{"title":"Reply to Mattiuzzi and Lippi.","authors":"Peter Harteloh, Rob van Mechelen","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Historical Comparison Between the Death Rate for Spanish Flu and Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Italy.","authors":"C. Mattiuzzi, G. Lippi","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edward E Walsh, Ann R Falsey, Agnieszka M Zareba, Qin Jiang, Alejandra Gurtman, David Radley, Emily Gomme, David Cooper, Kathrin U Jansen, William C Gruber, Kena A Swanson, Beate Schmoele-Thoma
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial respiratory disease. Bivalent RSV prefusion F (RSVpreF) vaccine is licensed in ≥60-year-olds. RSVpreF was well-tolerated and immunogenic in a phase 1/2 study. We evaluated antibody persistence after initial vaccination and safety and immunogenicity after revaccination from this study. Methods Healthy adults were randomized to receive both initial vaccination and revaccination 12 months later with either placebo or RSVpreF 240 µg (±Al(OH)3). RSV-A and RSV-B geometric mean neutralizing titers (GMTs) were measured through 12 months after both vaccinations. Tolerability/safety was assessed. Results There were 263 participants revaccinated (18−49-years-old, n=134; 65−85-years-old, n=129). Among 18−49-year-olds and 65−85-year-olds, respectively, geometric mean fold rises (GMFRs) for both RSV subgroups (RSV-A; RSV-B) 1 month after initial RSVpreF vaccination were 13.3−20.4 and 8.9−15.5 compared with levels before initial vaccination; corresponding GMFRs 12 months after initial vaccination were 4.1−5.0 and 2.6−4.1. GMFRs 1 month after revaccination compared with levels before revaccination were 1.4−2.3 and 1.4−2.2 for 18−49-year-olds and 65−85-year-olds, respectively. Peak GMTs after revaccination were lower than those after initial vaccination. GMTs 12 months after initial vaccination and revaccination were similar, with GMFRs ranging from 0.7−1.6. No safety signals occurred. Conclusions RSVpreF revaccination was immunogenic and well-tolerated among adults. NCT03529773
{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Vaccination: Antibody Persistence and Revaccination","authors":"Edward E Walsh, Ann R Falsey, Agnieszka M Zareba, Qin Jiang, Alejandra Gurtman, David Radley, Emily Gomme, David Cooper, Kathrin U Jansen, William C Gruber, Kena A Swanson, Beate Schmoele-Thoma","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae185","url":null,"abstract":"Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial respiratory disease. Bivalent RSV prefusion F (RSVpreF) vaccine is licensed in ≥60-year-olds. RSVpreF was well-tolerated and immunogenic in a phase 1/2 study. We evaluated antibody persistence after initial vaccination and safety and immunogenicity after revaccination from this study. Methods Healthy adults were randomized to receive both initial vaccination and revaccination 12 months later with either placebo or RSVpreF 240 µg (±Al(OH)3). RSV-A and RSV-B geometric mean neutralizing titers (GMTs) were measured through 12 months after both vaccinations. Tolerability/safety was assessed. Results There were 263 participants revaccinated (18−49-years-old, n=134; 65−85-years-old, n=129). Among 18−49-year-olds and 65−85-year-olds, respectively, geometric mean fold rises (GMFRs) for both RSV subgroups (RSV-A; RSV-B) 1 month after initial RSVpreF vaccination were 13.3−20.4 and 8.9−15.5 compared with levels before initial vaccination; corresponding GMFRs 12 months after initial vaccination were 4.1−5.0 and 2.6−4.1. GMFRs 1 month after revaccination compared with levels before revaccination were 1.4−2.3 and 1.4−2.2 for 18−49-year-olds and 65−85-year-olds, respectively. Peak GMTs after revaccination were lower than those after initial vaccination. GMTs 12 months after initial vaccination and revaccination were similar, with GMFRs ranging from 0.7−1.6. No safety signals occurred. Conclusions RSVpreF revaccination was immunogenic and well-tolerated among adults. NCT03529773","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140547471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quality is central to value-based care and measurement is essential for assessing performance and understanding improvement over time. Both value-based care and methods for quality measurement are evolving. Infectious Diseases has been less engaged than other specialties in quality measure development, and Infectious Diseases providers must seize the opportunity to engage with quality measure development and research. Antimicrobial stewardship programs are an ideal starting point for Infectious Diseases-related quality measure development; antimicrobial stewardship program interventions and best practices are Infectious Diseases-specific, measurable, and impactful, yet grossly undercompensated. Herein, we provide a scheme for prioritizing research focused on development of Infectious Diseases-specific quality measures. Maturation of quality measurement research in Infectious Diseases, beginning with an initial focus on stewardship-related conditions then expanding to non-stewardship topics, will allow Infectious Diseases to take control of its future in value-based care, and promote the growth of Infectious Diseases through greater recognition of its value.
