Robert J. Davidson, Garry J. Scrimgeour, Laura A. Richards, David Locky
{"title":"Multi-Spatial and Temporal Assessments of Impacts and Recovery of Epibenthic Species and Habitats Under Mussel Farms in the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand","authors":"Robert J. Davidson, Garry J. Scrimgeour, Laura A. Richards, David Locky","doi":"10.2983/035.043.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2983/035.043.0102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shellfish Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyunjun Lee, Bong Ki Park, Kwang-Sik Choi, Nobuhisa Kajino, Seoyeoung Kim, Wan-Ok Lee, Changsun Choi, Jihyun Lee
{"title":"Determination of the Tetramine Distribution in Marine Gastropods in Korea","authors":"Hyunjun Lee, Bong Ki Park, Kwang-Sik Choi, Nobuhisa Kajino, Seoyeoung Kim, Wan-Ok Lee, Changsun Choi, Jihyun Lee","doi":"10.2983/035.043.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2983/035.043.0109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shellfish Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT The age and growth of northern quahogs Mercenaria mercenaria (=hard clam) from inner Tokyo Bay, central Japan, were investigated by observing the annuli in their hinge teeth. The ages in the shallow and deep areas are 2–9+ and 1–13+, respectively. Significant differences in growth between clams found in the shallow and deep areas were detected. The growth coefficient and shell length of clams of a particular age in the shallow area were greater than those in the deep areas. Northern quahogs in both shallow and deep areas were confirmed to spawn around summer. A larger gonadosomatic index and a higher proportion of spawning individuals were found in shallow areas. These results indicate that shallow habitats provide enhanced conditions for somatic development in northern quahogs in this region.
{"title":"Age and Growth of the Northern Quahog Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) between Neighboring Habitats in Tokyo Bay, Japan","authors":"Satoshi Katayama, Yutaka Kobayashi, Toshihiro Hayashi, Mitsuhiro Ishii","doi":"10.2983/035.042.0302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2983/035.042.0302","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The age and growth of northern quahogs Mercenaria mercenaria (=hard clam) from inner Tokyo Bay, central Japan, were investigated by observing the annuli in their hinge teeth. The ages in the shallow and deep areas are 2–9+ and 1–13+, respectively. Significant differences in growth between clams found in the shallow and deep areas were detected. The growth coefficient and shell length of clams of a particular age in the shallow area were greater than those in the deep areas. Northern quahogs in both shallow and deep areas were confirmed to spawn around summer. A larger gonadosomatic index and a higher proportion of spawning individuals were found in shallow areas. These results indicate that shallow habitats provide enhanced conditions for somatic development in northern quahogs in this region.","PeriodicalId":50053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shellfish Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Memoriam Robert M. Ingle 1917–1997","authors":"Stephen P. Geiger","doi":"10.2983/035.042.0301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2983/035.042.0301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shellfish Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Populations of bay scallops (Argopecten irradians concentricus) in North Carolina (NC) declined precipitously following harmful algal blooms in the late 1980s and have struggled to recover. Following these harmful algal blooms, there was an increase in the frequency and magnitude of hurricanes and tropical cyclones in the 1990s, and a >30% loss of seagrass between 2006 and 2020 that further impacted the bay scallop populations. The last assessment of scallop density and distribution in multiple sounds in NC was performed in response to a 1987 red tide event. In the present study, 510 visual surveys of bay scallop densities and sizes in seagrass beds in southern Core Sound, Back Sound, and Bogue Sound, NC were conducted from May–November 2022. The mean scallop densities were 0.54/m2 in Core Sound, 0.26/m2 in Back Sound, and 0.19/m2 in Bogue Sound. Using the healthy population density limits of bay scallops from Florida and New York to Massachusetts, a healthy density threshold of >1.0 spawning adult scallops/m2 for NC was estimated. There was a positive relationship between seagrass density and scallop density, and as seagrass density decreased in the fall, scallop density also decreased. Bay scallops increased in size from May to August. In the fall there was a decline in the mean size as new recruits were added and a die-off of the adults occurred. Water quality appeared suitable to support healthy scallop populations at all sounds, consistent with previous observations in this system and others. The temporal scale of water quality sampling was not adequate to record short-term freshets that may have impacted scallop density. The information from this study can update the status of the bay scallop population in NC sounds, as well as inform management for the purpose of sustainable harvest or restoration.
