J. Boardman, B. Evans, D. Favis-Mortlock, I. Foster, K. Vandaele
M any so-called new developments in soil erosion research are in fact “evolutionary” in character— they are built on research foundations established during past decades. We need look no further than Hugh Hammond Bennett’s (1939) Soil Conservation to realize that we stand on the shoulders of giants. However, the significance of concepts such as “connectivity” has changed as perspectives have shifted during the last 50 years, from the experimental plot and field to the catchment (Boardman et al. 2022). Also, increased technical expertise in computing, geographic information systems (GIS), and remote sensing has certainly opened new possibilities. In this short personal perspective, we aim to review new developments from a European viewpoint. We start by noting that soil erosion research in Europe is firmly rooted in geomorphology, in contrast to the mainly agronomic foundations of North American erosion research.
任何所谓的土壤侵蚀研究的新发展实际上都是“进化的”——它们建立在过去几十年建立的研究基础之上。只要看看休·哈蒙德·班尼特(Hugh Hammond Bennett, 1939)的《土壤保护》(Soil Conservation)，我们就会意识到，我们站在巨人的肩膀上。然而，“连通性”等概念的重要性在过去50年中随着视角的转变而发生了变化，从试验田和田野转移到集水区(Boardman et al. 2022)。此外，计算机、地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感方面技术专长的增加无疑开辟了新的可能性。在这个简短的个人观点中，我们的目标是从欧洲的角度来回顾新的发展。我们首先注意到，欧洲的土壤侵蚀研究牢牢扎根于地貌学，而北美的土壤侵蚀研究则主要以农艺为基础。
{"title":"Progress in soil erosion research: A European perspective","authors":"J. Boardman, B. Evans, D. Favis-Mortlock, I. Foster, K. Vandaele","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0223A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0223A","url":null,"abstract":"M any so-called new developments in soil erosion research are in fact “evolutionary” in character— they are built on research foundations established during past decades. We need look no further than Hugh Hammond Bennett’s (1939) Soil Conservation to realize that we stand on the shoulders of giants. However, the significance of concepts such as “connectivity” has changed as perspectives have shifted during the last 50 years, from the experimental plot and field to the catchment (Boardman et al. 2022). Also, increased technical expertise in computing, geographic information systems (GIS), and remote sensing has certainly opened new possibilities. In this short personal perspective, we aim to review new developments from a European viewpoint. We start by noting that soil erosion research in Europe is firmly rooted in geomorphology, in contrast to the mainly agronomic foundations of North American erosion research.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"14 1","pages":"69A - 74A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74215524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00009.7
Prashant Singh, A. Mishra, Smita Jaiswal, Love Kumar, Amit Kumar
{"title":"Comparison of the performances of SALTCALC and LEACHMOD models for simulating the drainage and soil salinity conditions","authors":"Prashant Singh, A. Mishra, Smita Jaiswal, Love Kumar, Amit Kumar","doi":"10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00009.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2455-7145.2023.00009.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75999908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O ne of the largest concentrations of acid sulfate soils in the world is found in the Vietnam Mekong River Delta, a large low-lying river plain scarcely above sea level, covering 1.6 million ha (4.0 million ac; figure 1) (van Mensvoort 1996; Vietnam Ministry of Agriculture 1978; Huu et al. 2022). Acid sulfate soils have high concentrations of aluminum (Al), sulfates (SO4 2–), and iron (Fe), and when drained produce sulfuric acid (H2SO4) that reduces soil pH below 4 (van Mensvoort 1996; Huu et al. 2022). These metals accumulate in the topsoil during the tropical dry season and are toxic to plant root