Pub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.25.24309304
Lucía Sánchez-Aranda, Javier Fernández-Ortega, Isabel Martín-Fuentes, Ángel Toval, Gregor Jurak, Jonatan R Ruiz, Tamás Csányi, Francisco B. Ortega
Background Handgrip strength has been related with multiple health outcomes, including all-cause mortality and morbidity. Handgrip testing is a highly valid and reliable method, included in evidence-based fitness test batteries from preschool to older ages. Previously, Jamar and TKK dynamometers have shown good reliability and validity against known weights. However, the cost of these dynamometers is the major limitation for implementing handgrip strength testing in certain countries and settings, as well as at large scale. Recently, a ten times cheaper model (Camry Dynamometer) has been used in fitness surveillance systems, though its reliability and validity, compared to known weights and other well-validated dynamometers, remains unknown. Therefore, the aims of the current study were to test to examine test-retest reliability, inter-model reliability (comparing a Camry dynamometer with 3000 uses versus a new Camry dynamometer), and inter-instrument reliability (Camry versus TKK dynamometer) of Camry dynamometer, using calibrated known weights.
{"title":"Reliability and criterion validity of a low-cost handgrip dynamometer: The Camry","authors":"Lucía Sánchez-Aranda, Javier Fernández-Ortega, Isabel Martín-Fuentes, Ángel Toval, Gregor Jurak, Jonatan R Ruiz, Tamás Csányi, Francisco B. Ortega","doi":"10.1101/2024.06.25.24309304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.25.24309304","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Handgrip strength has been related with multiple health outcomes, including all-cause mortality and morbidity. Handgrip testing is a highly valid and reliable method, included in evidence-based fitness test batteries from preschool to older ages. Previously, Jamar and TKK dynamometers have shown good reliability and validity against known weights. However, the cost of these dynamometers is the major limitation for implementing handgrip strength testing in certain countries and settings, as well as at large scale. Recently, a ten times cheaper model (Camry Dynamometer) has been used in fitness surveillance systems, though its reliability and validity, compared to known weights and other well-validated dynamometers, remains unknown. Therefore, the aims of the current study were to test to examine test-retest reliability, inter-model reliability (comparing a Camry dynamometer with 3000 uses versus a new Camry dynamometer), and inter-instrument reliability (Camry versus TKK dynamometer) of Camry dynamometer, using calibrated known weights.","PeriodicalId":501122,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Sports Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T2 times by magnetic resonance imaging techniques has been used to examine the beneficial effects of exercise on the human intervertebral disc (IVDs). The magnitude, frequency, and duration of running can contribute to both beneficial and detrimental responses. Slow running (7-9 km/h) is considered the optimal range. By revealing the detailed loading direction and acute changes in T2 times that occur in the IVDs, the positive effects of running on the IVDs can be explored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between load during slow running and changes in the T2 times of lumbar IVDs before and after running. Sixteen healthy male students were fitted with a triaxial accelerator and ran on a treadmill at 8 km/h for 1 min. Three lumbar T2 times from the L3/L4 to L5/S1 levels were measured before and after exercise using magnetic resonance imaging, and the analysis divided into five regions of interest. Acceleration was 0.23 ± 0.06 root mean square in the X-axis (mediolateral), 1.37 ± 0.08 in the Y-axis (vertical), and 0.30 ± 0.06 in the Z-axis (anteroposterior). An analysis of the correlation between the change in T2 time and acceleration showed a strong correlation, particularly in the Z-axis (anteroposterior direction) acceleration. At L3/L4, a positive correlation was observed for the posterior nucleus (r = 0.72, p = 0.002, R2 = 0.59), at L4/L5, a positive correlation was observed for the central nucleus (r = 0.73, p = 0.003, R2 = 0.49); in L5/S1, a negative correlation was observed for the anterior annulus fibrosus (r = -0.73, p = 0.01, R2 = 0.48). These results suggest that anteroposterior loading may play a significant role in the response of the IVDs.
