T he Sahara Desert, a vast, seemingly empty land mass covered with sand or sand dunes with sparse, if any, scrub vegetation, covers an area of 9.4 × 106 km2 (3.63 × 106 mi2) (Abotalib et al. 2016). Sahara is a feminine name based on an Arabic word sahrā or “desert.” It extends from Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea Hills in the east, and from Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Sahel Zone in the south. Because of the arid climate, average annual precipitation of less than 5 mm (0.2 in) (New et al. 2000), and harsh environments, agriculture traditionally has been confined to specific areas called oases (small patches of vegetation fed by a spring and surrounded by desert). Thus, the African continent, where the Sahara Desert is located, is characterized by the familiar bleak statistics, such as 300 million people without access to safe drinking water and only 5% of arable land being irrigated (Tornhill 2012). Furthermore, prevalence of undernourishment in Africa (the percentage of the total population prone to lack of access to safe and healthy food) has been on the rise and was 44.4% in 2014, 49.7% in 2016, 51.3% in 2018, 52.4% in 2019, and 56.0% in 2020. Of this, prevalence of severe undernourishment (percentage of total population) was 16.7% in 2014, 19.2% in 2016, 19.3% in 2018, 31.9% in 2019, 32.2% in 2020, and 34.4% in 2021 (FAO et al. 2022).The problem of food insecurity is presumably aggravated by the current and projected increase in population, especially that of sub-Saharan Africa. The populations of Europe and North America combined (1.18 billion) and that of sub-Saharan Africa (1.2 billion) were similar in 2022. However, the rate of increase in population has been less than 1% in Europe and North America since the 1960s and is reaching the level of zero growth in 2020 and Rattan Lal is a distinguished university professor of soil science and is director of the CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Received January 6, 2023. 2021 (UN 2022). In comparison, the annual rate of population growth in subSaharan Africa peaked at 3% in 1978 and remained above 2.8% in the 1980s; it is now the region with the fastest growing population, which is projected to double by 2040 (UN 2022). Similar to the historic concerns about South Asia and China, there are many discouraging questions: Who will feed Africa? Can Africa feed itself? Are there enough natural resources to feed the growing population?” In the final analysis, it is Africa that will feed its population, and it has natural resources to do so (Muang and Andrews 2014). Instead, it is a question of when its policy makers will create environments (pro-nature, pro-farmers, pro-agriculture, and pro-innovations) that translate known science into action (World Bank 2012). It is precisely in this context that recent agricultural progress in the Sahara is an important indication that Africa has an abundance of water (even
撒哈拉沙漠是一个巨大的，看似空旷的土地，被沙子或沙丘覆盖，如果有的话，稀疏的灌木植被覆盖，面积为9.4 × 106平方公里(3.63 × 106平方英里)(Abotalib et al. 2016)。撒哈拉是一个女性名字，基于阿拉伯语sahrā or“沙漠”。它西起大西洋，东至红海丘陵，北起地中海，南至萨赫勒地区。由于干旱的气候，年平均降水量少于5毫米(0.2英寸)(New et al. 2000)，以及恶劣的环境，农业传统上被限制在称为绿洲的特定区域(由泉水喂养的小块植被，周围被沙漠包围)。因此，撒哈拉沙漠所在的非洲大陆的特点是熟悉的惨淡统计数据，例如3亿人无法获得安全饮用水，只有5%的可耕地得到灌溉(Tornhill 2012)。此外，非洲的食物不足发生率(易无法获得安全和健康食品的人口比例)一直在上升，2014年为44.4%，2016年为49.7%，2018年为51.3%，2019年为52.4%，2020年为56.0%。其中，严重营养不良发生率(占总人口的百分比)在2014年为16.7%，2016年为19.2%，2018年为19.3%，2019年为31.9%，2020年为32.2%，2021年为34.4%(粮农组织等人，2022年)。目前和预计的人口增长，特别是撒哈拉以南非洲的人口增长，可能会加剧粮食不安全问题。2022年，欧洲和北美的人口总和(11.8亿)和撒哈拉以南非洲的人口(12亿)相似。然而，自20世纪60年代以来，欧洲和北美的人口增长率不到1%，到2020年将达到零增长的水平。Rattan Lal是一位杰出的大学土壤科学教授，也是俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄州立大学CFAES Rattan Lal碳管理和封存中心的主任。收于2023年1月6日。2021年(非2022年)。相比之下，撒哈拉以南非洲的人口年增长率在1978年达到3%的峰值，并在20世纪80年代保持在2.8%以上;它现在是人口增长最快的地区，预计到2040年将翻一番(联合国2022年)。与历史上对南亚和中国的担忧类似，现在有许多令人沮丧的问题:谁来养活非洲?非洲能养活自己吗?有足够的自然资源来养活不断增长的人口吗?”在最后的分析中，非洲将养活其人口，它有自然资源这样做(Muang和Andrews 2014)。相反，问题在于决策者何时创造环境(亲自然、亲农民、亲农业、亲创新)，将已知的科学转化为行动(世界银行，2012年)。正是在这种背景下，撒哈拉沙漠最近的农业进展是一个重要的迹象，表明非洲拥有丰富的水资源(甚至在撒哈拉沙漠之下)，而且确实可以成为未来世界的粮仓。这篇文章的目的是描述一些最近的进展，促进集约化农业在撒哈拉沙漠基于水的保护和管理(滴灌施肥)从沙子下的浅层含水层。