growth and development and suppress yields making them some of the most difficult soils in which to grow agricultural crops. Yet, the Vietnam Mekong Delta produces 50% of Vietnam’s rice crop; 95% of rice exports; 65% of aquaculture production; 60% of exported fish; and 70% of the country’s fruit production (Loc et al. 2021). One of the keys to acid sulfate soil productivity is water-soil adaptive management that maintains crop-specific balance between reducing and oxidizing conditions in the plant rootzone at critical vegetative, bloom, and fruit development stages (Hanhart et al. 1997). More than 50 years ago vast areas of this delta were covered permanently by wetlands, brackish lagoons, tidal marshes, and mangrove forests. The prevailing winds of the southwest monsoon season brought predictable continuous heavy rains, a consistent 20-fold increase in Mekong River discharge and extensive prolonged flooding inundating lowlands for months (Adamson et al. 2009; Taylor 2014; Ngan et al. 2018). The monsoon is followed by a dry season when the rains stop and farmers adapt their cropping systems by growing flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in the wet season and digging ditches and canals to drain the floodwater and convey fresh water from the Mekong (Song Tien) Lois Wright Morton is professor emeritus of rural sociology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States. Nghia Khoi Nguyen is associate professor in soil and environmental microbiology, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam. M. Scott Demyan is associate professor of soil and environmental mineralogy, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States. Received March 21, 2023. and Bassac (Song Hau) rivers and their tributaries to their fields for dry season crop irrigation. A changing climate—sea level rise, a stronger and increasingly variable SW monsoon, and more frequent and prolonged drought (Adamson et al. 2009)—in concert with amplified tidal effects and saltwater intrusion reaching 50 to 130 km (31 to 81 mi) upstream into the main rivers since February of 2020 threaten freshwater resources (Loc et al. 2021; World Bank 2022). A growing population, land use decisions, saline soils, loss of mangrove coastal protection,
世界上酸性硫酸盐土壤浓度最高的地区之一是越南湄公河三角洲，这是一个几乎不高于海平面的大型低洼河流平原，占地160万公顷(400万英亩)。图1)(van Mensvoort 1996;越南农业部1978;Huu et al. 2022)。酸性硫酸盐土壤含有高浓度的铝(Al)、硫酸盐(SO4 2 -)和铁(Fe)，排干时会产生硫酸(H2SO4)，使土壤pH值降至4以下(van Mensvoort 1996;Huu et al. 2022)。这些金属在热带干旱季节积聚在表层土壤中，对植物根系的生长和发育有害，并抑制产量，使其成为最难种植农作物的土壤之一。然而，越南湄公河三角洲生产了越南50%的水稻作物;95%的大米出口;水产养殖产量的65%;60%的出口鱼类;占该国水果产量的70% (Loc等人，2021年)。酸性硫酸盐土壤生产力的关键之一是水-土壤适应性管理，在关键的营养、开花和果实发育阶段，维持植物根区还原性和氧化性条件之间的作物特异性平衡(Hanhart等人，1997)。50多年前，这个三角洲的大片地区被湿地、咸淡泻湖、潮汐沼泽和红树林永久覆盖。西南季风季节的盛行风带来了可预测的持续暴雨，湄公河流量持续增加20倍，洪水淹没低地数月(Adamson et al. 2009;泰勒2014年;Ngan et al. 2018)。季风过后是旱季，这时雨水停止，农民调整他们的种植制度，在雨季种植洪水水稻(Oryza sativa L.)品种，并挖掘沟渠和运河以排出洪水并从湄公河输送淡水(Song Tien)。Lois Wright Morton是美国爱荷华州艾姆斯市爱荷华州立大学农业与生命科学学院、社会与刑事司法系农村社会学名誉教授。Nghia Khoi Nguyen，越南芹苴市芹苴大学农学院土壤与环境微生物学副教授。M. Scott Demyan，美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄州立大学环境与自然资源学院土壤与环境矿物学副教授。收于2023年3月21日。和巴塞河(宋口河)及其支流到他们的田地用于旱季作物灌溉。不断变化的气候——海平面上升、更强且日益变化的西南季风、更频繁和更长时间的干旱(Adamson等人，2009年)——再加上潮汐效应的放大，以及自2020年2月以来流入主要河流上游50至130公里(31至81英里)的盐水入侵，威胁着淡水资源(Loc等人，2021年;世界银行(2022)。不断增长的人口、土地利用决策、盐碱地、红树林海岸保护丧失、湿地退化、上游水坝影响的水和沉积物流动动态以及河流沉积物的开采，都对三角洲农业继续提供丰富的食物和营养的能力构成挑战。图1越南湄公河三角洲盐碱地和酸性硫酸盐土壤地图。越南湄公河三角洲半岛的盐渍土壤以深紫色(沿海红树林土壤)和两种淡紫色为代表:强盐渍土壤和中度和轻度盐渍土壤(淡紫色)。酸性硫酸盐土壤以蓝色阴影表示，深蓝色的盐影响潜在的酸性硫酸盐土壤，其中盐水入侵到达淡水区域;中蓝色强酸性硫酸盐土壤;浅蓝色，中度和轻度硫酸盐土壤。冲积土(绿色)、灰色退化土和源自旧冲积土的灰色退化gleyic土(非常浅绿色)分布在湄公河主河和巴萨克河及其支流沿线。1:1,000,000规模。图片由越南农业部提供(1978年)。