{"title":"The relationship between acceleration during running at optimal speed and changes in the T2 times of the lumbar intervertebral disc","authors":"Takayoshi Hakkaku, Yoshiaki Kubo, Koji Koyama, Koichi Nakazato, Takashi Okada, Kenji Hiranuma","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.30.24308204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.30.24308204","url":null,"abstract":"T2 times by magnetic resonance imaging techniques has been used to examine the beneficial effects of exercise on the human intervertebral disc (IVDs). The magnitude, frequency, and duration of running can contribute to both beneficial and detrimental responses. Slow running (7-9 km/h) is considered the optimal range. By revealing the detailed loading direction and acute changes in T2 times that occur in the IVDs, the positive effects of running on the IVDs can be explored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between load during slow running and changes in the T2 times of lumbar IVDs before and after running. Sixteen healthy male students were fitted with a triaxial accelerator and ran on a treadmill at 8 km/h for 1 min. Three lumbar T2 times from the L3/L4 to L5/S1 levels were measured before and after exercise using magnetic resonance imaging, and the analysis divided into five regions of interest. Acceleration was 0.23 ± 0.06 root mean square in the X-axis (mediolateral), 1.37 ± 0.08 in the Y-axis (vertical), and 0.30 ± 0.06 in the Z-axis (anteroposterior). An analysis of the correlation between the change in T2 time and acceleration showed a strong correlation, particularly in the Z-axis (anteroposterior direction) acceleration. At L3/L4, a positive correlation was observed for the posterior nucleus (r = 0.72, p = 0.002, <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.59), at L4/L5, a positive correlation was observed for the central nucleus (r = 0.73, p = 0.003, R2 = 0.49); in L5/S1, a negative correlation was observed for the anterior annulus fibrosus (r = -0.73, p = 0.01, <em>R<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.48). These results suggest that anteroposterior loading may play a significant role in the response of the IVDs.","PeriodicalId":501122,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Sports Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.24308089
Andrew Danso, Tiia Kekäläinen, Friederike Koehler, Keegan Knittle, Patti Nijhuis, Iballa Burunat, Pedro Neto, Anastasios Mavrolampados, William M. Randall, Alessandro Ansani, Timo Rantalainen, Vinoo Alluri, Martin Hartmann, Rebecca S. Schaefer, Rebekah Rousi, Kat R. Agres, Jennifer MacRitchie, Petri Toiviainen, Suvi Saarikallio, Sebastien Chastin, Geoff Luck
The use of Personalised Interactive Music Systems (PIMS) may provide benefits in promoting physical activity levels. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the overall impact of PIMS in physical activity and exercise domains. Separate random effects meta-analyses were conducted for outcomes in physical activity levels, physical exertion, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and affect. In total, 18 studies were identified. Of these, six studies (with 17 total intervention arms) reported data on at least one outcome of interest, from which an effect size could be calculated. PIMS were significantly associated with beneficial changes in physical activity levels (g = 0.49, CI [0.07, 0.91], p = 0.02, k = 4, n = 76) and affect (g = 1.68, CI [0.15, 3.20], p = 0.03, k = 4, n = 122). However, no significant benefit of PIMS use was found for RPE (g = 0.72, CI [™0.14, 1.59], p = 0.10, k = 3, n = 77) or physical exertion (g = 0.79, CI [-0.64, 2.10], p = 0.28, k = 5, n = 142). Overall, results support the preliminary use of PIMS across a variety of physical activities to promote physical activity levels and positive affect.
{"title":"Personalised Interactive Music Systems for Physical Activity and Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Andrew Danso, Tiia Kekäläinen, Friederike Koehler, Keegan Knittle, Patti Nijhuis, Iballa Burunat, Pedro Neto, Anastasios Mavrolampados, William M. Randall, Alessandro Ansani, Timo Rantalainen, Vinoo Alluri, Martin Hartmann, Rebecca S. Schaefer, Rebekah Rousi, Kat R. Agres, Jennifer MacRitchie, Petri Toiviainen, Suvi Saarikallio, Sebastien Chastin, Geoff Luck","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.28.24308089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.28.24308089","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Personalised Interactive Music Systems (PIMS) may provide benefits in promoting physical activity levels. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the overall impact of PIMS in physical activity and exercise domains. Separate random effects meta-analyses were conducted for outcomes in physical activity levels, physical exertion, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and affect. In total, 18 studies were identified. Of these, six studies (with 17 total intervention arms) reported data on at least one outcome of interest, from which an effect size could be calculated. PIMS were significantly associated with beneficial changes in physical activity levels (<em>g</em> = 0.49, CI [0.07, 0.91], <em>p</em> = 0.02, <em>k</em> = 4, <em>n</em> = 76) and affect (<em>g</em> = 1.68, CI [0.15, 3.20], <em>p</em> = 0.03, <em>k</em> = 4, <em>n</em> = 122). However, no significant benefit of PIMS use was found for RPE (<em>g</em> = 0.72, CI [™0.14, 1.59], <em>p</em> = 0.10, <em>k</em> = 3, <em>n</em> = 77) or physical exertion (<em>g</em> = 0.79, CI [-0.64, 2.10], <em>p</em> = 0.28, <em>k</em> = 5, <em>n</em> = 142). Overall, results support the preliminary use of PIMS across a variety of physical activities to promote physical activity levels and positive affect.","PeriodicalId":501122,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Sports Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.14.24305514
Seungmin Shin, Rakesh Tomar, Minji Son, Seoungeun Kim, Yongho Lee
