地下水样本与先前报道的水化学数据集相结合，以评估水岩相互作用过程，并确定当地、中间和区域Mifflin框架内的流动成分。结果表明：(1)Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4水化学相与蒸发过程和盐溶解有关；(2) Ca-Mg-HCO3，典型的碳酸盐岩补给带；(3) Na-K-Cl-SO4，对应于高矿化演化水体。主要离子关系表明，方解石溶解（Ca2+ >； Mg2+和HCO3−>； Ca2+）占主导地位，石膏溶解（SO42−> Ca2+）、岩盐溶解和阳离子交换也有少量贡献。水流分类受停留时间、环流深度和构造路径影响的控制，从局部系统向中间系统和区域系统发展。这些结果增强了对墨西哥东北部主要喀斯特补给带地下水演化的水文地球化学过程的理解，并提供了一个适用于全球喀斯特盆地的可转移概念框架。这有助于改善地下水流动动力学的区域尺度解释，并支持在结构复杂的碳酸盐地形中进行明智的水资源管理。

{"title":"Groundwater origin and circulation within a karst watershed recharge zone: the case of the Upper Guayalejo-Tamesí River Basin, southern Tamaulipas, Mexico","authors":"Luis Gerardo Vázquez-Guevara , René Ventura-Houle , Tomás Alejandro Peña-Alonso , Oscar Guevara-Mansilla , Glenda Nelly Requena-Lara , Elizabeth del Carmen Andrade-Limas , Bárbara Azucena Macías-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Karst aquifers in northeastern Mexico constitute the primary source of freshwater for more than 900,000 inhabitants, yet the hydrogeochemical functioning of their recharge zones and the mechanisms controlling groundwater evolution remain insufficiently documented. This study examines the origin, circulation, and degree of hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the Upper Guayalejo–Tamesí Basin, a carbonate-dominated karst system characterized by complex structural controls and seasonal recharge dynamics. Thirteen groundwater samples collected between 2023 and 2024 were integrated with previously reported hydrochemical datasets to evaluate water–rock interaction processes and identify flow components within the local, intermediate, and regional Mifflin framework. Three hydrochemical facies were identified from the results: (1) Ca–Mg–Cl–SO<sub>4</sub>, associated with evaporation processes and salt dissolution; (2) Ca–Mg–HCO<sub>3</sub>, typical of recharge zones in carbonate rocks; and (3) Na–K–Cl–SO<sub>4</sub>, corresponding to evolved waters with high mineralization. Major ion relationships indicate that calcite dissolution predominates (Ca<sup>2+</sup> > Mg<sup>2+</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> > Ca<sup>2+</sup>), with a minor contribution from gypsum dissolution (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> > Ca<sup>2+</sup>), as well as halite dissolution and cation exchange. Flow classification reveals a progression from local to intermediate and regional systems, controlled by increasing residence time, circulation depth, and the influence of structural pathways. These results enhance the understanding of hydrogeochemical processes governing groundwater evolution in a major karst recharge zone of northeastern Mexico and provide a transferable conceptual framework applicable to karst basins worldwide. This contributes to improving regional-scale interpretations of groundwater flow dynamics and supports informed water-resource management in structurally complex carbonate terrains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 105933"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Campanorco Subvolcanic Complex: Insights into Miocene back-arc magmatism and slab shallowing in the 24°–26°S segment of the Central Andes Campanorco次火山杂岩：对中安第斯山脉24°-26°S段中新世弧后岩浆活动和板块浅化的认识

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105930

Guadalupe Maro , Juan Pablo Villalba Ulberich , Gabriel I. Alemán , Alba C. Muñoz Dada , Tai Wen , Chao Zhang , Patrocinio Flores , Edgar D. González , Pablo J. Caffe

The Campanorco Subvolcanic Complex (25°38′S–65°33′W) is a poorly known unit that comprises pheno-andesitic sills and dikes located approximately 600 km east of the Nazca Plate subduction trench, an unusual setting for typical Andean back-arc magmatism. This contribution offers new petrographic, geochemical and geochronological data. U-Pb dating on zircon yielded crystallization ages of 6.8 Ma, confirming its belonging to Upper-Miocene back-arc magmatism. This igneous system consists of amphibole-bearing rocks of the high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic series, related to an enriched mantle source, likely metasomatized by subduction-derived fluids. Magmatic differentiation primarily occurred through fractional crystallization of water-rich parental magmas, with low crustal contamination, typical of steady-state andesites. Magmatic enclaves are widespread and are good physical evidence for the influence of multiple episodes of magma mixing on magma evolution.