{"title":"Building the future of ID: A call to action for quality improvement research and measurement","authors":"Theresa Madaline, David C Classen, Joshua C Eby","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae176","url":null,"abstract":"Quality is central to value-based care and measurement is essential for assessing performance and understanding improvement over time. Both value-based care and methods for quality measurement are evolving. Infectious Diseases has been less engaged than other specialties in quality measure development, and Infectious Diseases providers must seize the opportunity to engage with quality measure development and research. Antimicrobial stewardship programs are an ideal starting point for Infectious Diseases-related quality measure development; antimicrobial stewardship program interventions and best practices are Infectious Diseases-specific, measurable, and impactful, yet grossly undercompensated. Herein, we provide a scheme for prioritizing research focused on development of Infectious Diseases-specific quality measures. Maturation of quality measurement research in Infectious Diseases, beginning with an initial focus on stewardship-related conditions then expanding to non-stewardship topics, will allow Infectious Diseases to take control of its future in value-based care, and promote the growth of Infectious Diseases through greater recognition of its value.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Markus Bauswein, Saida Zoubaa, Martina Toelge, Lisa Eidenschink, Markus J Riemenschneider, Bernhard Neumann, De-Hyung Lee, Ehab Eid, Dennis Tappe, Hans Helmut Niller, André Gessner, Barbara Schmidt, Sigrid Bülow, Klemens Angstwurm
Background Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) causes rare but severe zoonotic infections in humans, presenting as severe encephalitis. The case-fatality risk is very high and no effective countermeasures have been established so far. An immunopathology is presumed, while data on immune responses in humans are limited. Evidence of a role of the complement system in various neurological disorders and central nervous viral infections is increasing and specific inhibitors are available as therapeutic options. Methods In this study, we investigated factors of the complement system in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with BoDV-1 infections (n = 17) in comparison to non-inflammatory control CSF samples (n = 11), using a bead-based multiplex assay. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed using post-mortem brain tissue samples. Results We found an intrathecal elevation of complement factors of all complement pathways and an active cascade during human BoDV-1 infections. The increase of certain complement factors such as C1q was persistent and C3 complement deposits were detected in post-mortem brain sections. Intrathecal complement levels were negatively correlated with survival. Conclusion Further investigations are warranted to clarify, whether targeting the complement cascade by specific inhibitors might be beneficial for patients suffering from severe BoDV-1 encephalitis.
{"title":"Long-term elevation of complement factors in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) encephalitis","authors":"Markus Bauswein, Saida Zoubaa, Martina Toelge, Lisa Eidenschink, Markus J Riemenschneider, Bernhard Neumann, De-Hyung Lee, Ehab Eid, Dennis Tappe, Hans Helmut Niller, André Gessner, Barbara Schmidt, Sigrid Bülow, Klemens Angstwurm","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae183","url":null,"abstract":"Background Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) causes rare but severe zoonotic infections in humans, presenting as severe encephalitis. The case-fatality risk is very high and no effective countermeasures have been established so far. An immunopathology is presumed, while data on immune responses in humans are limited. Evidence of a role of the complement system in various neurological disorders and central nervous viral infections is increasing and specific inhibitors are available as therapeutic options. Methods In this study, we investigated factors of the complement system in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with BoDV-1 infections (n = 17) in comparison to non-inflammatory control CSF samples (n = 11), using a bead-based multiplex assay. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed using post-mortem brain tissue samples. Results We found an intrathecal elevation of complement factors of all complement pathways and an active cascade during human BoDV-1 infections. The increase of certain complement factors such as C1q was persistent and C3 complement deposits were detected in post-mortem brain sections. Intrathecal complement levels were negatively correlated with survival. Conclusion Further investigations are warranted to clarify, whether targeting the complement cascade by specific inhibitors might be beneficial for patients suffering from severe BoDV-1 encephalitis.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min-hsin Chen, Ludmila Perelygina, LiJuan Hao, R Suzanne Beard, Cornelia Lackner, Maria R Farcet, Michael Karbiener, Joseph Icenogle, Thomas R Kreil
The association between granulomas and vaccine-derived rubella virus (VDRV) in people with primary immune deficiencies (PID) has raised concerns about the ability of immunoglobulin (IG) preparations to neutralize VDRVs. We investigated the capacity of IG to neutralize rubella vaccine virus and four VDRV strains. As expected, the rubella vaccine virus itself was potently neutralized by IG preparations; however, the VDRV isolates from patients after intra-host evolution, 2-6 times less so. Diagnosis of immune deficiencies before possible live-virus vaccination is thus of critical importance, while IG replacement therapy can be expected to provide protection from rubella virus infection.