Gait analysis is crucial for understanding human movement patterns and detecting changes induced by factors such as fatigue. Fatigue can significantly impact gait dynamics, especially in athletes engaged in low-intensity training sessions like university football players. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of wearable sensors in detecting fatigue induced by low-intensity football training among university players. Twenty healthy male university football players participated in the study, undergoing gait analysis using wearable sensors before and after a 90-minute football training session. Data were collected using shoe-type IMU sensors for gait analysis, GPS trackers for exercise monitoring, and heart rate monitors for heart rate assessment. Participants also reported their perceived exertion using the Borg RPE scale. Results showed significant changes in various gait parameters post-exercise, including decreased cadence, increased percentage of double support, decreased percentage of single support, and increased time of toe-off. However, parameters like stride length remained unchanged. Center of gravity parameters did not show significant differences except for an increase in the ML(Y) acceleration post-exercise. The study suggests that even low to moderate-intensity exercise can induce fatigue, impacting walking dynamics. Wearable IMU sensors proved highly sensitive in detecting accumulated fatigue, even in low-intensity exercises, providing valuable insights into athletes’ physical deterioration during daily activities. This method could be crucial for monitoring fatigue and preventing injuries among athletes engaged in various sports activities. Further research is recommended to explore the impact of fatigue on other gait features and to evaluate gender differences. Additionally, examining muscle phosphocreatine readings could provide further insights into fatigue-related changes in gait. Nonetheless, the study highlights the effectiveness of wearable IMU sensor gait tests in detecting fatigue induced by low to moderate-intensity exercises, emphasizing the importance of monitoring fatigue for injury prevention and performance optimization in athletes.
{"title":"Wearable Gait Analysis is Highly Sensitive in Detection of Fatigue-Induced Exercise in Low Intensity Training Among University Football Players","authors":"Seungmin Shin, Rakesh Tomar, Minji Son, Seoungeun Kim, Yongho Lee","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.14.24305514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.14.24305514","url":null,"abstract":"Gait analysis is crucial for understanding human movement patterns and detecting changes induced by factors such as fatigue. Fatigue can significantly impact gait dynamics, especially in athletes engaged in low-intensity training sessions like university football players. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of wearable sensors in detecting fatigue induced by low-intensity football training among university players. Twenty healthy male university football players participated in the study, undergoing gait analysis using wearable sensors before and after a 90-minute football training session. Data were collected using shoe-type IMU sensors for gait analysis, GPS trackers for exercise monitoring, and heart rate monitors for heart rate assessment. Participants also reported their perceived exertion using the Borg RPE scale. Results showed significant changes in various gait parameters post-exercise, including decreased cadence, increased percentage of double support, decreased percentage of single support, and increased time of toe-off. However, parameters like stride length remained unchanged. Center of gravity parameters did not show significant differences except for an increase in the ML(Y) acceleration post-exercise. The study suggests that even low to moderate-intensity exercise can induce fatigue, impacting walking dynamics. Wearable IMU sensors proved highly sensitive in detecting accumulated fatigue, even in low-intensity exercises, providing valuable insights into athletes’ physical deterioration during daily activities. This method could be crucial for monitoring fatigue and preventing injuries among athletes engaged in various sports activities. Further research is recommended to explore the impact of fatigue on other gait features and to evaluate gender differences. Additionally, examining muscle phosphocreatine readings could provide further insights into fatigue-related changes in gait. Nonetheless, the study highlights the effectiveness of wearable IMU sensor gait tests in detecting fatigue induced by low to moderate-intensity exercises, emphasizing the importance of monitoring fatigue for injury prevention and performance optimization in athletes.","PeriodicalId":501122,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Sports Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although understanding the status of sports participation is essential for preventing injuries in young athletes, the level of specialization and relevant information in Japan is unknown. This study aimed to clarify the status of sports specialization and examine the relationships between specialization and training status in Japanese young soccer players.Four hundred Japanese young male soccer players were included. The players’ parents completed a web questionnaire that consisted of three-point questions regarding specialization and training status (year, days of playing soccer, age when starting soccer). The level of specialization and accompanying information were calculated, and data were compared by specialization status. Of the participants, 53.8% demonstrated a high level of specialization. In addition, 74.5% considered soccer more important than other sports, 89.0% trained in soccer for more than 8 months of the year, and 74.0% had quit other sports to focus on soccer or played only soccer. The proportion of participants who played only soccer was significantly higher in the high-specialization group (37.6%) than in the moderate-specialization (22.5%; P < .01) and low-specialization (7.1%; P < .01) groups. By specialization status at grades 4 to 6 (9–12 years), 40.3% of participants demonstrated a high level of specialization. Young Japanese soccer players tend toward early specialization. Factors contributing to the high-specialization level are being active throughout the year and rarely playing other sports. Training volume should be controlled in children of this age with avoidance of early specialization.
