arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics最新文献

{"title":"Growth of Light-Seed Black Holes in Gas-Rich Galaxies at High Redshift","authors":"Daxal Mehta, John A. Regan, Lewis Prole","doi":"arxiv-2409.08326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08326","url":null,"abstract":"Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope confirm the existence\u0000of massive black holes ($>10^6$ $rm{M_{odot}}$) beyond the redshift of\u0000$z=10$. However, their formation mechanism(s) still remain an open question.\u0000Light seed black holes are one such formation pathway, forming as the end stage\u0000of metalfree (Population III) stars. Light seed black holes can grow into\u0000massive black holes as long as they accrete near the Eddington limit for\u0000substantial periods or undergo several bursts of super-Eddington accretion. In\u0000this work, our aim is to ascertain if light seeds can grow in gas rich galaxies\u0000- similar to those expected at high redshift (z $gtrsim 10$). Using the Arepo\u0000code, we follow self-consistently the formation of Population III stars and\u0000black holes in galaxies with total masses in the range $10^8$ $rm{M_{odot}}$.\u0000We find that in the absence of feedback, black holes can grow to $10^5$\u0000$rm{M_{odot}}$ in just $10^4$ years. These black holes do not decouple from\u0000the gas clumps in which they are born and are able to accrete at\u0000hyper-Eddington rates. In the presence of supernova feedback, the number of\u0000actively growing black holes diminishes by an order of magnitude. However, we\u0000still observe hyper-Eddington accretion in approximately 1 % of the black hole\u0000population despite supernova feedback. This (idealised) work lays the\u0000foundation for future works, where we will test our models in a cosmological\u0000framework.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Post-Starburst Pathway to Forming Massive Galaxies and Their Black Holes at z>6","authors":"Masafusa Onoue, Xuheng Ding, John D. Silverman, Yoshiki Matsuoka, Takuma Izumi, Michael A. Strauss, Charlotte Ward, Camryn L. Phillips, Irham T. Andika, Kentaro Aoki, Junya Arita, Shunsuke Baba, Rebekka Bieri, Sarah E. I. Bosman, Anna-Christina Eilers, Seiji Fujimoto, Melanie Habouzit, Zoltan Haiman, Masatoshi Imanishi, Kohei Inayoshi, Kei Ito, Kazushi Iwasawa, Knud Jahnke, Nobunari Kashikawa, Toshihiro Kawaguchi, Kotaro Kohno, Chien-Hsiu Lee, Junyao Li, Alessandro Lupi, Jianwei Lyu, Tohru Nagao, Roderik Overzier, Jan-Torge Schindler, Malte Schramm, Matthew T. Scoggins, Kazuhiro Shimasaku, Yoshiki Toba, Benny Trakhtenbrot, Maxime Trebitsch, Tommaso Treu, Hideki Umehata, Bram Venemans, Marianne Vestergaard, Marta Volonteri, Fabian Walter, Feige Wang, Jinyi Yang, Haowen Zhang","doi":"arxiv-2409.07113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07113","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the rapid formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the\u0000early universe requires an understanding of how stellar mass grows in the host\u0000galaxies. Here, we perform an analysis of rest-frame optical spectra and\u0000imaging from JWST of two quasar host galaxies at z>6 which exhibit Balmer\u0000absorption lines. These features in the stellar continuum indicate a lack of\u0000young stars, similar to low-redshift post-starburst galaxies whose star\u0000formation was recently quenched. We find that the stellar mass (log(M_* /\u0000M_sun) > 10.6) of each quasar host grew in a starburst episode at redshift 7 or\u00008. One of the targets exhibits little ongoing star formation, as evidenced by\u0000the photometric signature of the Balmer break and a lack of spatially resolved\u0000H-alpha emission, placing it well below the star formation main sequence at z =\u00006. The other galaxy is transitioning to a quiescent phase; together, the two\u0000galaxies represent the most distant massive post-starburst galaxies known. The\u0000maturity of these two galaxies is further supported by the stellar velocity\u0000dispersions of their host galaxies, placing them slightly above the upper end\u0000of the local M_BH - sigma_* relation. The properties of our two post-starburst\u0000galaxies, each hosting an active SMBH with log(M_BH / M_sun) > 9, suggests that\u0000black holes played a major role in shaping the formation of the first massive\u0000galaxies in the Universe.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reionization morphology and intrinsic velocity offsets allow transmission of Lyman-α emission from JADES-GS-z13-1-LA","authors":"Yuxiang Qin, J. Stuart B. Wyithe","doi":"arxiv-2409.07356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07356","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the detectability of Lyman-$alpha$ (Ly$alpha$) emission from\u0000galaxies at the onset of cosmic reionization, aiming to understand the\u0000conditions necessary for detecting high-redshift sources like JADES-GS-z13-1-LA\u0000at $z=13$. By integrating galaxy formation models with detailed intergalactic\u0000medium (IGM) reionization simulations, we construct high-redshift galaxy\u0000catalogs to model intrinsic Ly$alpha$ profiles and assess their transmission\u0000through the IGM. For a galaxy with $M_{rm UV}sim -18.5$ like\u0000JADES-GS-z13-1-LA, our fiducial model predicts a Ly$alpha$ transmission of\u0000${sim}13$% and there is a probability of observing Ly$alpha$ emission with an\u0000equivalent width >40A of up to 10%. We also explore how variations in the UV\u0000ionizing escape fraction, dependent on host halo mass, impact Ly$alpha$\u0000detectability. Our findings reveal that reionization morphology significantly\u0000influences detection chances -- models where reionization is driven by low-mass\u0000galaxies can boost the detection probability to as much as 12%, while those\u0000driven by massive galaxies tend to reduce ionized regions around faint\u0000emitters, limiting their detectability. This study underscores the importance\u0000of reionization morphology in interpreting high-redshift Ly$alpha$\u0000observations.