{"title":"Patterns and Processes Underlying Spatiotemporal Variation in Bay Scallop (Argopecten irradians concentricus) Density and Size Structure within Three North Carolina Sounds","authors":"Melissa E. Lacroce, David B. Eggleston","doi":"10.2983/035.042.0306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2983/035.042.0306","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Populations of bay scallops (Argopecten irradians concentricus) in North Carolina (NC) declined precipitously following harmful algal blooms in the late 1980s and have struggled to recover. Following these harmful algal blooms, there was an increase in the frequency and magnitude of hurricanes and tropical cyclones in the 1990s, and a >30% loss of seagrass between 2006 and 2020 that further impacted the bay scallop populations. The last assessment of scallop density and distribution in multiple sounds in NC was performed in response to a 1987 red tide event. In the present study, 510 visual surveys of bay scallop densities and sizes in seagrass beds in southern Core Sound, Back Sound, and Bogue Sound, NC were conducted from May–November 2022. The mean scallop densities were 0.54/m2 in Core Sound, 0.26/m2 in Back Sound, and 0.19/m2 in Bogue Sound. Using the healthy population density limits of bay scallops from Florida and New York to Massachusetts, a healthy density threshold of >1.0 spawning adult scallops/m2 for NC was estimated. There was a positive relationship between seagrass density and scallop density, and as seagrass density decreased in the fall, scallop density also decreased. Bay scallops increased in size from May to August. In the fall there was a decline in the mean size as new recruits were added and a die-off of the adults occurred. Water quality appeared suitable to support healthy scallop populations at all sounds, consistent with previous observations in this system and others. The temporal scale of water quality sampling was not adequate to record short-term freshets that may have impacted scallop density. The information from this study can update the status of the bay scallop population in NC sounds, as well as inform management for the purpose of sustainable harvest or restoration.","PeriodicalId":50053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shellfish Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristen M. Gruenthal, Anita C Kroska, Nathan Wolf, Bradley P. Harris, Michael D. Booz
ABSTRACT Beaches along Cook Inlet, AK, historically supported commercial, sport, and personal use fisheries for the Pacific razor clam (Siliqua patula). In 2015, east Cook Inlet beaches were closed to sport and personal use harvests, however, due to low abundances of adult clams with concomitant decreases in average length and percentages of large-sized razor clams. Meanwhile, razor clams in west Cook Inlet have not experienced the same decline, and west Cook Inlet beaches remain open to harvest. The universality of the trends in east Cook Inlet suggests post-settlement mortality as a primary driver, but changes in source-sink population dynamics or oceanographic processes may also differentially influence productivity. Given the differences in productivity between east- and west-side beaches, a key question is the degree to which razor clams around Cook Inlet are genetically connected. To answer this question, RAD-seq was used to discover and successfully genotype 44,040 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 37–48 razor clams collected from 11 sites around Cook Inlet and one site on the Alaska Peninsula. Pairwise FST estimates indicated a lack of neutral population genetic structure across the sampled range, with no evidence of genetic isolation among samples, between east and west Cook Inlet, or between 2 y classes with sufficient sample sizes, and less than 0.1% of loci were deemed F ST outliers. Despite the lack of neutral and putatively adaptive variation, these results provide insights into the biological and ecological processes that may influence dispersal, recruitment, and stock productivity among Cook Inlet razor clam aggregations. Moreover, the knowledge gathered can assist resource managers in evaluating harvest strategies for Cook Inlet sport and commercial razor clam fisheries and provides information salient to abundance and demographic survey design.