{"title":"Early sports specialization in Japanese young soccer players and related factors","authors":"Yasuharu Nagano, Shogo Sasaki, Ayako Higashihara, Takashi Oyama","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.03.24305292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.03.24305292","url":null,"abstract":"Although understanding the status of sports participation is essential for preventing injuries in young athletes, the level of specialization and relevant information in Japan is unknown. This study aimed to clarify the status of sports specialization and examine the relationships between specialization and training status in Japanese young soccer players.Four hundred Japanese young male soccer players were included. The players’ parents completed a web questionnaire that consisted of three-point questions regarding specialization and training status (year, days of playing soccer, age when starting soccer). The level of specialization and accompanying information were calculated, and data were compared by specialization status. Of the participants, 53.8% demonstrated a high level of specialization. In addition, 74.5% considered soccer more important than other sports, 89.0% trained in soccer for more than 8 months of the year, and 74.0% had quit other sports to focus on soccer or played only soccer. The proportion of participants who played only soccer was significantly higher in the high-specialization group (37.6%) than in the moderate-specialization (22.5%; <em>P</em> < .01) and low-specialization (7.1%; <em>P</em> < .01) groups. By specialization status at grades 4 to 6 (9–12 years), 40.3% of participants demonstrated a high level of specialization. Young Japanese soccer players tend toward early specialization. Factors contributing to the high-specialization level are being active throughout the year and rarely playing other sports. Training volume should be controlled in children of this age with avoidance of early specialization.","PeriodicalId":501122,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Sports Medicine","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140579002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.24304823
Zihan Xu, Nan An
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the changes in pain perceptions, acute exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH), and endogenous pain modulation responses following 4-week treadmill running exercises with different intensities in females. Methods: Forty-two female individuals were randomly assigned to two groups (TRL and TRH) and performed 12 sessions of treadmill running within 4 weeks. Running intensities for each group is 55% of reserve heart rate (HRR) in TRL or 70% HRR in TRH. Before and after each running sessions, the pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and mechanical pain thresholds (MPT) were measured and the difference between pre- and post-running results were calculated as EIH responses. The conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and temporal summation (TS) were also measured at baseline and 24h after final running session. Results: Treadmill running only induced acute EIH responses with all pre-running PPT and MPT remained unaltered. However, the value EIH responses were significantly positively correlated with running sessions in TRL group, and negatively correlated with running sessions in TRH group. And running at low-intensity also showed greater EIH and CPM responses, and lower TS responses than running at high intensity. Besides, the EIH were positively correlated with CPM, and negatively correlated with TS after 12 running sessions. Conclusion: Four-week low-intensity treadmill running may improve acute EIH responses with the enhancement of endogenous pain modulation in healthy females. Meanwhile, CPM and TS may be correlated with EIH and be changed after exercise training, respectively. However, the individuals baseline pain thresholds may remain unaltered and not be affected by EIH or endogenous pain modulation.
{"title":"The magnitude of exercise-induced hypoalgesia can be improved and correlated with endogenous pain modulation following a 4-week treadmill running in female","authors":"Zihan Xu, Nan An","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.27.24304823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.27.24304823","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to investigate the changes in pain perceptions, acute exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH), and endogenous pain modulation responses following 4-week treadmill running exercises with different intensities in females. Methods: Forty-two female individuals were randomly assigned to two groups (TRL and TRH) and performed 12 sessions of treadmill running within 4 weeks. Running intensities for each group is 55% of reserve heart rate (HRR) in TRL or 70% HRR in TRH. Before and after each running sessions, the pressure pain thresholds (PPT) and mechanical pain thresholds (MPT) were measured and the difference between pre- and post-running results were calculated as EIH responses. The conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and temporal summation (TS) were also measured at baseline and 24h after final running session. Results: Treadmill running only induced acute EIH responses with all pre-running PPT and MPT remained unaltered. However, the value EIH responses were significantly positively correlated with running sessions in TRL group, and negatively correlated with running sessions in TRH group. And running at low-intensity also showed greater EIH and CPM responses, and lower TS responses than running at high intensity. Besides, the EIH were positively correlated with CPM, and negatively correlated with TS after 12 running sessions. Conclusion: Four-week low-intensity treadmill running may improve acute EIH responses with the enhancement of endogenous pain modulation in healthy females. Meanwhile, CPM and TS may be correlated with EIH and be changed after exercise training, respectively. However, the individuals baseline pain thresholds may remain unaltered and not be affected by EIH or endogenous pain modulation.","PeriodicalId":501122,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Sports Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140322427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine whether weekly oral vitamin D supplementation influences grip strength, explosive leg power, cardiorespiratory fitness or spirometric lung volumes in Mongolian schoolchildren. Methods: Multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in children aged 6-13 years at baseline attending 18 schools in Ulaanbaatar. The intervention was weekly oral doses of 14,000 IU vitamin D3 (n=4418) or placebo (n=4433) for 3 years. Outcome measures were grip strength, standing long jump distance and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations (determined in all participants), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, determined in a subset of 632 participants using 20-metre multi-stage shuttle run tests) and spirometric outcomes (determined in a subset of 1,343 participants). Results: 99.8% of participants had serum 25(OH)D concentrations <75 nmol/L at baseline, and mean end-study 25(OH)D concentrations in children randomised to vitamin D vs. placebo were 77.4 vs. 26.7 nmol/L (mean difference 50.7 nmol/L, 95% CI, 49.7 to 51.4). However, vitamin D supplementation did not influence mean grip strength, standing long jump distance, VO2peak, spirometric lung volumes or peak expiratory flow rate, either overall or within sub-groups defined by sex, baseline 25(OH)D concentration <25 vs. ≥25 nmol/L or calcium intake <500 vs. ≥500 mg/day. Conclusion: A 3-year course of weekly oral supplementation with 14,000 IU vitamin D3 elevated serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Mongolian schoolchildren with a high baseline prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. However, this intervention did not influence grip strength, explosive leg power, peak oxygen uptake or spirometric lung volumes, either overall or in sub-group analyses.