{"title":"Salinity and acid sulfate soils of the Vietnam Mekong Delta: Agricultural management and adaptation","authors":"L. Morton, N. Nguyen, M. S. Demyan","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0321A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0321A","url":null,"abstract":"O ne of the largest concentrations of acid sulfate soils in the world is found in the Vietnam Mekong River Delta, a large low-lying river plain scarcely above sea level, covering 1.6 million ha (4.0 million ac; figure 1) (van Mensvoort 1996; Vietnam Ministry of Agriculture 1978; Huu et al. 2022). Acid sulfate soils have high concentrations of aluminum (Al), sulfates (SO4 2–), and iron (Fe), and when drained produce sulfuric acid (H2SO4) that reduces soil pH below 4 (van Mensvoort 1996; Huu et al. 2022). These metals accumulate in the topsoil during the tropical dry season and are toxic to plant root growth and development and suppress yields making them some of the most difficult soils in which to grow agricultural crops. Yet, the Vietnam Mekong Delta produces 50% of Vietnam’s rice crop; 95% of rice exports; 65% of aquaculture production; 60% of exported fish; and 70% of the country’s fruit production (Loc et al. 2021). One of the keys to acid sulfate soil productivity is water-soil adaptive management that maintains crop-specific balance between reducing and oxidizing conditions in the plant rootzone at critical vegetative, bloom, and fruit development stages (Hanhart et al. 1997). More than 50 years ago vast areas of this delta were covered permanently by wetlands, brackish lagoons, tidal marshes, and mangrove forests. The prevailing winds of the southwest monsoon season brought predictable continuous heavy rains, a consistent 20-fold increase in Mekong River discharge and extensive prolonged flooding inundating lowlands for months (Adamson et al. 2009; Taylor 2014; Ngan et al. 2018). The monsoon is followed by a dry season when the rains stop and farmers adapt their cropping systems by growing flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in the wet season and digging ditches and canals to drain the floodwater and convey fresh water from the Mekong (Song Tien) Lois Wright Morton is professor emeritus of rural sociology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States. Nghia Khoi Nguyen is associate professor in soil and environmental microbiology, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam. M. Scott Demyan is associate professor of soil and environmental mineralogy, School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States. Received March 21, 2023. and Bassac (Song Hau) rivers and their tributaries to their fields for dry season crop irrigation. A changing climate—sea level rise, a stronger and increasingly variable SW monsoon, and more frequent and prolonged drought (Adamson et al. 2009)—in concert with amplified tidal effects and saltwater intrusion reaching 50 to 130 km (31 to 81 mi) upstream into the main rivers since February of 2020 threaten freshwater resources (Loc et al. 2021; World Bank 2022). A growing population, land use decisions, saline soils, loss of mangrove coastal protection, ","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"66 1","pages":"85A - 92A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76287142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J.C. Barnes, A.A. Dayer, A.R. Gramza, M. Sketch, A.M. Dwyer, R. Iovanna
The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the largest private lands conservation program in the United States, has contributed substantially to the health of soil, water, and wildlife of the grasslands in the Great Plains of North America. However, the program’s limited-term contracts offer no guarantee that the vegetation and associated environmental benefits produced by the program will endure when landowners are no longer enrolled. Through a survey of landowners in the southern Great Plains with current or expired CRP contracts, this study explored the role of five pathways previously linked to behavioral persistence—cognitions, motivations, resources, social influences, and behavioral