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the spectral properties of the atypical radio relic in A115 using uGMRT, VLA, and LOFAR","authors":"Swarna Chatterjee, Abhirup Datta","doi":"arxiv-2409.07574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07574","url":null,"abstract":"The mega-parsec scale radio relics at the galaxy cluster periphery are\u0000intriguing structures. While textbook examples of relics posit arc-like\u0000elongated structures at the clusters' peripheries, several relics display more\u0000complex structures deviating from the conventional type. Abell 115 is a galaxy\u0000cluster, hosting an atypical radio relic at its northern periphery. Despite the\u0000multi-wavelength study of the cluster over the last decades, the origin of the\u0000radio relic is still unclear. In this paper, we present a multi-frequency radio\u0000study of the cluster to infer the possible mechanism behind the formation of\u0000the radio relic. We used new 400 MHz observations with the uGMRT, along with\u0000archival VLA 1.5 GHz observations and archival LOFAR 144 MHz observations. Our\u0000analysis supports the previous theory on the relic's origin from the passage of\u0000a shock front due to an off-axis merger, where the old population of particles\u0000from the radio galaxies at the relic location has been re-energised to\u0000illuminate the 2 Mpc radio relic.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSZ2 G282.28+49.94, a recently discovered analogue of the famous Bullet Cluster","authors":"I. Bartalucci, M. Rossetti, W. Boschin, M. Girardi, M. Nonino, E. Baraldi, M. Balboni, D. Coe, S. De Grandi, F. Gastaldello, S. Ghizzardi, S. Giacintucci, C. Grillo, D. Harvey, L. Lovisari, S. Molendi, T. Resseguier, G. Riva, T. Venturi, A. Zitrin","doi":"arxiv-2409.07290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07290","url":null,"abstract":"We present a detailed study of the gas and galaxy properties of the cluster\u0000PSZ2 G282.28+49.94 detected in the Planck all-sky survey. The intracluster\u0000medium (ICM) of this object at z=0.56 exhibits a cometary-like shape. Combining\u0000Chandra and TNG observations, we characterised the spatially resolved\u0000thermodynamical properties of the gas and the spatial and velocity distribution\u0000of 73 galaxy members. The cluster structure is quite complex with an elongated\u0000core region containing the two brightest cluster galaxies and one dense group\u0000to the south-east. Since there is no velocity difference between the core and\u0000the south-east group, we suggest the presence of a merger along the plane of\u0000the sky. This structure is related to complex X-ray and radio features, and\u0000thus the merger has likely been caught during the post-merger phase. Comparing\u0000the distribution of the ICM and of member galaxies, we find a large offset of\u0000$sim 350$ kpc between the position of the X-ray peak and the centre of a\u0000concentration of galaxies, preceding it in the likely direction of motion. This\u0000configuration is similar to the famous Bullet Cluster, leading us to dub PSZ2\u0000G282.28+49.94 the \"Planck bullet\", and represents an ideal situation to provide\u0000astrophysical constraints to the self-interaction cross-section ($sigma/m$) of\u0000dark matter particles. These results illustrate the power of a multi-wavelength\u0000approach to probe the merging scenario of such complex and distant systems.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deriving Cosmological Parameters from the Euclid mission","authors":"Davide Sciotti","doi":"arxiv-2409.07185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07185","url":null,"abstract":"The Euclid mission is a visionary project undertaken by the European Space\u0000Agency (ESA) to probe the universe's evolution and geometry by surveying the\u0000position and gravitational shape distortion of billions of galaxies. These\u0000observations bear the potential to offer unprecedented measurements of the\u0000cosmological parameters, thereby advancing our understanding of the cosmos.\u0000This work revolves around the central theme of quantifying the constraining\u0000power of the upcoming Euclid 3$times$2pt photometric survey, accounting for\u0000several factors which have been neglected to this date in the official\u0000forecasts, especially more subtle sources of uncertainty which need to be\u0000included in the forecast (and data) analysis due to the precision of the\u0000observations. First, we include and study the impact of super-sample\u0000covariance, a source of sample variance coming from the incomplete sampling of\u0000the density and shear field Fourier modes caused by the limited survey volume.\u0000Second, we examine the effect of scale cuts, translating them from Fourier to\u0000harmonic space through the use of the BNT transform, which offers an efficient\u0000way of separating angular scales for the cosmic shear signal. This analysis\u0000allows quantifying and mitigating the bias coming from the uncertainty on our\u0000modelling of small scales. These updated forecasts, validated against the\u0000reference Euclid ones, provide insights into the expected precision achieved on\u0000the cosmological and nuisance parameters, for a variety of survey settings and\u0000for the inclusion of different realistic systematics, such as multiplicative\u0000shear bias, magnification bias, uncertainty in the mean of the redshift\u0000distribution and so on.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"14 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Euclid preparation. Deep learning true galaxy morphologies for weak lensing shear bias calibration","authors":"Euclid Collaboration, B. CsiziUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, T. SchrabbackUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, S. GrandisUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, H. HoekstraLeiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands, H. JansenUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, L. LinkeUniversität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, G. CongedoInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, A. N. TaylorInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, A. AmaraSchool of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK, S. AndreonINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, C. BaccigalupiIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy, M. BaldiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, S. BardelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, P. BattagliaINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, R. BenderMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, GermanyUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany, C. BodendorfMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, D. BoninoINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, E. BranchiniDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, M. BresciaDepartment of Physics \"E. Pancini\", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, ItalyINFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, J. BrinchmannInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, PortugalFaculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre, 4150-007 