目的确定每周口服维生素 D 是否会影响蒙古学童的握力、腿部爆发力、心肺功能或肺活量。研究方法：多中心、随机、肺活量测量多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验，对象为乌兰巴托市 18 所学校中基线年龄为 6-13 岁的儿童。干预措施是每周口服 14,000 IU 维生素 D3（人数=4418）或安慰剂（人数=4433），为期 3 年。结果测量指标包括握力、立定跳远距离、血清中 25- 羟基维生素 D (25[OH]D) 浓度（所有参与者均测定）、峰值摄氧量（VO2peak，632 名参与者中的一个子集通过 20 米多级往返跑测试测定）和肺活量测定结果（1343 名参与者中的一个子集测定）。结果显示99.8%的参与者基线血清25（OH）D浓度为75毫摩尔/升，随机服用维生素D和安慰剂的儿童的平均研究末期25（OH）D浓度分别为77.4毫摩尔/升和26.7毫摩尔/升（平均差异为50.7毫摩尔/升，95% CI，49.7至51.4）。然而，维生素 D 补充剂并不影响平均握力、立定跳远距离、VO2 峰值、肺活量或呼气流量峰值，无论是总体还是按性别、基线 25(OH)D 浓度 <25 vs. ≥25 nmol/L或钙摄入量 <500 vs. ≥500 mg/天定义的亚组。最后得出结论：每周口服补充 14,000 IU 维生素 D3 的 3 年疗程可提高基线维生素 D 缺乏率较高的蒙古学龄儿童的血清 25(OH)D 浓度。然而，无论是总体分析还是分组分析，这项干预措施都不会影响握力、腿部爆发力、峰值摄氧量或肺活量。
{"title":"Influence of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and exercise capacity in Mongolian schoolchildren: a randomised controlled trial","authors":"Davaasambuu Ganmaa, Stephanie Hemmings, David A Jolliffe, Uyanga Buyanjargal, Gantsetseg Garmaa, Unaganshagai Adiya, Tumenulzii Tumurbaatar, Khulan Dorjnamjil, Enkhtsetseg Tserenkhuu, Sumiya Erdenenbaatar, Enkhjargal Tsendjav, Nomin Enkhamgalan, Chuluun-Erdene Achtai, Yagaantsetseg Talhaasuren, Tuya Byambasuren, Erdenetuya Ganbaatar, Erkhembulgan Purevdorj, Adrian Martineau","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.27.24304943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.27.24304943","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine whether weekly oral vitamin D supplementation influences grip strength, explosive leg power, cardiorespiratory fitness or spirometric lung volumes in Mongolian schoolchildren. Methods: Multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in children aged 6-13 years at baseline attending 18 schools in Ulaanbaatar. The intervention was weekly oral doses of 14,000 IU vitamin D3 (n=4418) or placebo (n=4433) for 3 years. Outcome measures were grip strength, standing long jump distance and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations (determined in all participants), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, determined in a subset of 632 participants using 20-metre multi-stage shuttle run tests) and spirometric outcomes (determined in a subset of 1,343 participants). Results: 99.8% of participants had serum 25(OH)D concentrations <75 nmol/L at baseline, and mean end-study 25(OH)D concentrations in children randomised to vitamin D vs. placebo were 77.4 vs. 26.7 nmol/L (mean difference 50.7 nmol/L, 95% CI, 49.7 to 51.4). However, vitamin D supplementation did not influence mean grip strength, standing long jump distance, VO2peak, spirometric lung volumes or peak expiratory flow rate, either overall or within sub-groups defined by sex, baseline 25(OH)D concentration <25 vs. ≥25 nmol/L or calcium intake <500 vs. ≥500 mg/day. Conclusion: A 3-year course of weekly oral supplementation with 14,000 IU vitamin D3 elevated serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Mongolian schoolchildren with a high baseline prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. However, this intervention did not influence grip strength, explosive leg power, peak oxygen uptake or spirometric lung volumes, either overall or in sub-group analyses.","PeriodicalId":501122,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Sports Medicine","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140322502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.24304912
Keren Middelkoop, Lisa Micklesfield, Stephanie Hemmings, Neil Walker, Justine Stewart, David Jolliffe, Amy Mendham, Jonathan Tang, Cyrus Cooper, Nicholas Harvey, Robert Wilkinson, Adrian Martineau
Objective: To determine whether vitamin D supplementation influences grip strength, explosive leg power, cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of exercise-induced bronchoconstriciton (EIB) in South African schoolchildren. Methods: Sub-study (n=450) in Cape Town schoolchildren aged 8-11 years, nested within a phase 3 randomised placebo-controlled trial (ViDiKids). The intervention was weekly oral doses of 10,000 IU vitamin D3 (n=228) or placebo (n=222) for 3 years. Outcome measures were serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) concentrations, grip strength, standing long jump distance, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, determined using 20-metre multi-stage shuttle run tests) and the proportion of children with EIB, all measured at end-study. Results: 64.7% of participants had serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations <75 nmol/L at baseline. At 3-year follow-up, children