摘要 明尼苏达州库克湾沿岸的海滩历来支持太平洋蛏子（Siliqua patula）的商业、体育和自用渔业。然而，由于成蛤数量较少，平均长度和大尺寸蛏子的比例也随之下降，2015年，东库克湾海滩禁止体育和个人捕捞。与此同时，库克湾西部的蛏子并没有经历同样的衰退，库克湾西部的海滩仍然开放采捕。东库克湾趋势的普遍性表明，定居后的死亡率是主要驱动因素，但源-汇种群动态或海洋过程的变化也可能对生产力产生不同程度的影响。鉴于东西两侧海滩的生产力存在差异，一个关键问题是库克湾周围的蛏子在多大程度上存在基因联系。为了回答这个问题，研究人员利用 RAD-seq 发现了从库克湾周围 11 个地点和阿拉斯加半岛一个地点采集的 37-48 个蛏子中的 44,040 个单核苷酸多态性，并成功地对其进行了基因分型。成对 FST 估计结果表明，在整个采样范围内缺乏中性种群遗传结构，没有证据表明样本之间、库克湾东西部之间或样本量足够大的两个 y 级之间存在遗传隔离，只有不到 0.1% 的位点被认为是 F ST 异常值。尽管缺乏中性变异和假定的适应性变异，但这些结果提供了对可能影响库克湾蛏群的扩散、招募和种群生产力的生物和生态过程的见解。此外，收集到的知识可以帮助资源管理者评估库克湾体育和商业蛏子渔业的捕捞策略，并为丰度和人口调查设计提供重要信息。
{"title":"High Spatiotemporal Genetic Connectivity in the Pacific Razor Clam (Siliqua patula) throughout Cook Inlet, Alaska","authors":"Kristen M. Gruenthal, Anita C Kroska, Nathan Wolf, Bradley P. Harris, Michael D. Booz","doi":"10.2983/035.042.0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2983/035.042.0304","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Beaches along Cook Inlet, AK, historically supported commercial, sport, and personal use fisheries for the Pacific razor clam (Siliqua patula). In 2015, east Cook Inlet beaches were closed to sport and personal use harvests, however, due to low abundances of adult clams with concomitant decreases in average length and percentages of large-sized razor clams. Meanwhile, razor clams in west Cook Inlet have not experienced the same decline, and west Cook Inlet beaches remain open to harvest. The universality of the trends in east Cook Inlet suggests post-settlement mortality as a primary driver, but changes in source-sink population dynamics or oceanographic processes may also differentially influence productivity. Given the differences in productivity between east- and west-side beaches, a key question is the degree to which razor clams around Cook Inlet are genetically connected. To answer this question, RAD-seq was used to discover and successfully genotype 44,040 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 37–48 razor clams collected from 11 sites around Cook Inlet and one site on the Alaska Peninsula. Pairwise FST estimates indicated a lack of neutral population genetic structure across the sampled range, with no evidence of genetic isolation among samples, between east and west Cook Inlet, or between 2 y classes with sufficient sample sizes, and less than 0.1% of loci were deemed F ST outliers. Despite the lack of neutral and putatively adaptive variation, these results provide insights into the biological and ecological processes that may influence dispersal, recruitment, and stock productivity among Cook Inlet razor clam aggregations. Moreover, the knowledge gathered can assist resource managers in evaluating harvest strategies for Cook Inlet sport and commercial razor clam fisheries and provides information salient to abundance and demographic survey design.","PeriodicalId":50053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shellfish Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James C. Klein, Eric N. Powell, Danielle A. Kreeger, K. Ashton-Alcox, David Bushek, Xiaodong Zhang, Roger L. Thomas, J. Klinck, E. Hofmann
ABSTRACT Oyster population maintenance and growth require a sufficient larval supply competent for metamorphosis and settlement. Larval performance, in terms of growth, development, survival, and metamorphic success, determines the capacity for a larval cohort to effectively settle and establish into an existing population. Exogenous factors influencing larval development include temperature, salinity, food quantity, and food quality. A sufficient diet, composed of balanced protein, lipids, and carbohydrates to meet larval nutritional demands, is required to promote successful metamorphosis. To evaluate the influence of these exogenous factors on oyster settlement potential in Delaware Bay, a well-established biochemically based Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) larval model was adapted to simulate Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) larval performance under in situ environmental conditions measured during the 2009 to 2011 reproductive seasons at 10 sites across the salinity gradient of Delaware Bay. Variation in the initial egg size and lipid content, and larval food assimilation efficiency was incorporated into the model to represent potential within-cohort phenotypic variability. The middle portion of Delaware Bay along the New Jersey shoreline, bridging the 15-salinity line, generated the most successful larvae each year, whereas the low-salinity reach, on the Delaware side, and Nantuxent Point Reef had more variable