Porto, Portugal, S. CameraDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, V. CapobiancoINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, C. CarboneINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, J. CarreteroCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y TecnológicasPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, S. CasasInstitute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, F. J. CastanderInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, M. CastellanoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, G. CastignaniINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. CavuotiINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, ItalyINFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, A. CimattiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, C. Colodro-CondeInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, C. J. ConseliceJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK, L. ConversiEuropean Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, ItalyESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, Y. CopinUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, F. CourbinInstitute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneInstitut de Ciències del CosmosInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, H. M. CourtoisUCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France, M. CropperMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK, A. Da SilvaDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, H. DegaudenziDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, G. De LuciaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, J. DinisDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, M. DouspisUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, F. DubathDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, X. DupacESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain, S. DusiniINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, M. FarinaINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy, S. FarrensUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, F. FaustiniSpace Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, S. FerriolUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, S. FotopoulouSchool of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK, M. FrailisINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, E. FranceschiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. GaleottaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, B. GillisInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, C. GiocoliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, A. GrazianINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy, F. GruppMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, GermanyUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany, L. GuzzoDipartimento di Fisica \"Aldo Pontremoli\", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, S. V. H. HauganInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, W. HolmesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, I. HookDepartment of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK, F. HormuthFelix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany, A. HornstrupTechnical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkCosmic Dawn Center, P. HudelotInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, S. IlićUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, FranceInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, K. JahnkeMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, M. JhabvalaNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA, B. JoachimiDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, E. KeihänenDepartment of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, S. KermicheAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, A. KiesslingJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, M. KilbingerUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, B. KubikUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France, K. KuijkenLeiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands, M. KümmelUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany, M. KunzUniversité de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland, H. Kurki-SuonioDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, S. LigoriINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, P. B. LiljeInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, V. LindholmDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, I. LloroNOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands, D. MainoDipartimento di Fisica \"Aldo Pontremoli\", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, ItalyINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, E. MaioranoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, O. MansuttiINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, S. MarcinUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland, O. MarggrafUniversität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany, K. MarkovicJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, M. MartinelliINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 - c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy, N. MartinetAix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France, F. MarulliDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, R. MasseyDepartment of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK, E. MedinaceliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, S. MeiUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, M. MelchiorUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland, Y. MellierInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, FranceInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, M. MeneghettiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, G. MeylanInstitute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, M. MorescoDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, L. MoscardiniDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, S. -M. NiemiEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, C. PadillaInstitut de Física d'Altes Energies, S. PaltaniDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, F. PasianINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, K. PedersenDARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, V. PettorinoEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, S. PiresUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, G. PolentaSpace Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy, M. PoncetCentre National d'Etudes Spatiales -- Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France, L. A. PopaInstitute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania, F. RaisonMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. RenziDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, J. RhodesJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, G. RiccioINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, E. RomelliINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. RoncarelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, E. RossettiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, R. SagliaUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, Z. SakrInstitut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et PlanétologieUniversité St Joseph, Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon, A. G. SánchezMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, B. SartorisUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, P. SchneiderUniversität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany, A. SecrounAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, G. SeidelMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, S. SerranoInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaSatlantis, University Science Park, Sede Bld 48940, Leioa-Bilbao, SpainInstitute of Space Sciences, C. SirignanoDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, G. SirriINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, L. StancoINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, J. SteinwagnerMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, P. Tallada-CrespíCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y TecnológicasPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, D. TavagnaccoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, H. I. TeplitzInfrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, I. TerenoDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal, R. Toledo-MoreoUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain, F. TorradeflotPort d'Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 BellaterraCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, I. TutusausInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, E. A. ValentijnKapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, L. ValenzianoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, T. VassalloUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, G. Verdoes KleijnKapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands, A. VeropalumboINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Genova, and INFN-Sezione di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, Y. WangInfrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA, J. WellerUniversitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, G. ZamoraniINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, E. ZuccaINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, A. BivianoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, M. BolzonellaINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, E. BozzoDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. BuriganaINAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, M. CalabreseAstronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta ValleyINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, D. Di FerdinandoINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, J. A. Escartin VigoMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, R. FarinelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, J. Gracia-CarpioMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, S. MatthewInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, N. MauriDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, A. PezzottaMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, M. PöntinenDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, V. ScottezInstitut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, FranceJunia, EPA department, 41 Bd Vauban, 59800 Lille, France, M. TentiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, M. VielIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalySISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, M. WiesmannInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, Y. AkramiInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, SpainCERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA, V. AllevatoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, S. AnselmiINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, M. ArchidiaconoDipartimento di Fisica \"Aldo Pontremoli\", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, F. Atrio-BarandelaDepartamento de Física Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de la Merced s/n. 37008 Salamanca, Spain, M. BallardiniDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, A. BlanchardInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, L. BlotCenter for Data-Driven Discovery, Kavli IPMULaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, S. BorganiDipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, S. BrutonMinnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, R. CabanacInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, A. CalabroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, G. Cañas-HerreraEuropean Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The NetherlandsInstitute Lorentz, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands, A. CappiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyUniversité Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France, F. CaroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, C. S. CarvalhoInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal, T. CastroINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, K. C. ChambersInstitute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, S. ContariniMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, A. R. CoorayDepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA, G. DesprezDepartment of Astronomy & Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada, A. Díaz-SánchezDepartamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain, J. J. DiazInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, S. Di DomizioDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, H. DoleUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, S. EscoffierAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, A. G. FerrariDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, P. G. FerreiraDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, I. FerreroInstitute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway, A. FinoguenovDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, A. FontanaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, F. FornariINFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy, L. GabarraDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, K. GangaUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, J. García-BellidoInstituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, T. GasparettoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, E. GaztanagaInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de CatalunyaInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, F. GiacominiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, F. GianottiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, G. GozaliaslDepartment of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, Espoo, FI-00 076, FinlandDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, C. M. GutierrezInstituto de Astrofí sica de Canarias, c/ Via Lactea s/n, La Laguna E-38200, Spain. Departamento de Astrofí sica de la Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Francisco Sanchez, La Laguna, E-38200, Spain, A. HallInstitute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK, H. HildebrandtRuhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute, J. HjorthDARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, A. Jimenez MuñozUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France, S. JoudakiInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, J. J. E. KajavaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, FinlandSerco for European Space Agency, V. KansalARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Melbourne, AustraliaCentre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia, D. KaragiannisSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UKDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa, C. C. KirkpatrickDepartment of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, A. M. C. Le BrunLaboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France, J. Le GraetAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, L. LegrandICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil, J. LesgourguesInstitute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, T. I. LiaudatIRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, A. LoureiroOskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, SwedenAstrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK, J. Macias-PerezUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France, G. MaggioINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, M. MagliocchettiINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy, C. ManciniINAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, F. MannucciINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Firenze, Italy, R. MaoliDipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, J. Martín-FleitasAurora Technology for European Space Agency, C. J. A. P. MartinsCentro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, PortugalInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal, L. MaurinUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, R. B. MetcalfDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"Augusto Righi\" - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, M. MiluzioESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, SpainHE Space for European Space Agency, P. MonacoDipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, A. MontoroInstitute of Space SciencesInstitut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, A. MoraAurora Technology for European Space Agency, C. MorettiSISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, ItalyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, ItalyIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, G. MorganteINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Nicholas A. WaltonInstitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK, L. PaganoDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, L. PatriziiINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, V. PopaInstitute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania, D. PotterDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, I. RissoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, and INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, P. -F. RocciUniversité Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France, M. SahlénTheoretical astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 515, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden, E. SarpaSISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, ItalyICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, ItalyINFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, A. SchneiderDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, M. SerenoINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, P. SimonUniversität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany, A. Spurio ManciniDepartment of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, TW20 0EX, UKMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK, J. StadelDepartment of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland, K. TanidisDepartment of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK, C. TaoAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France, N. TessoreDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, G. TesteraINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, R. TeyssierDepartment of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA, S. ToftCosmic Dawn CenterNiels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark, S. TosiDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, ItalyINFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, A. TrojaDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia \"G. Galilei\", Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, ItalyINFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, M. TucciDepartment of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland, C. ValieriINFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, J. ValiviitaDepartment of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, FinlandHelsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, D. VerganiINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, G. VerzaCenter for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USACenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010, New York, NY, USA, P. VielzeufAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France","doi":"arxiv-2409.07528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07528","url":null,"abstract":"To date, galaxy image simulations for weak lensing surveys usually\u0000approximate the light profiles of all galaxies as a single or double S'ersic\u0000profile, neglecting the influence of galaxy substructures and morphologies\u0000deviating from such a simplified parametric characterization. While this\u0000approximation may be sufficient for previous data sets, the stringent cosmic\u0000shear calibration requirements and the high quality of the data in the upcoming\u0000Euclid survey demand a consideration of the effects that realistic galaxy\u0000substructures have on shear measurement biases. Here we present a novel deep\u0000learning-based method to create such simulated galaxies directly from HST data.