{"title":"Agriculture in the North Western Sahara Aquifer System: A miracle in the making?","authors":"R. Lal","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0106A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0106A","url":null,"abstract":"T he Sahara Desert, a vast, seemingly empty land mass covered with sand or sand dunes with sparse, if any, scrub vegetation, covers an area of 9.4 × 106 km2 (3.63 × 106 mi2) (Abotalib et al. 2016). Sahara is a feminine name based on an Arabic word sahrā or “desert.” It extends from Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea Hills in the east, and from Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Sahel Zone in the south. Because of the arid climate, average annual precipitation of less than 5 mm (0.2 in) (New et al. 2000), and harsh environments, agriculture traditionally has been confined to specific areas called oases (small patches of vegetation fed by a spring and surrounded by desert). Thus, the African continent, where the Sahara Desert is located, is characterized by the familiar bleak statistics, such as 300 million people without access to safe drinking water and only 5% of arable land being irrigated (Tornhill 2012). Furthermore, prevalence of undernourishment in Africa (the percentage of the total population prone to lack of access to safe and healthy food) has been on the rise and was 44.4% in 2014, 49.7% in 2016, 51.3% in 2018, 52.4% in 2019, and 56.0% in 2020. Of this, prevalence of severe undernourishment (percentage of total population) was 16.7% in 2014, 19.2% in 2016, 19.3% in 2018, 31.9% in 2019, 32.2% in 2020, and 34.4% in 2021 (FAO et al. 2022).The problem of food insecurity is presumably aggravated by the current and projected increase in population, especially that of sub-Saharan Africa. The populations of Europe and North America combined (1.18 billion) and that of sub-Saharan Africa (1.2 billion) were similar in 2022. However, the rate of increase in population has been less than 1% in Europe and North America since the 1960s and is reaching the level of zero growth in 2020 and Rattan Lal is a distinguished university professor of soil science and is director of the CFAES Rattan Lal Center for Carbon Management and Sequestration, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Received January 6, 2023. 2021 (UN 2022). In comparison, the annual rate of population growth in subSaharan Africa peaked at 3% in 1978 and remained above 2.8% in the 1980s; it is now the region with the fastest growing population, which is projected to double by 2040 (UN 2022). Similar to the historic concerns about South Asia and China, there are many discouraging questions: Who will feed Africa? Can Africa feed itself? Are there enough natural resources to feed the growing population?” In the final analysis, it is Africa that will feed its population, and it has natural resources to do so (Muang and Andrews 2014). Instead, it is a question of when its policy makers will create environments (pro-nature, pro-farmers, pro-agriculture, and pro-innovations) that translate known science into action (World Bank 2012). It is precisely in this context that recent agricultural progress in the Sahara is an important indication that Africa has an abundance of water (even ","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"256 1","pages":"57A - 62A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82799650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongxu Zhou, A. Margenot, Wei Zheng, C. Wardropper, R. Cusick, R. Bhattarai
S ince the establishment of the US Hypoxia Task Force (HTF) in 1997, billions of dollars have been invested in Nutrient Reduction Strategy (NRS) implementation in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River basins (MARB) to reduce the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone size to less than 5,000 km2 (1,930 mi2) by 2035 (USEPA 2022). However, after 25 years of continuous efforts, substantial improvement in water quality has yet to be achieved. The largest hypoxic zone measured was 22,730 km2 (8,776 mi2) in 2017, more than four times the targeted goal (NOAA 2022). Farmers’ adoption of best management practices proposed by state NRS and collaboration among diverse stakeholders are vital to achieving the HTF goals because the majority of nutrient pollution is from agricultural sources (USEPA 2022; Robertson and Saad 2021). Therefore, reorienting the strategy to implement NRS more effectively and motivate farmers’ involvement has been a top priority at the scientific and policy levels. A circular nutrient economy encompasses responsible nutrient management practices for the reduction of nutrient losses and increased recovery of nutrients from waste streams for reuse in agricultural production. The concept is based on the principles of the circular economy, which seeks to decouple economic growth from resource consumption and environmental degradation. Some countries (e.g., Netherlands and Singapore) have been pioneers in implementing circular nutrient economy practices to close nutrient loops, such as the Phosphate Platform and Singapore's NEWater program. In this viewpoint, we suggest that a circular nutrient economy in the MARB could accelerate NRS implementation and achieve benefits beyond nutrient loss reduction. Hongxu Zhou is a graduate research assistant in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-00021746-8182). Andrew J. Margenot is an associate professor in the Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-0003-0185-8650). Wei Zheng is a principal research scientist at the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-0002-0307-0915). Chloe B. Wardropper is an assistant professor in the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-0002-0652-2315). Roland D. Cusick is an assistant professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 00000002-4037-2939). Rabin Bhattarai is an associate professor in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-0002-3433-299X). Received March 23, 2023. ADVANCING A CIRCULAR NUTRIENT ECONOMY COULD MOTIVATE NUTRIENT REDUCTION STRATEGY ADOPTION A significant empha