success. Survivorship was a function of adequate temperatures and salinities, sufficient food quantity, and favorable food quality defined in part by the protein-to-(lipid-plus-carbohydrate) ratio. Most settlement was predicted by the model to occur between July and September of each year. To validate the model, estimated settlement windows were compared with calculated settlement windows derived from recruitment observations on yearly shell plants. Modeled and recruitment-derived settlement windows agreed well with each other and verified the capacity of the model to accurately forecast in situ larval performance. The oyster larval model, based on measures of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate, successfully passed an important field test, demonstrating the potential of such biochemically based models to reliably evaluate larval performance under real-world conditions.
{"title":"Modeling Performance and Settlement Windows of Larval Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in Delaware Bay","authors":"James C. Klein, Eric N. Powell, Danielle A. Kreeger, K. Ashton-Alcox, David Bushek, Xiaodong Zhang, Roger L. Thomas, J. Klinck, E. Hofmann","doi":"10.2983/035.042.0308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2983/035.042.0308","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Oyster population maintenance and growth require a sufficient larval supply competent for metamorphosis and settlement. Larval performance, in terms of growth, development, survival, and metamorphic success, determines the capacity for a larval cohort to effectively settle and establish into an existing population. Exogenous factors influencing larval development include temperature, salinity, food quantity, and food quality. A sufficient diet, composed of balanced protein, lipids, and carbohydrates to meet larval nutritional demands, is required to promote successful metamorphosis. To evaluate the influence of these exogenous factors on oyster settlement potential in Delaware Bay, a well-established biochemically based Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) larval model was adapted to simulate Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) larval performance under in situ environmental conditions measured during the 2009 to 2011 reproductive seasons at 10 sites across the salinity gradient of Delaware Bay. Variation in the initial egg size and lipid content, and larval food assimilation efficiency was incorporated into the model to represent potential within-cohort phenotypic variability. The middle portion of Delaware Bay along the New Jersey shoreline, bridging the 15-salinity line, generated the most successful larvae each year, whereas the low-salinity reach, on the Delaware side, and Nantuxent Point Reef had more variable success. Survivorship was a function of adequate temperatures and salinities, sufficient food quantity, and favorable food quality defined in part by the protein-to-(lipid-plus-carbohydrate) ratio. Most settlement was predicted by the model to occur between July and September of each year. To validate the model, estimated settlement windows were compared with calculated settlement windows derived from recruitment observations on yearly shell plants. Modeled and recruitment-derived settlement windows agreed well with each other and verified the capacity of the model to accurately forecast in situ larval performance. The oyster larval model, based on measures of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate, successfully passed an important field test, demonstrating the potential of such biochemically based models to reliably evaluate larval performance under real-world conditions.","PeriodicalId":50053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shellfish Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Shorebirds use a variety of intertidal estuarine habitats to rest and refuel during their seasonal migrations. Birds can be found foraging on mud or sandflats, aquatic vegetation, as well as intertidal areas developed for shellfish aquaculture. In Washington State, which contributes substantially to commercial U.S. production of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), little research has been published about how aquaculture habitats are used by shorebirds relative to surrounding seagrass and mudflat. Using photographic sampling, shore- and waterbird use of mudflat, seagrass, and longline oyster culture habitats was studied on an oyster farm in Grays Harbor, WA. The effect of the tidal stage (ebb, dry, or flood periods) was