randomised to vitamin D vs. placebo had higher mean serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations (97.6 vs. 58.8 nmol/L respectively; adjusted mean difference [aMD] 39.9 nmol/L, 95% CI 36.1 to 43.6) and long jump distance (128.3 vs. 122.1 cm; aMD 3.6 cm, 95% CI 0.0 to 7.2). No end-study differences in grip strength, VO2peak, or spirometric lung volumes were seen, but administration of vitamin D vs. placebo was associated with a borderline-significant increased risk of EIB (14.5% vs. 8.6%; adjusted odds ratio 1.92, 95% CI 0.99 to 3.73). Conclusion: A 3-year course of weekly oral supplementation with 10,000 IU vitamin D3 elevated serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations in South African schoolchildren and induced a small increase in long jump distance, but had no effect on grip strength or VO2 peak. Potential effects of vitamin D on risk of EIB require further research.
目的确定补充维生素 D 是否会影响南非学龄儿童的握力、腿部爆发力、心肺功能以及运动诱发支气管收缩（EIB）的风险。研究方法在开普敦 8-11 岁学龄儿童中开展的子研究（n=450），嵌套于第三阶段随机安慰剂对照试验（ViDiKids）中。干预措施是每周口服 10,000 IU 维生素 D3（样本数=228）或安慰剂（样本数=222），为期 3 年。结果测量指标包括血清25-羟基维生素D3（25[OH]D3）浓度、握力、立定跳远距离、峰值摄氧量（VO2peak，通过20米多级往返跑测试确定）以及患有EIB的儿童比例，所有指标均在研究结束时进行测量。研究结果64.7%的参与者基线血清25（OH）D3浓度为75 nmol/L。在3年的随访中，与安慰剂相比，随机服用维生素D的儿童的平均血清25（OH）D3浓度更高（分别为97.6毫摩尔/升和58.8毫摩尔/升；调整后平均差[aMD]为39.9毫摩尔/升，95% CI为36.1至43.6），跳远距离也更高（分别为128.3厘米和122.1厘米；aMD为3.6厘米，95% CI为0.0至7.2）。最终研究结果显示，握力、VO2 峰值或肺活量无差异，但服用维生素 D 与服用安慰剂相比，EIB 的风险有边缘显著增加（14.5% 对 8.6%；调整后的几率比 1.92，95% CI 0.99 对 3.73）。结论每周口服补充 10,000 IU 维生素 D3 的 3 年疗程可提高南非学童的血清 25(OH)D3 浓度，并使跳远距离略有增加，但对握力或 VO2 峰值没有影响。维生素 D 对 EIB 风险的潜在影响需要进一步研究。
{"title":"Influence of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and exercise capacity in South African schoolchildren: a randomised controlled trial (ViDiKids)","authors":"Keren Middelkoop, Lisa Micklesfield, Stephanie Hemmings, Neil Walker, Justine Stewart, David Jolliffe, Amy Mendham, Jonathan Tang, Cyrus Cooper, Nicholas Harvey, Robert Wilkinson, Adrian Martineau","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.26.24304912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.26.24304912","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine whether vitamin D supplementation influences grip strength, explosive leg power, cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of exercise-induced bronchoconstriciton (EIB) in South African schoolchildren. Methods: Sub-study (n=450) in Cape Town schoolchildren aged 8-11 years, nested within a phase 3 randomised placebo-controlled trial (ViDiKids). The intervention was weekly oral doses of 10,000 IU vitamin D3 (n=228) or placebo (n=222) for 3 years. Outcome measures were serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) concentrations, grip strength, standing long jump distance, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak, determined using 20-metre multi-stage shuttle run tests) and the proportion of children with EIB, all measured at end-study. Results: 64.7% of participants had serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations <75 nmol/L at baseline. At 3-year follow-up, children randomised to vitamin D vs. placebo had higher mean serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations (97.6 vs. 58.8 nmol/L respectively; adjusted mean difference [aMD] 39.9 nmol/L, 95% CI 36.1 to 43.6) and long jump distance (128.3 vs. 122.1 cm; aMD 3.6 cm, 95% CI 0.0 to 7.2). No end-study differences in grip strength, VO2peak, or spirometric lung volumes were seen, but administration of vitamin D vs. placebo was associated with a borderline-significant increased risk of EIB (14.5% vs. 8.6%; adjusted odds ratio 1.92, 95% CI 0.99 to 3.73). Conclusion: A 3-year course of weekly oral supplementation with 10,000 IU vitamin D3 elevated serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations in South African schoolchildren and induced a small increase in long jump distance, but had no effect on grip strength or VO2 peak. Potential effects of vitamin D on risk of EIB require further research.","PeriodicalId":501122,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Sports Medicine","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.24304733
Thayne A. Munce, Shaun D. Fickling, Shaquile R Nijjer, Daniel N. Poel, Ryan C.N. D'Arcy