inertia—in grassland persistence after participation in CRP ends. Among landowners with current CRP contracts, intentions to persist with grassland in the future were correlated with positive program experiences, the perceived ease and desirability of keeping their CRP field in grass, and intrinsic motivations to improve the beauty of their field or its value for wildlife or livestock. Reported grassland persistence among landowners with expired CRP contracts was additionally correlated with motivations to improve their field’s soil and water conditions and the availability of natural and material resources. Across both landowner groups, grassland persistence was negatively associated with the importance of financial motivations in landowners’ decision-making and positively associated with normative influences related to how others manage former CRP land in the area. These insights into the drivers of postprogram landowner behavior provide support for the role of cognitive, motivational, social, resource, and behavioral pathways in the durability of grasslands established through CRP and open multiple programmatic and policy opportunities for promoting enduring benefits for the land, people, and wildlife of the Great Plains.
{"title":"Pathways to conservation persistence: Psychosocial drivers of durable grasslands following the Conservation Reserve Program","authors":"J.C. Barnes, A.A. Dayer, A.R. Gramza, M. Sketch, A.M. Dwyer, R. Iovanna","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00215","url":null,"abstract":"The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the largest private lands conservation program in the United States, has contributed substantially to the health of soil, water, and wildlife of the grasslands in the Great Plains of North America. However, the program’s limited-term contracts offer no guarantee that the vegetation and associated environmental benefits produced by the program will endure when landowners are no longer enrolled. Through a survey of landowners in the southern Great Plains with current or expired CRP contracts, this study explored the role of five pathways previously linked to behavioral persistence—cognitions, motivations, resources, social influences, and behavioral inertia—in grassland persistence after participation in CRP ends. Among landowners with current CRP contracts, intentions to persist with grassland in the future were correlated with positive program experiences, the perceived ease and desirability of keeping their CRP field in grass, and intrinsic motivations to improve the beauty of their field or its value for wildlife or livestock. Reported grassland persistence among landowners with expired CRP contracts was additionally correlated with motivations to improve their field’s soil and water conditions and the availability of natural and material resources. Across both landowner groups, grassland persistence was negatively associated with the importance of financial motivations in landowners’ decision-making and positively associated with normative influences related to how others manage former CRP land in the area. These insights into the drivers of postprogram landowner behavior provide support for the role of cognitive, motivational, social, resource, and behavioral pathways in the durability of grasslands established through CRP and open multiple programmatic and policy opportunities for promoting enduring benefits for the land, people, and wildlife of the Great Plains.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135711577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change will be the most consequential challenge to the global society and especially to agriculture in the coming decades. However, what does climate change have to do with environmental justice (EJ)? Is not EJ supposed to be about protecting disadvantaged communities from toxic chemicals?