从系统的角度来看，回收流失的养分为更有效地共享和实施NRS提供了一个绝佳的机会，可以从养分的肥料价值中获得直接成本回收，并通过减少养分清理或破坏成本来实现间接成本回收。事实上，系统思维与个体农民采用覆盖作物有关(Church et al. 2020)。
{"title":"Advancing circular nutrient economy to achieve benefits beyond nutrient loss reduction in the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River basin","authors":"Hongxu Zhou, A. Margenot, Wei Zheng, C. Wardropper, R. Cusick, R. Bhattarai","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0323A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0323A","url":null,"abstract":"S ince the establishment of the US Hypoxia Task Force (HTF) in 1997, billions of dollars have been invested in Nutrient Reduction Strategy (NRS) implementation in the Mississippi and Atchafalaya River basins (MARB) to reduce the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone size to less than 5,000 km2 (1,930 mi2) by 2035 (USEPA 2022). However, after 25 years of continuous efforts, substantial improvement in water quality has yet to be achieved. The largest hypoxic zone measured was 22,730 km2 (8,776 mi2) in 2017, more than four times the targeted goal (NOAA 2022). Farmers’ adoption of best management practices proposed by state NRS and collaboration among diverse stakeholders are vital to achieving the HTF goals because the majority of nutrient pollution is from agricultural sources (USEPA 2022; Robertson and Saad 2021). Therefore, reorienting the strategy to implement NRS more effectively and motivate farmers’ involvement has been a top priority at the scientific and policy levels. A circular nutrient economy encompasses responsible nutrient management practices for the reduction of nutrient losses and increased recovery of nutrients from waste streams for reuse in agricultural production. The concept is based on the principles of the circular economy, which seeks to decouple economic growth from resource consumption and environmental degradation. Some countries (e.g., Netherlands and Singapore) have been pioneers in implementing circular nutrient economy practices to close nutrient loops, such as the Phosphate Platform and Singapore's NEWater program. In this viewpoint, we suggest that a circular nutrient economy in the MARB could accelerate NRS implementation and achieve benefits beyond nutrient loss reduction. Hongxu Zhou is a graduate research assistant in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-00021746-8182). Andrew J. Margenot is an associate professor in the Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-0003-0185-8650). Wei Zheng is a principal research scientist at the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-0002-0307-0915). Chloe B. Wardropper is an assistant professor in the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-0002-0652-2315). Roland D. Cusick is an assistant professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 00000002-4037-2939). Rabin Bhattarai is an associate professor in the Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois (ORCID: 0000-0002-3433-299X). Received March 23, 2023. ADVANCING A CIRCULAR NUTRIENT ECONOMY COULD MOTIVATE NUTRIENT REDUCTION STRATEGY ADOPTION A significant empha","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"40 1","pages":"82A - 84A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74817159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00015.2
Arti Ghabru, N. Rana, Meenakshi
{"title":"Effect of rhizobium on development, biomass accumulation and nodulation in Albizia procera seedlings from Himachal Pradesh","authors":"Arti Ghabru, N. Rana, Meenakshi","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00015.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00015.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75263182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00005.x
B. Sachan, N. Patel