also evaluated. Thirteen bird taxa were identified and analyzed for effects of habitat on community composition and total bird abundance, whereas the six most common taxa were used in an analysis of habitat type and tidal stage effects on taxon abundance. Of the six focal taxa, black-bellied plover, American crow, and dunlin (Pluvialis squatarola, Corvus brachyrhynchos, and Calidris alpina, respectively) responded significantly to habitat type—having positive associations with eelgrass and/or longlines—whereas dunlin, dowitcher, and gulls (C. alpina, Limnodromus spp., and Larus spp., respectively) responded significantly to tidal stage—having positive associations with the ebb or flood periods. Total bird observations varied by habitat and through the tidal cycle, where more birds were observed in eelgrass and during ebb and flood periods. There was no strong effect of habitat type on community composition when sampling across several months. Overall, all three habitat types were used by a variety of shore- and waterbird taxa, with no evidence of a negative effect of longline oyster culture on bird abundance.
{"title":"Taxon-Specific Habitat and Tidal use by Birds in an Oyster Culture Estuary","authors":"F. Boardman, J. Ruesink","doi":"10.2983/035.042.0316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2983/035.042.0316","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Shorebirds use a variety of intertidal estuarine habitats to rest and refuel during their seasonal migrations. Birds can be found foraging on mud or sandflats, aquatic vegetation, as well as intertidal areas developed for shellfish aquaculture. In Washington State, which contributes substantially to commercial U.S. production of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), little research has been published about how aquaculture habitats are used by shorebirds relative to surrounding seagrass and mudflat. Using photographic sampling, shore- and waterbird use of mudflat, seagrass, and longline oyster culture habitats was studied on an oyster farm in Grays Harbor, WA. The effect of the tidal stage (ebb, dry, or flood periods) was also evaluated. Thirteen bird taxa were identified and analyzed for effects of habitat on community composition and total bird abundance, whereas the six most common taxa were used in an analysis of habitat type and tidal stage effects on taxon abundance. Of the six focal taxa, black-bellied plover, American crow, and dunlin (Pluvialis squatarola, Corvus brachyrhynchos, and Calidris alpina, respectively) responded significantly to habitat type—having positive associations with eelgrass and/or longlines—whereas dunlin, dowitcher, and gulls (C. alpina, Limnodromus spp., and Larus spp., respectively) responded significantly to tidal stage—having positive associations with the ebb or flood periods. Total bird observations varied by habitat and through the tidal cycle, where more birds were observed in eelgrass and during ebb and flood periods. There was no strong effect of habitat type on community composition when sampling across several months. Overall, all three habitat types were used by a variety of shore- and waterbird taxa, with no evidence of a negative effect of longline oyster culture on bird abundance.","PeriodicalId":50053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shellfish Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT Bryozoan epibiosis on lobster hosts has rarely been reported. This study documents bryozoan fouling of the American lobster (Homarus americanus Milne Edwards, 1837) from the Connecticut portion of Long Island Sound, USA. A total of 168,664 lobsters were examined for epibionts from 2000 to 2013 following the lobster fishery crash in 1999. The lobsters were caught commercially for the State of Connecticut, Department of Energy and Environmental Protection lobster catch monitoring program. The lobster shell condition in four stages of its molt cycle was noted (i.e., from a soft new shell, hard new shell, hard shell, to ready to molt). Of the lobsters caught, 29% were fouled by epibionts. Of those, 88% were fouled by bryozoans, 20% by barnacles, 6% by tube worms, 3% by slipper shells, and <1% by mussels and sea squirts. The prevalence of fouling increased as time since last molt increased from <1% of soft new shells to 1% of hard new shells, 31% of hard shells, and 45% of those ready to molt. This prevalence of bryozoan fouling reported here was higher than that in other studies and may have been due to the poor health of the host lobsters and/or poor water quality.