{"title":"Environmental justice, climate change, and agriculture","authors":"A. Manale","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0912A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0912A","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change will be the most consequential challenge to the global society and especially to agriculture in the coming decades. However, what does climate change have to do with environmental justice (EJ)? Is not EJ supposed to be about protecting disadvantaged communities from toxic chemicals?","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"86 1","pages":"45A - 49A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73393897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to intense droughts and water shortages, soil water deficit limits agricultural production in arid and semiarid areas, such as China’s Loess Plateau region. Yet the effects of different cover crops on soil water in these areas have received insufficient attention. This study was conducted in the Weibei rainfed highland to investigate soil water potential dynamics in an agroforestry ecosystem comprising winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and apple (Malus domestica) trees over the apple growth period (March to September of 2020). Soil water characteristic curves (SWCCs) of cropland topsoil (0 to 40 cm), orchard topsoil (0 to 40 cm), dark loessial subsoil (40 to 80 cm), and loess parent material (80 to 150 cm) were determined using the centrifuge method and water vapor equilibrium method. The van Genuchten model was used to fit SWCCs and then convert volumetric soil water content monitored in field plots to soil water potential. A quantitative analysis was conducted to evaluate soil water stress in wheat croplands and apple orchards. The model performed well in fitting SWCCs for all tested soils, yielding a robust accuracy (R2 > 0.96). Compared to apple trees, wheat was more threatened by drought. From mid-March to early July, the 0 to 100 cm soil layers of croplands all exhibited high water stress with matric suction pF > 3.98, and unavailable water occurred in the 0 to 20 cm and 0 to 80 cm soil layers in late March to late April and mid-May to mid-July, respectively. Drought threat in apple orchards increased with an increase in tree age. In young orchards (<10 y), high water stress was found only in surface soil layers (0 to 20 cm) in mid-March to late April and late May to early July, which spread to a depth of 70 cm in early June to early July. In mature orchards (10 to 20 y), high water stress was similarly observed in the surface soil layers in mid-March to early May and late May to early July, which extended to the 80 cm depth in late May to early July. In old orchards (>20 y), high water stress initially emerged in the surface soil layers in early April to mid-April and then reached the 70 cm depth in late May to mid-July, whereas unavailable water occurred in the 0 to 60 cm soil layers in mid-June to mid-July. The results indicated that soil water stress zones with low water potential were formed intermittently at different soil depths of apple orchards depending on tree age and growth stage. However, compared to wheat croplands, apple orchards were less influenced by drought stress, so that converting croplands to orchards could alleviate drought threats in the Weibei area.
{"title":"Analysis of soil water potential characteristics of wheat croplands and apple orchards in an agroforestry ecosystem based on the van Genuchten model","authors":"L. Zhang, Y. Wang","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00038","url":null,"abstract":"Due to intense droughts and water shortages, soil water deficit limits agricultural production in arid and semiarid areas, such as China’s Loess Plateau region. Yet the effects of different cover crops on soil water in these areas have received insufficient attention. This study was conducted in the Weibei rainfed highland to investigate soil water potential dynamics in an agroforestry ecosystem comprising winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and apple (Malus domestica) trees over the apple growth period (March to September of 2020). Soil water characteristic curves (SWCCs) of cropland topsoil (0 to 40 cm), orchard topsoil (0 to 40 cm), dark loessial subsoil (40 to 80 cm), and loess parent material (80 to 150 cm) were determined using the centrifuge method and water vapor equilibrium method. The van Genuchten model was used to fit SWCCs and then convert volumetric soil water content monitored in field plots to soil water potential. A quantitative analysis was conducted to evaluate soil water stress in wheat croplands and apple orchards. The model performed well in fitting SWCCs for all tested soils, yielding a robust accuracy (R2 > 0.96). Compared to apple trees, wheat was more threatened by drought. From mid-March to early July, the 0 to 100 cm soil layers of croplands all exhibited high water stress with matric suction