The American Journal of Bioethics最新文献

Patient Consent and The Right to Notice and Explanation of AI Systems Used in Health Care. 医疗保健中使用的人工智能系统的患者同意权和知情权及解释权。

The American Journal of Bioethics

Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2399828

Meghan E Hurley,Benjamin H Lang,Kristin Marie Kostick-Quenet,Jared N Smith,Jennifer Blumenthal-Barby

Given the need for enforceable guardrails for artificial intelligence (AI) that protect the public and allow for innovation, the U.S. Government recently issued a Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights which outlines five principles of safe AI design, use, and implementation. One in particular, the right to notice and explanation, requires accurately informing the public about the use of AI that impacts them in ways that are easy to understand. Yet, in the healthcare setting, it is unclear what goal the right to notice and explanation serves, and the moral importance of patient-level disclosure. We propose three normative functions of this right: (1) to notify patients about their care, (2) to educate patients and promote trust, and (3) to meet standards for informed consent. Additional clarity is needed to guide practices that respect the right to notice and explanation of AI in healthcare while providing meaningful benefits to patients.

鉴于有必要为人工智能（AI）制定可强制执行的护栏，以保护公众并允许创新，美国政府最近发布了一份《人工智能权利法案蓝图》，其中概述了安全设计、使用和实施人工智能的五项原则。其中，通知和解释权要求以通俗易懂的方式向公众准确告知影响他们的人工智能使用情况。然而，在医疗保健领域，通知权和解释权的目标是什么，以及患者层面的信息披露在道德上的重要性尚不明确。我们提出了这项权利的三个规范性功能：（1）通知患者有关其护理的信息；（2）教育患者并增进信任；（3）满足知情同意的标准。我们需要进一步澄清，以指导在医疗保健中尊重人工智能通知权和解释权的实践，同时为患者提供有意义的益处。