{"title":"An analysis of resource conservation technology in improving farmer's livelihood: A case of micro irrigation system","authors":"B. Sachan, N. Patel","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00005.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00005.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"208 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80560400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salt-impacted soils are formed through anthropogenic or natural causes. In the northern Great Plains region of North America, salts that occur in the soil parent materials move upward through the soil profile due to changing land-use and precipitation regimes. If these salts accumulate in the surface soil layer, they impact the ecological integrity of a site, creating the need for ecological restoration. Common methods for addressing salt-impacted soil were developed in the irrigated soils of the southwestern United States and are often ineffective in noncrop areas and the northern Great Plains due to differences in soil properties, elevated gypsum concentrations, and poor soil drainage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify native plant species suited for revegetation in salt-impacted soils in the northern Great Plains region of North America. This field study evaluated the survival and performance of eight native plant species in soils with high, medium, or low salt concentrations. Survival was evaluated at summer and end-of-season sampling (five months total) and performance variables (plant height, basal diameter, number of flowering heads, number of tillers/stems, and aboveground biomass) were evaluated at end-of-season sampling. Seven of the eight species evaluated exhibited some salt tolerance and could be suitable for the revegetation of moderately salt-impacted soil. Overall, Asclepias speciosa, Gaillardia aristata, and Helianthus maximiliani grew in minimally salt-impacted soils, whereas Elymus canadensis, Elymus trachycaulus, and Pascopyrum smithii grew in moderately salt-impacted soils, and only Sporobolus airoides grew in highly salt-impacted soils. As these native plants establish and grow, they will spur autogenic recovery by stabilizing soil structure and improving water movement in the soil. These results indicate that salt tolerance must be considered when selecting species that could revegetate these areas.
{"title":"The good, the bad, the salty: Investigation of native plants for revegetation of salt-impacted soil in the northern Great Plains, United States","authors":"A.P. Blanchard, S.A. Clay, L.B. Perkins","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00022","url":null,"abstract":"Salt-impacted soils are formed through anthropogenic or natural causes. In the northern Great Plains region of North America, salts that occur in the soil parent materials move upward through the soil profile due to changing land-use and precipitation regimes. If these salts accumulate in the surface soil layer, they impact the ecological integrity of a site, creating the need for ecological restoration. Common methods for addressing salt-impacted soil were developed in the irrigated soils of the southwestern United States and are often ineffective in noncrop areas and the northern Great Plains due to differences in soil properties, elevated gypsum concentrations, and poor soil drainage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify native plant species suited for revegetation in salt-impacted soils in the northern Great Plains region of North America. This field study evaluated the survival and performance of eight native plant species in soils with high, medium, or low salt concentrations. Survival was evaluated at summer and end-of-season sampling (five months total) and performance variables (plant height, basal diameter, number of flowering heads, number of tillers/stems, and aboveground biomass) were evaluated at end-of-season sampling. Seven of the eight species evaluated exhibited some salt tolerance and could be suitable for the revegetation of moderately salt-impacted soil. Overall, <i>Asclepias speciosa, Gaillardia aristata</i>, and <i>Helianthus maximiliani</i> grew in minimally salt-impacted soils, whereas <i>Elymus canadensis, Elymus trachycaulus</i>, and <i>Pascopyrum smithii</i> grew in moderately salt-impacted soils, and only <i>Sporobolus airoides</i> grew in highly salt-impacted soils. As these native plants establish and grow, they will spur autogenic recovery by stabilizing soil structure and improving water movement in the soil. These results indicate that salt tolerance must be considered when selecting species that could revegetate these areas.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135711916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00011.5
K. D. Gharde, Y. Bisen, P. A. Gawande
{"title":"Impact assessment of farm ponds in Maan River Catchment-A case study","authors":"K. D. Gharde, Y. Bisen, P. A. Gawande","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00011.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00011.5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86132612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00003.6
N. Kalita, Samiran Dutta, K. N. Das, K. Kurmi, Dilip Kr. Patgiri