We investigated objective brain vital signs derived from event-related potentials (ERPs) for mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes and matched controls (N=24). Brain vital sign scans were acquired from 9 MMA athletes and 15 age- and sex-matched controls. Our analysis specifically compared differences in brain vital signs between MMA athletes and controls at baseline. We predicted that MMA athletes would show significant differences relative to controls due to their ongoing exposure to repetitive head impacts. Participants were scanned to extract three well-established ERPs: N100 for auditory sensation; P300 for basic attention; and N400 for cognitive processing. Scans were verified using automated reports, with N100, P300, and N400 amplitudes and latencies manually identified by a blinded reviewer. Groups were evaluated at the waveform level with a mass-univariate analysis using non-parametric resampling. Brain vital signs were compared across groups with a Kruskal-Wallis H-test for independent samples, with FDR correction for multiple comparisons. We identified significant differences between MMA athletes and controls. Specifically, there were significant N400 amplitude reductions, indicating that exposure to repetitive head impacts in MMA may be associated with changes in brain function.
{"title":"MMA athletes demonstrate different Brain Vital Sign profiles compared to matched controls at baseline","authors":"Thayne A. Munce, Shaun D. Fickling, Shaquile R Nijjer, Daniel N. Poel, Ryan C.N. D'Arcy","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.26.24304733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.26.24304733","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated objective brain vital signs derived from event-related potentials (ERPs) for mixed martial arts (MMA) athletes and matched controls (N=24). Brain vital sign scans were acquired from 9 MMA athletes and 15 age- and sex-matched controls. Our analysis specifically compared differences in brain vital signs between MMA athletes and controls at baseline. We predicted that MMA athletes would show significant differences relative to controls due to their ongoing exposure to repetitive head impacts. Participants were scanned to extract three well-established ERPs: N100 for auditory sensation; P300 for basic attention; and N400 for cognitive processing. Scans were verified using automated reports, with N100, P300, and N400 amplitudes and latencies manually identified by a blinded reviewer. Groups were evaluated at the waveform level with a mass-univariate analysis using non-parametric resampling. Brain vital signs were compared across groups with a Kruskal-Wallis H-test for independent samples, with FDR correction for multiple comparisons. We identified significant differences between MMA athletes and controls. Specifically, there were significant N400 amplitude reductions, indicating that exposure to repetitive head impacts in MMA may be associated with changes in brain function.","PeriodicalId":501122,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Sports Medicine","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140311706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.24304515
Yuki A Sugimoto, Craig J Garrison, Ana Maria Acaosta, Julius P.A Dewald
INTRODUCTION The Limb Symmetry Index (LSI), computed from kinetic parameters, tracks knee functionality post Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR). However, LSI may lack accuracy in individuals with ACLR and ankle sprains, as it overlooks kinetic chain coordination across lower limb joints. Previous ankle sprains (AS) contribute to altered neuromuscular control in ACLR, emphasizing the need to evaluate within-limb coordination during bilateral tasks to prevent secondary ACL injuries. The effect of Energy Absorption Contribution (EAC) on joint work provides insight into the coordination between joints during observed movements. Thus, the purpose of this study was to validate a novel LSI based on EAC for discriminating movement strategies in bilateral drop vertical jump landing (DVJL) among individuals with ACLR and ACLR-AS METHODS 39 healthy athletes, including 13 healthy controls, 13 ACLR, and 13 ACLR-AS were matched by age, height, weight, sex, sports involvement, and limb dominance. Participants performed five DVJLs with kinematics and ground reaction forces recorded. Individual joint work (M) and EAC were calculated and averaged across the middle three trials to compute the LSI on individual joint work (LSIM) and EAC (LSIEAC). Negative LSI indicates asymmetry toward the nonsurgical limb, while positive LSI indicates asymmetry toward the surgical limb. A 3x2x3 repeated measures analysis of variance was utilized to analyze interactions between groups, the LSI method, and joint. Tukeys LSD post-hoc analyses were used to examine within and between groups (alpha=0.05). RESULTS There was a significant interaction between the group, LSI method, and joint (F4,72=3.216, P=.017). LSIEAC identified significant loading asymmetry at the hip (P=.046) and knee (P=.015) when compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS LSIEAC proved to be the method capable of distinguishing group differences in loading asymmetry at the hip and knee for the ACLR-AS group compared to healthy controls during bilateral DVJL. Overall, LSIEAC provided a more comprehensive insight into the movement strategies employed during DVJL, particularly for individuals with ACLR and ACLR-AS. This emphasizes its suitability for effectively monitoring the rehabilitation progression post ACLR towards RTS. Our findings suggest that clinicians should prioritize computing the LSI based on EAC and assessing the history of ankle sprains for precise RTS decision-making. This approach not only aids in identifying loading asymmetry at the knee and hip but also underscores the critical importance of restoring modified movement strategies in adolescents with ACLR-AS, ultimately reducing the risk of secondary ACL injury following RTS.
{"title":"Examination of a novel limb symmetry index to discriminate movement strategies during bilateral jump landing in individuals with ACLR and with and without a history of ankle sprains.","authors":"Yuki A Sugimoto, Craig J Garrison, Ana Maria Acaosta, Julius P.A Dewald","doi":"10.1101/2024.03.18.24304515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.03.18.24304515","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The Limb Symmetry Index (LSI), computed from kinetic parameters, tracks knee functionality post Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR). However, LSI may lack accuracy in individuals with ACLR and ankle sprains, as it overlooks kinetic chain coordination across lower limb joints. Previous ankle sprains (AS) contribute to altered neuromuscular control in ACLR, emphasizing the need to evaluate within-limb coordination during bilateral tasks to prevent secondary ACL injuries. The effect of Energy Absorption Contribution (EAC) on joint work provides insight into the coordination between joints during observed movements. Thus, the purpose of this study was to validate a novel LSI based on EAC for discriminating movement strategies in bilateral drop vertical jump landing (DVJL) among individuals with ACLR and ACLR-AS METHODS\u000039 healthy athletes, including 13 healthy controls, 13 ACLR, and 13 ACLR-AS were matched by age, height, weight, sex, sports involvement, and limb dominance. Participants performed five DVJLs with kinematics and ground reaction forces recorded. Individual joint work (M) and EAC were calculated and averaged across the middle three trials to compute the LSI on individual joint work (LSIM) and EAC (LSIEAC). Negative LSI indicates asymmetry toward the nonsurgical limb, while positive LSI indicates asymmetry toward the surgical limb. A 3x2x3 repeated measures analysis of variance was utilized to analyze interactions between groups, the LSI method, and joint. Tukeys LSD post-hoc analyses were used to examine within and between groups (alpha=0.05). RESULTS There was a significant interaction between the group, LSI method, and joint (F4,72=3.216, P=.017). LSIEAC identified significant loading asymmetry at the hip (P=.046) and knee (P=.015) when compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS\u0000LSIEAC proved to be the method capable of distinguishing group differences in loading asymmetry at the hip and knee for the ACLR-AS group compared to healthy controls during bilateral DVJL. Overall, LSIEAC provided a more comprehensive insight into the movement strategies employed during DVJL, particularly for individuals with ACLR and ACLR-AS. This emphasizes its suitability for effectively monitoring the rehabilitation progression post ACLR towards RTS. Our findings suggest that clinicians should prioritize computing the LSI based on EAC and assessing the history of ankle sprains for precise RTS decision-making. This approach not only aids in identifying loading asymmetry at the knee and hip but also underscores the critical importance of restoring modified movement strategies in adolescents with ACLR-AS, ultimately reducing the risk of secondary ACL injury following RTS.","PeriodicalId":501122,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Sports Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140170621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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