The formation of the Campanorco Subvolcanic Complex is attributed to slab shallowing during Middle to Late Miocene times, likely driven by the subduction of the Taltal and Copiapó aseismic ridges, which facilitated mantle hydration and magma generation far from the volcanic arc. This unit serves as a key indicator of the maximum extent of slab shallowing during this period in the segment between 24° and 26°S. The study of this system provides critical insights into the petrogenesis, tectonic setting, and mineralization potential of the easternmost Neogene back-arc magmatism in the Central Andes.

Campanorco次火山杂岩（25°38′- 65°33′w）是一个鲜为人知的单元，由位于纳斯卡板块俯冲海沟以东约600公里处的显生安山岩岩岩和岩脉组成，这是一个典型的安第斯弧后岩浆活动的不寻常环境。这一贡献提供了新的岩石学、地球化学和地质年代学数据。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示结晶年龄为6.8 Ma，属于上中新世弧后岩浆活动。该火成岩系统由含角闪岩的高钾钙碱性和闪玄岩系列组成，与富集的地幔源有关，可能是俯冲衍生流体的交代作用。岩浆分异主要发生在富水母岩浆的分异结晶过程中，具有较低的地壳污染，是稳定安山岩的典型特征。岩浆包裹体分布广泛，是多期岩浆混合对岩浆演化影响的良好物证。Campanorco次火山杂岩的形成是中-晚中新世时期的板块浅化，可能是由于Taltal和Copiapó地震脊的俯冲作用，促进了远离火山弧的地幔水化和岩浆的生成。该单元可作为24°- 26°S段这段时间内板坯最大浅化程度的关键指标。该系统的研究为研究安第斯山脉中部最东端新近纪弧后岩浆活动的岩石成因、构造背景和成矿潜力提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Coprolites from the Romualdo Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Araripe Basin, Brazil): brief comments on morphology and trophic interactions 巴西Araripe盆地下白垩统Romualdo组粪化石：形态与营养相互作用简评

IF 1.5 4区地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of South American Earth Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105931

Maria Aline Pereira Dino , Rafael César Lima Pedroso de Andrade , Naiara Cipriano Oliveira , Fábio Hideki Yamada , Antônio Álamo Feitosa Saraiva , Renan Alfredo Machado Bantim

Coprolites can provide clues about the diet and behavior of extinct organisms. We investigated 66 coprolites from the Romualdo Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Araripe Basin, Brazil), housed in the paleontological collection of the Paleontology Laboratory of the Universidade Regional do Cariri (LPU). All specimens were collected over the last decade at the Café das Antigas site (Lameiro district, Crato, Ceará), a locality that exposes laminated carbonates, carbonatic concretions, and shales of the Romualdo Formation and has yielded a diverse assemblage of vertebrate and plant remains. Using stereomicroscopy and morphometric documentation, we classified specimens into diagnostic morphotypes following previous established criteria, based on end morphology (isopolar and anisopolar) and overall outline. Five morphotypes were identified, such as cylindrical (n = 16), conical (n = 5), spiral (n = 3), ovoid (n = 14), and amorphous/irregular (n = 2), in addition to 26 indeterminate specimens. Seven coprolites (10.6 %) preserve expressive phosphatic fragments consistent with fish bones and scales, adding independent ichnological evidence that complements body-fossil evidence that teleosts were one of the main producers. Rare spiral forms may relate to fish with a spiral valve. These observations are constrained by the low proportions of inclusions and the descriptive scope of our analyses. We highlight the value of coprolites for reconstructing trophic interactions in this Konservat-Lagerstätte and outline avenues for future work to refine producer identification and detect microinclusions.

粪化石可以提供有关已灭绝生物的饮食和行为的线索。研究人员对巴西Araripe盆地下白垩统Romualdo组的66块化石进行了研究，这些化石收藏于Cariri大学古生物实验室（LPU）的古生物收藏中。所有标本都是在过去十年中在cafedas Antigas遗址（carato, cararato， Lameiro区）收集的，该地点暴露了层状碳酸盐，碳酸盐结核和Romualdo组的页岩，并产生了多种脊椎动物和植物遗骸。利用立体显微镜和形态计量学记录，我们根据先前建立的标准，根据末端形态（等极性和异极性）和总体轮廓，将标本分类为诊断形态。鉴定出5种形态，包括柱状（n = 16）、锥形（n = 5）、螺旋形（n = 3）、卵形（n = 14）和无定形/不规则（n = 2），以及26个不确定的标本。7件粪化石（10.6%）保存了与鱼骨和鱼鳞一致的表达性磷酸盐碎片，这增加了独立的技术证据，补充了硬骨鱼是主要生产者之一的身体化石证据。罕见的螺旋形式可能与具有螺旋阀的鱼有关。这些观察结果受到低比例的夹杂物和我们分析的描述性范围的限制。我们强调粪化石在重建营养相互作用方面的价值Konservat-Lagerstätte，并概述了未来工作的途径，以改进生产者鉴定和检测微内含物。

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引用次数: 0