pF > 3.98, and unavailable water occurred in the 0 to 20 cm and 0 to 80 cm soil layers in late March to late April and mid-May to mid-July, respectively. Drought threat in apple orchards increased with an increase in tree age. In young orchards (<10 y), high water stress was found only in surface soil layers (0 to 20 cm) in mid-March to late April and late May to early July, which spread to a depth of 70 cm in early June to early July. In mature orchards (10 to 20 y), high water stress was similarly observed in the surface soil layers in mid-March to early May and late May to early July, which extended to the 80 cm depth in late May to early July. In old orchards (>20 y), high water stress initially emerged in the surface soil layers in early April to mid-April and then reached the 70 cm depth in late May to mid-July, whereas unavailable water occurred in the 0 to 60 cm soil layers in mid-June to mid-July. The results indicated that soil water stress zones with low water potential were formed intermittently at different soil depths of apple orchards depending on tree age and growth stage. However, compared to wheat croplands, apple orchards were less influenced by drought stress, so that converting croplands to orchards could alleviate drought threats in the Weibei area.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"42 1","pages":"33 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86549907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Kissel, J. Gaskin, Miguel L. Cabrera, Bert R. Bock, Rattan Lal
{"title":"Agriculture as part of the solution to climate change: Incentivizing the adoption of no-till and cover crops","authors":"D. Kissel, J. Gaskin, Miguel L. Cabrera, Bert R. Bock, Rattan Lal","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0620a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0620a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"5 1","pages":"103A - 104A"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87312060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffrey E. Herrick, Jonathan M. Maynard, Brandon T. Bestelmeyer, Chelsea J. Carey, Shawn W. Salley, Keith Shepherd, Zachary P. Stewart, Skye A. Wills, Feras M. Ziadat
{"title":"Practical guidance for deciding whether to account for soil variability when managing for land health, agricultural production, and climate resilience","authors":"Jeffrey E. Herrick, Jonathan M. Maynard, Brandon T. Bestelmeyer, Chelsea J. Carey, Shawn W. Salley, Keith Shepherd, Zachary P. Stewart, Skye A. Wills, Feras M. Ziadat","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.0706a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.0706a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135712565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 4R Plus approach to agricultural nutrient management—ensuring that the “right source” of nutrients is used at the “right rate,” “right time,” in the “right place,” and combined with appropriate in-field and edge-of-field practices—is posited to lead to win-win outcomes for farmers and the environment. While industry and conservation organizations are promoting the approach, farmers have not yet adopted 4R Plus practices at rates sufficient to meet the state’s nutrient reduction goals. We employed multilevel modeling with survey data from 6,006 Iowa farmers to examine the complex relationships among individual- and county-level social, economic, and ecological factors associated with 4R Plus practice adoption. We found that adoption was associated with clusters of factors at both the individual and county levels. At the individual level, the variable crop area was positively associated with predicting use of all 4R Plus practices except Right Rate. Farmers’ perceived lack of agronomic capacity to address nutrient losses was negatively associated with use of all 4R Plus practices but the Right Source. At the county level, farmers in counties with a higher percentage of rented land were less likely to have adopted Right Time, Right Source, and Edge-of-Field practices. Those farming in counties with a greater average slope were more likely to adopt Plus practices, such as cover crops and terraces. County-level crop insurance coverage rate was negatively associated with In-Field and Edge-of-Field Plus practices. Overall, this study provides quantitative support for qualitative studies that call for conservation programs to simultaneously address factors operating at multiple scales to improve outcomes. Programs that combine local, direct assistance to farmers with broader efforts to remove structural barriers may be more likely to be effective at facilitating conservation adoption than those operating at one scale alone. Specific to 4R Plus programming, efforts that simultaneously help farmers address farm-level capacity barriers and improve policies and programs (e.g., crop insurance) to ensure encouragement rather than hindrance of practice adoption would likely lead to better environmental outcomes.