{"title":"Impact of different land uses on soil organic carbon stock in Karbi Anglong district of Assam, India","authors":"N. Kalita, Samiran Dutta, K. N. Das, K. Kurmi, Dilip Kr. Patgiri","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00003.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00003.6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80236578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Williams, S. Livingston, L. Duriancik, D. Flanagan, J. Frankenberger, R. Gillespie, Javier M. Gonzalez, Chi-Hua Huang, C. Penn, Douglas R Smith, C. Renschler
Lake Erie has a long and storied history with water quality impairment and conservation. Following the passing of the Clean Water Act in the 1970s, total phosphorus (P) loading to the lake substantially decreased through permitting of point sources and through conservation efforts to decrease sediment loss from agricultural fields. While total P losses to Lake Erie have remained relatively stable since the 1990s, dissolved P has increased and resulted in increases in the extent and severity of algal blooms over the past two decades (Smith et al. 2015b). Both agricultural industry and environmental quality are vital to local and regional economies. To achieve a balance between these important resources, there is a critical need to better understand the effect of agricultural practices on crop production and water quality in the national priority Lake Erie watershed.
伊利湖在水质损害和保护方面有着悠久而传奇的历史。随着20世纪70年代《清洁水法》的通过，通过允许点源和通过减少农田沉积物损失的保护措施，流入湖泊的总磷(P)大幅减少。虽然自20世纪90年代以来伊利湖的总磷损失保持相对稳定，但溶解磷增加，导致过去二十年来藻华的范围和严重程度增加(Smith et al. 2015b)。农业和环境质量对地方和区域经济都至关重要。为了实现这些重要资源之间的平衡，迫切需要更好地了解农业实践对国家重点伊利湖流域作物生产和水质的影响。
{"title":"Twenty years of conservation effects assessment in the St. Joseph River watershed, Indiana","authors":"M. Williams, S. Livingston, L. Duriancik, D. Flanagan, J. Frankenberger, R. Gillespie, Javier M. Gonzalez, Chi-Hua Huang, C. Penn, Douglas R Smith, C. Renschler","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.1204A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.1204A","url":null,"abstract":"Lake Erie has a long and storied history with water quality impairment and conservation. Following the passing of the Clean Water Act in the 1970s, total phosphorus (P) loading to the lake substantially decreased through permitting of point sources and through conservation efforts to decrease sediment loss from agricultural fields. While total P losses to Lake Erie have remained relatively stable since the 1990s, dissolved P has increased and resulted in increases in the extent and severity of algal blooms over the past two decades (Smith et al. 2015b). Both agricultural industry and environmental quality are vital to local and regional economies. To achieve a balance between these important resources, there is a critical need to better understand the effect of agricultural practices on crop production and water quality in the national priority Lake Erie watershed.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"1 1","pages":"12A - 19A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74711570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chloe B. Wardropper, Ken Genskow, Avery Lavoie, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, D. Franklin, Iowa. Emily Ames, Usher, J. Arbuckle, Doug Jackson-Smith, D. Franklin, E. Usher, A. Wilke, D. Jack-son-Smith, L. Prokopy, A. Rissman
To address the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico, US Mississippi River Basin (MRB) states have developed Nutrient Reduction Strategies (NRSs) following a framework outlined by a US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) memo in 2011. In this study, we documented the process of NRS formulation and implementation by states based on qualitative interviews with 34 policy actors involved with NRS development in seven Upper MRB states a decade after the NRS framework was introduced. Our objectives were to (1) describe and compare stakeholder perceptions of each state’s NRS policy stages; (2) identify common challenges, accomplishments, and innovations resulting from the NRSs; and (3) explore the role of the 2011 USEPA memo as a catalyst for nutrient reduction action. We found that the USEPA policy memo was generally acknowledged as a catalyst for initial planning, but most interviewees framed the policy problem primarily around concern for local waterways compared to the Gulf of Mexico as a motivation for sustained policy development and implementation. Multistakeholder forums were a commonly cited success of the NRS development processes. Implementation challenges included the voluntary nature of most options to address nonpoint source pollution and the scale of practice implementation needed to achieve goals. There were differences both within and among states with respect to the importance and effectiveness of one USEPA framework element—establishing numeric nutrient criteria.