{"title":"Neutralization of Rubella Vaccine Virus and Immunodeficiency-Related Vaccine-Derived Rubella Viruses by Intravenous Immunoglobulins","authors":"Min-hsin Chen, Ludmila Perelygina, LiJuan Hao, R Suzanne Beard, Cornelia Lackner, Maria R Farcet, Michael Karbiener, Joseph Icenogle, Thomas R Kreil","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae182","url":null,"abstract":"The association between granulomas and vaccine-derived rubella virus (VDRV) in people with primary immune deficiencies (PID) has raised concerns about the ability of immunoglobulin (IG) preparations to neutralize VDRVs. We investigated the capacity of IG to neutralize rubella vaccine virus and four VDRV strains. As expected, the rubella vaccine virus itself was potently neutralized by IG preparations; however, the VDRV isolates from patients after intra-host evolution, 2-6 times less so. Diagnosis of immune deficiencies before possible live-virus vaccination is thus of critical importance, while IG replacement therapy can be expected to provide protection from rubella virus infection.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140541242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ravinder Kaur, R. Gierke, L. McGee, Eduardo Gonzalez, Miwako Kobayashi, Michael E Pichichero
BACKGROUND Characterizing strains causing noninvasive and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) may inform the impact of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). METHODS During 2011-2019, among children aged 6-36 months, pneumococcal serotype distribution and antibiotic non-susceptibility of nasopharyngeal and middle ear fluid (MEF) isolates collected at onset of acute otitis media (AOM) in Rochester, New York were compared with IPD isolates from Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) across 10 U.S. sites. RESULTS From Rochester, 400 (nasopharyngeal) and 156 (MEF) pneumococcal isolates were collected from 259 children. From ABCs, 907 sterile-site isolates were collected from 896 children. Non-PCV serotypes 35B and 21 were more frequent among the Rochester AOM cases, while serotypes 3, 19A, 22F, 33F, 10A, and 12F contained in PCVs were more frequent among ABCs IPD cases. The proportion of antibiotic non-susceptible pneumococcal isolates was generally more common among IPD cases. In 2015-2019, serotype 35B emerged as the most common serotype associated with multiclass antibiotic non-susceptibility for both the Rochester AOM and ABCs IPD cases. CONCLUSIONS Pneumococcal isolates from children in Rochester with AOM differ in serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility compared to IPD cases identified through U.S. surveillance. Non-PCV serotype 35B emerged as a common cause of AOM and IPD.
{"title":"Pneumococci isolated from children in community-based practice differ from isolates identified by population and laboratory-based invasive disease surveillance.","authors":"Ravinder Kaur, R. Gierke, L. McGee, Eduardo Gonzalez, Miwako Kobayashi, Michael E Pichichero","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae184","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Characterizing strains causing noninvasive and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) may inform the impact of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000During 2011-2019, among children aged 6-36 months, pneumococcal serotype distribution and antibiotic non-susceptibility of nasopharyngeal and middle ear fluid (MEF) isolates collected at onset of acute otitis media (AOM) in Rochester, New York were compared with IPD isolates from Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) across 10 U.S. sites.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000From Rochester, 400 (nasopharyngeal) and 156 (MEF) pneumococcal isolates were collected from 259 children. From ABCs, 907 sterile-site isolates were collected from 896 children. Non-PCV serotypes 35B and 21 were more frequent among the Rochester AOM cases, while serotypes 3, 19A, 22F, 33F, 10A, and 12F contained in PCVs were more frequent among ABCs IPD cases. The proportion of antibiotic non-susceptible pneumococcal isolates was generally more common among IPD cases. In 2015-2019, serotype 35B emerged as the most common serotype associated with multiclass antibiotic non-susceptibility for both the Rochester AOM and ABCs IPD cases.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Pneumococcal isolates from children in Rochester with AOM differ in serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibility compared to IPD cases identified through U.S. surveillance. Non-PCV serotype 35B emerged as a common cause of AOM and IPD.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bárbara Ponzilacqua-Silva, Alexis S Dadelahi, Mostafa F N Abushahba, Charles R Moley, Jerod A Skyberg
The impact of vaccine-induced immune responses on host metabolite availability has not been well studied. Here we show prior vaccination alters the metabolic profile of mice challenged with Brucella melitensis. In particular, glucose levels were reduced in vaccinated mice in an antibody-dependent manner. We also found the glucose transporter gene, gluP, plays a lesser role in B. melitensis virulence in vaccinated wild-type mice relative to vaccinated mice unable to secrete antibodies. These data indicate vaccine-elicited antibodies protect the host in part by restricting glucose availability. Moreover, Brucella and other pathogens may need to employ different metabolic strategies in vaccinated hosts.