{"title":"Individual- and county-level factors associated with farmers’ use of 4R Plus nutrient management practices","authors":"J. G. Arbuckle, Lisa A. Schulte, S. Upadhaya","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00002","url":null,"abstract":"The 4R Plus approach to agricultural nutrient management—ensuring that the “right source” of nutrients is used at the “right rate,” “right time,” in the “right place,” and combined with appropriate in-field and edge-of-field practices—is posited to lead to win-win outcomes for farmers and the environment. While industry and conservation organizations are promoting the approach, farmers have not yet adopted 4R Plus practices at rates sufficient to meet the state’s nutrient reduction goals. We employed multilevel modeling with survey data from 6,006 Iowa farmers to examine the complex relationships among individual- and county-level social, economic, and ecological factors associated with 4R Plus practice adoption. We found that adoption was associated with clusters of factors at both the individual and county levels. At the individual level, the variable crop area was positively associated with predicting use of all 4R Plus practices except Right Rate. Farmers’ perceived lack of agronomic capacity to address nutrient losses was negatively associated with use of all 4R Plus practices but the Right Source. At the county level, farmers in counties with a higher percentage of rented land were less likely to have adopted Right Time, Right Source, and Edge-of-Field practices. Those farming in counties with a greater average slope were more likely to adopt Plus practices, such as cover crops and terraces. County-level crop insurance coverage rate was negatively associated with In-Field and Edge-of-Field Plus practices. Overall, this study provides quantitative support for qualitative studies that call for conservation programs to simultaneously address factors operating at multiple scales to improve outcomes. Programs that combine local, direct assistance to farmers with broader efforts to remove structural barriers may be more likely to be effective at facilitating conservation adoption than those operating at one scale alone. Specific to 4R Plus programming, efforts that simultaneously help farmers address farm-level capacity barriers and improve policies and programs (e.g., crop insurance) to ensure encouragement rather than hindrance of practice adoption would likely lead to better environmental outcomes.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"47 1","pages":"412 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83251042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Moore, D. Manter, M. Bowman, M. Hunter, E. Bruner, S. McClelland
The US agricultural sector is proposed as one opportunity to contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions—reductions that are needed to limit atmospheric warming to be more in line with the US Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement. Improved management of agricultural soils can both mitigate GHG emissions and increase carbon (C) sequestration, but disagreement exists regarding what levels of adoption are possible and to what extent they may mitigate net GHG emissions. In this paper, we provide a framework for setting reasonable, short-term conservation practice adoption targets and quantifying the associated net emissions reductions. Our framework was constructed using USDA-based publicly available inventory data and mitigation potentials from the COMET-Planner tool scaled to nine farm resource regions. The framework includes 2017 levels of conservation practice adoption and two 10-year growth scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU) and accelerated adoption rates. We evaluated six cropland management practices and practices associated with Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) establishment. Based on existing (2017) census data, we estimated that 134.2 million tonnes (Mt) carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) per year have been or continue to be reduced through the adoption of conservation management practices on a cumulative total of 133.5 million hectares (Mha) of cropland. Under the BAU scenario, we estimated an additional 6.2 Mha y−1 of adoption could result in a reduction potential of 48.7 Mt CO2e y−1. Under the accelerated scenario, we estimated an additional 13.1 Mha y−1 of adoption could result in a reduction potential of 118.5 Mt of CO2e y−1 over the next 10 years. This framework highlights three key outcomes: (1) agriculture has had a substantial impact on GHG mitigation through existing/historical adoption of six cropland management practices and conversion of lands to the CRP; (2) these shifts in adoption provide an important baseline to make future projections of changes in practice adoption given regional trends and the resulting GHG mitigation potentials; and (3) disaggregating national estimates to the farm resource region level can help to inform and prioritize programs and policies consistent with existing climate goals. Estimates reported here reflect the current state of national modeling efforts and agricultural inventory sources. As new data such as the pending 2022 Ag Census report and model enhancements are made, the framework we outline here can be used to revise and update the estimates to improve accuracy and applicability.