{"title":"Policy process and problem framing for state Nutrient Reduction Strategies in the US Upper Mississippi River Basin","authors":"Chloe B. Wardropper, Ken Genskow, Avery Lavoie, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, D. Franklin, Iowa. Emily Ames, Usher, J. Arbuckle, Doug Jackson-Smith, D. Franklin, E. Usher, A. Wilke, D. Jack-son-Smith, L. Prokopy, A. Rissman","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00025","url":null,"abstract":"To address the hypoxic zone in the Gulf of Mexico, US Mississippi River Basin (MRB) states have developed Nutrient Reduction Strategies (NRSs) following a framework outlined by a US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) memo in 2011. In this study, we documented the process of NRS formulation and implementation by states based on qualitative interviews with 34 policy actors involved with NRS development in seven Upper MRB states a decade after the NRS framework was introduced. Our objectives were to (1) describe and compare stakeholder perceptions of each state’s NRS policy stages; (2) identify common challenges, accomplishments, and innovations resulting from the NRSs; and (3) explore the role of the 2011 USEPA memo as a catalyst for nutrient reduction action. We found that the USEPA policy memo was generally acknowledged as a catalyst for initial planning, but most interviewees framed the policy problem primarily around concern for local waterways compared to the Gulf of Mexico as a motivation for sustained policy development and implementation. Multistakeholder forums were a commonly cited success of the NRS development processes. Implementation challenges included the voluntary nature of most options to address nonpoint source pollution and the scale of practice implementation needed to achieve goals. There were differences both within and among states with respect to the importance and effectiveness of one USEPA framework element—establishing numeric nutrient criteria.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"54 1","pages":"70 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89295524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I am a soil scientist and my research experience is mainly in soil chemistry and fertility, and nutrient and pollutant transport in soils. Following my academic career, I worked 20 years at USDA as a national program leader (NPL) in the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, running research grant programs in soils, water, and watersheds, and then initiating the programs in carbon (C) cycle science, land use, and climate change in the context of environmental conservation and food security. As NPL, I also participated in international programs related to climate change and agriculture, again broadening my perspective of the issues and interconnectedness of the topics of soil and water conservation, biodiversity, food, health, and climate change. It also gave me the opportunity to hear many different points of view from the scientists from different countries.
{"title":"Global connections: A case for international perspectives","authors":"N. Cavallaro","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0216a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0216a","url":null,"abstract":"I am a soil scientist and my research experience is mainly in soil chemistry and fertility, and nutrient and pollutant transport in soils. Following my academic career, I worked 20 years at USDA as a national program leader (NPL) in the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, running research grant programs in soils, water, and watersheds, and then initiating the programs in carbon (C) cycle science, land use, and climate change in the context of environmental conservation and food security. As NPL, I also participated in international programs related to climate change and agriculture, again broadening my perspective of the issues and interconnectedness of the topics of soil and water conservation, biodiversity, food, health, and climate change. It also gave me the opportunity to hear many different points of view from the scientists from different countries.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"9 1","pages":"50A - 51A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83886094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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