\u0000We first build and validate a convolutional neural network based on the wavelet\u0000scattering transform to learn noise-free representations independent of the\u0000point-spread function of HST galaxy images that can be injected into\u0000simulations of images from Euclid's optical instrument VIS without introducing\u0000noise correlations during PSF convolution or shearing. Then, we demonstrate the\u0000generation of new galaxy images by sampling from the model randomly and\u0000conditionally. Next, we quantify the cosmic shear bias from complex galaxy\u0000shapes in Euclid-like simulations by comparing the shear measurement biases\u0000between a sample of model objects and their best-fit double-S'ersic\u0000counterparts. Using the KSB shape measurement algorithm, we find a\u0000multiplicative bias difference between these branches with realistic\u0000morphologies and parametric profiles on the order of $6.9times 10^{-3}$ for a\u0000realistic magnitude-S'ersic index distribution. Moreover, we find clear\u0000detection bias differences between full image scenes simulated with parametric\u0000and realistic galaxies, leading to a bias difference of $4.0times 10^{-3}$\u0000independent of the shape measurement method. This makes it relevant for stage\u0000IV weak lensing surveys such as Euclid.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signatures of Very Early Dark Energy in the Matter Power Spectrum","authors":"Alexander C. Sobotka, Adrienne L. Erickcek, Tristan L. Smith","doi":"arxiv-2409.06778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.06778","url":null,"abstract":"Axion-like scalar fields can induce temporary deviations from the standard\u0000expansion history of the universe. The scalar field's contribution to the\u0000energy density of the universe grows while the field is held constant by Hubble\u0000friction, but when the scalar field starts to evolve, its energy density\u0000decreases faster than the radiation density for some potentials. We explore the\u0000observational signatures of such a scalar field that becomes dynamical between\u0000big bang nucleosynthesis and matter-radiation equality, which we call very\u0000Early Dark Energy (vEDE). If vEDE momentarily dominates the energy density of\u0000the universe, it generates a distinctive feature in the matter power spectrum\u0000that includes a bump on scales that enter the horizon just after the scalar\u0000field starts to evolve. For $k gtrsim 10,h,text{Mpc}^{-1}$, the amplitude\u0000of this bump can exceed the amplitude of the standard matter spectrum. The\u0000power on scales on either side of this peak is suppressed relative to the\u0000standard power spectrum, but only scales that are within the horizon while the\u0000scalar field makes a significant contribution to the total energy density are\u0000affected. We determine how vEDE scenarios are constrained by observations of\u0000the cosmic microwave background, measurements of the primordial deuterium\u0000abundance, and probes of the late-time expansion history. We find that current\u0000observations are consistent with vEDE scenarios that enhance power on scales $k\u0000gtrsim 30,h,text{Mpc}^{-1}$ and nearly double the amplitude of the matter\u0000power spectrum around $200,h,text{Mpc}^{-1}$. These scenarios also suppress\u0000power on scales between $0.3,h,text{Mpc}^{-1}$ and $30,h,text{Mpc}^{-1}$.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving redshift-space power spectra of halo intrinsic alignments from perturbation theory","authors":"Atsushi Taruya, Toshiki Kurita, Teppei Okumura","doi":"arxiv-2409.06616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.06616","url":null,"abstract":"Intrinsic alignments (IAs) of galaxies/halos observed via galaxy imaging\u0000survey, combined with redshift information, offer a novel probe of cosmology as\u0000a tracer of tidal force field of large-scale structure. In this paper, we\u0000present a perturbation theory based model for the redshift-space power spectra\u0000of galaxy/halo IAs that can keep the impact of Finger-of-God damping effect,\u0000known as a nonlinear systematics of redshift-space distortions, under control.\u0000Focusing particularly on galaxy/halo density and IA cross power spectrum, we\u0000derive analytically the explicit expressions for the next-to-leading order\u0000corrections. Comparing the model predictions with $N$-body simulations, we show\u0000that these corrections indeed play an important role for an unbiased\u0000determination of the growth-rate parameter, and hence the model proposed here\u0000can be used for a precision test of gravity on cosmological scales.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the implausible physical implications of a claimed lensed neutral hydrogen detection at redshift z = 1.3","authors":"Roger P. Deane, Tariq Blecher, Danail Obreschkow, Ian Heywood","doi":"arxiv-2409.06812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.06812","url":null,"abstract":"The Square Kilometre Array mid-frequency array will enable high-redshift\u0000detections of neutral hydrogen (HI) emission in galaxies, providing important\u0000constraints on the evolution of cold gas in galaxies over cosmic time. Strong\u0000gravitational lensing will push back the HI emission frontier towards cosmic\u0000noon ($zsim2$), as has been done for all prominent spectral lines in the\u0000interstellar medium of galaxies. Chakraborty & Roy (2023, MNRAS, 519, 4074)\u0000report a $z=1.3$ HI emission detection towards the well-modelled, galaxy-scale\u0000gravitational lens, SDSS J0826+5630. We carry out HI source modelling of the\u0000system and find that their claimed HI magnification, $mu_{rm HI} = 29 pm 6$,\u0000requires an HI disk radius of $lesssim 1.5$ kpc, which implies an implausible\u0000mean HI surface mass density in excess of $Sigma_{rm HI} > 2000$ M$_odot$\u0000pc$^{-2}$. This is several orders of magnitude above the highest measured peak\u0000values $(Sigma_{rm HI} sim 10 , {rm M}_odot,{rm pc}^{-2})$, above which\u0000HI is converted into molecular hydrogen. Our re-analysis requires this to be\u0000the highest HI mass galaxy known (M$_{rm HI}~sim 10^{11}$M$_odot$), as well\u0000as strongly lensed, the latter having a typical probability of order 1 in\u000010$^{3-4}$. We conclude that the claimed detection is spurious.","PeriodicalId":501207,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}