美国农业部门被提议为减少温室气体(GHG)排放做出贡献的一个机会——减少温室气体排放是限制大气变暖所必需的，以更符合美国对《巴黎协定》的国家自主贡献。改善农业土壤管理既可以减少温室气体排放，又可以增加碳(C)固存，但在可能采用何种水平以及在多大程度上可以减少温室气体净排放方面存在分歧。在本文中，我们提供了一个框架，以制定合理的，短期的保护实践采用目标和量化相关的净减排。我们的框架是使用基于美国农业部的公开库存数据和COMET-Planner工具的缓解潜力构建的，该工具扩展到9个农场资源区域。该框架包括2017年的保护实践采用水平和两个10年增长情景:一切照旧(BAU)和加速采用率。我们评估了6种与保护保护区计划(CRP)建立相关的农田管理实践。根据现有的(2017年)普查数据，我们估计，通过采取保护管理措施，每年已经或继续减少1.342亿吨二氧化碳当量(CO2e)，累计总数为1.335亿公顷(Mha)农田。在BAU情景下，我们估计额外的6.2 Mha / y - 1的采用可能导致4870 Mha / y - 1二氧化碳当量的减少潜力。在加速情景下，我们估计，在未来10年内，额外采用13.1 Mha y - 1可能导致减少1.185 mmt CO2e y - 1的潜力。该框架强调了三个关键成果:(1)通过现有/历史上采用的六种农田管理做法和将土地转为CRP，农业对温室气体减排产生了重大影响;(2)在考虑区域趋势和由此产生的温室气体减缓潜力的情况下，这些采用情况的变化为今后预测实践采用情况的变化提供了重要的基线;(3)将国家估计分解到农业资源区域水平，有助于为符合现有气候目标的计划和政策提供信息并确定优先次序。这里报告的估计数反映了国家建模工作和农业库存来源的现状。随着新数据(如即将发布的2022年农业人口普查报告和模型增强)的出现，我们在这里概述的框架可用于修改和更新估算，以提高准确性和适用性。
{"title":"A framework to estimate climate mitigation potential for US cropland using publicly available data","authors":"J. Moore, D. Manter, M. Bowman, M. Hunter, E. Bruner, S. McClelland","doi":"10.2489/jswc.2023.00132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.2023.00132","url":null,"abstract":"The US agricultural sector is proposed as one opportunity to contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions—reductions that are needed to limit atmospheric warming to be more in line with the US Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement. Improved management of agricultural soils can both mitigate GHG emissions and increase carbon (C) sequestration, but disagreement exists regarding what levels of adoption are possible and to what extent they may mitigate net GHG emissions. In this paper, we provide a framework for setting reasonable, short-term conservation practice adoption targets and quantifying the associated net emissions reductions. Our framework was constructed using USDA-based publicly available inventory data and mitigation potentials from the COMET-Planner tool scaled to nine farm resource regions. The framework includes 2017 levels of conservation practice adoption and two 10-year growth scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU) and accelerated adoption rates. We evaluated six cropland management practices and practices associated with Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) establishment. Based on existing (2017) census data, we estimated that 134.2 million tonnes (Mt) carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) per year have been or continue to be reduced through the adoption of conservation management practices on a cumulative total of 133.5 million hectares (Mha) of cropland. Under the BAU scenario, we estimated an additional 6.2 Mha y−1 of adoption could result in a reduction potential of 48.7 Mt CO2e y−1. Under the accelerated scenario, we estimated an additional 13.1 Mha y−1 of adoption could result in a reduction potential of 118.5 Mt of CO2e y−1 over the next 10 years. This framework highlights three key outcomes: (1) agriculture has had a substantial impact on GHG mitigation through existing/historical adoption of six cropland management practices and conversion of lands to the CRP; (2) these shifts in adoption provide an important baseline to make future projections of changes in practice adoption given regional trends and the resulting GHG mitigation potentials; and (3) disaggregating national estimates to the farm resource region level can help to inform and prioritize programs and policies consistent with existing climate goals. Estimates reported here reflect the current state of national modeling efforts and agricultural inventory sources. As new data such as the pending 2022 Ag Census report and model enhancements are made, the framework we outline here can be used to revise and update the estimates to improve accuracy and applicability.","PeriodicalId":50049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","volume":"28 1","pages":"193 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79270016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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