{"title":"Bryozoan Fouling of the American Lobster (Homarus americanus) Following the 1999 Die-Off in Long Island Sound, USA","authors":"Marcus M. Key, Kathryn R. Schorr","doi":"10.2983/035.042.0314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2983/035.042.0314","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Bryozoan epibiosis on lobster hosts has rarely been reported. This study documents bryozoan fouling of the American lobster (Homarus americanus Milne Edwards, 1837) from the Connecticut portion of Long Island Sound, USA. A total of 168,664 lobsters were examined for epibionts from 2000 to 2013 following the lobster fishery crash in 1999. The lobsters were caught commercially for the State of Connecticut, Department of Energy and Environmental Protection lobster catch monitoring program. The lobster shell condition in four stages of its molt cycle was noted (i.e., from a soft new shell, hard new shell, hard shell, to ready to molt). Of the lobsters caught, 29% were fouled by epibionts. Of those, 88% were fouled by bryozoans, 20% by barnacles, 6% by tube worms, 3% by slipper shells, and <1% by mussels and sea squirts. The prevalence of fouling increased as time since last molt increased from <1% of soft new shells to 1% of hard new shells, 31% of hard shells, and 45% of those ready to molt. This prevalence of bryozoan fouling reported here was higher than that in other studies and may have been due to the poor health of the host lobsters and/or poor water quality.","PeriodicalId":50053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shellfish Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. S. Gosnell, Xochitl S. Clare, Dillon Whited, Jennifer Chiu, Stephen Huie, Danielle Zacherl, Crow White
ABSTRACT In this study, the length-weight relationship (LWR) was determined for the marine gastropod and commercial fisheries species, Kellet's whelk (Kelletia kelletii), and possible site- and sex-based differences in the LWR were assessed. Data were collected from 761 Kellet's whelks (1.6–15.5cm shell length, 0.51–404g total weight) that were brought to port by commercial fishermen or collected using SCUBA from three regions across the US geographic distribution of the species: San Diego, Santa Barbara, including the Northern Channel Islands, and Monterey. Model fitting revealed a cubic function to represent the LWR of the entire dataset with strong explanatory power. The fitted model suggested the species demonstrates slightly negative allometric growth, indicating that shell length grows faster than the width of the organism. Whelk sex and collection site did not impact the LWR. The information from this study can be used to inform management decisions for Kellet's whelk conservation, aquaculture, and fisheries harvest and guide future research.
{"title":"Length-Weight Relationship of the Kelp Forest Gastropod and Emerging Fisheries Species, Kellet's Whelk, Kelletia kelletii","authors":"J. S. Gosnell, Xochitl S. Clare, Dillon Whited, Jennifer Chiu, Stephen Huie, Danielle Zacherl, Crow White","doi":"10.2983/035.042.0313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2983/035.042.0313","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, the length-weight relationship (LWR) was determined for the marine gastropod and commercial fisheries species, Kellet's whelk (Kelletia kelletii), and possible site- and sex-based differences in the LWR were assessed. Data were collected from 761 Kellet's whelks (1.6–15.5cm shell length, 0.51–404g total weight) that were brought to port by commercial fishermen or collected using SCUBA from three regions across the US geographic distribution of the species: San Diego, Santa Barbara, including the Northern Channel Islands, and Monterey. Model fitting revealed a cubic function to represent the LWR of the entire dataset with strong explanatory power. The fitted model suggested the species demonstrates slightly negative allometric growth, indicating that shell length grows faster than the width of the organism. Whelk sex and collection site did not impact the LWR. The information from this study can be used to inform management decisions for Kellet's whelk conservation, aquaculture, and fisheries harvest and guide future research.","PeriodicalId":50053,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shellfish Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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