{"title":"Vaccine Elicited Antibodies Restrict Glucose Availability to Control Brucella Infection","authors":"Bárbara Ponzilacqua-Silva, Alexis S Dadelahi, Mostafa F N Abushahba, Charles R Moley, Jerod A Skyberg","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae172","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of vaccine-induced immune responses on host metabolite availability has not been well studied. Here we show prior vaccination alters the metabolic profile of mice challenged with Brucella melitensis. In particular, glucose levels were reduced in vaccinated mice in an antibody-dependent manner. We also found the glucose transporter gene, gluP, plays a lesser role in B. melitensis virulence in vaccinated wild-type mice relative to vaccinated mice unable to secrete antibodies. These data indicate vaccine-elicited antibodies protect the host in part by restricting glucose availability. Moreover, Brucella and other pathogens may need to employ different metabolic strategies in vaccinated hosts.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140538697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate the anti-infective effects of ticagrelor. Methods and results Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum levels of ticagrelor or its major metabolite AR-C124910XX (ARC) in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes trial were selected as genetic proxies for ticagrelor exposure. Positive control analyses indicated that genetically surrogated serum ticagrelor levels (six SNPs) but not ARC levels (two SNPs) were significantly associated with lower risks of coronary heart disease. Therefore, the six SNPs were used as genetic instruments for ticagrelor exposure, and the genome-wide association study data for five infection outcomes were derived from the UK Biobank and FinnGen consortium. The two-sample MR analyses based on inverse variance-weighted methods indicated that genetic liability to ticagrelor exposure could reduce the risk of bacterial pneumonia (odds ratio [OR]: 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–0.95, P = 8.75E-03) and sepsis (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.94, P = 3.69E-03); however, no causal relationship between ticagrelor exposure and upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection was detected. Extensive sensitivity analyses corroborated these findings. Conclusion Our MR study provides further evidence for the preventive effects of ticagrelor on bacterial pneumonia and sepsis.
{"title":"Associations between ticagrelor use and the risk of infections: A Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Meng Xia, Qingmeng Wu, Yu Wang, Yongquan Peng, Cheng Qian","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae177","url":null,"abstract":"Aims We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate the anti-infective effects of ticagrelor. Methods and results Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum levels of ticagrelor or its major metabolite AR-C124910XX (ARC) in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes trial were selected as genetic proxies for ticagrelor exposure. Positive control analyses indicated that genetically surrogated serum ticagrelor levels (six SNPs) but not ARC levels (two SNPs) were significantly associated with lower risks of coronary heart disease. Therefore, the six SNPs were used as genetic instruments for ticagrelor exposure, and the genome-wide association study data for five infection outcomes were derived from the UK Biobank and FinnGen consortium. The two-sample MR analyses based on inverse variance-weighted methods indicated that genetic liability to ticagrelor exposure could reduce the risk of bacterial pneumonia (odds ratio [OR]: 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–0.95, P = 8.75E-03) and sepsis (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.94, P = 3.69E-03); however, no causal relationship between ticagrelor exposure and upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection was detected. Extensive sensitivity analyses corroborated these findings. Conclusion Our MR study provides further evidence for the preventive effects of ticagrelor on bacterial pneumonia and sepsis.","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140538778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commentary: Mendelian randomization for causal inference.","authors":"Erica E M Moodie, Saskia le Cessie","doi":"10.1093/infdis/jiae178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae178","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501010,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140731161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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