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FreeMHD: validation and verification of the open-source, multi-domain, multi-phase solver for electrically conductive flows FreeMHD:验证和核查用于导电流的开源、多域、多相求解器
Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: arxiv-2409.08950
Brian Wynne, Francisco Saenz, Jabir Al-Salami, Yufan Xu, Zhen Sun, Changhong Hu, Kazuaki Hanada, Egemen Kolemen
The extreme heat fluxes in the divertor region of tokamaks may require analternative to solid plasma-facing components, for the extraction of heat andthe protection of the surrounding walls. Flowing liquid metals are proposed asan alternative, but raise additional challenges that require investigation andnumerical simulations. Free surface designs are desirable for plasma-facingcomponents (PFCs), but steady flow profiles and surface stability must beensured to limit undesirable interactions with the plasma. Previous studieshave mainly used steady-state, 2D, or simplified models for internal flows andhave not been able to adequately model free-surface liquid metal (LM)experiments. Therefore, FreeMHD has been recently developed as an open-sourcemagnetohydrodynamics (MHD) solver for free-surface electrically conductiveflows subject to a strong external magnetic field. The FreeMHD solver computesincompressible free-surface flows with multi-region coupling for theinvestigation of MHD phenomena involving fluid and solid domains. The modelutilizes the finite-volume OpenFOAM framework under the low magnetic Reynoldsnumber approximation. FreeMHD is validated using analytical solutions for thevelocity profiles of closed channel flows with various Hartmann numbers andwall conductance ratios. Next, experimental measurements are then used toverify FreeMHD, through a series of cases involving dam breaking, 3D magneticfields, and free-surface LM flows. These results demonstrate that FreeMHD is areliable tool for the design of LM systems under free surface conditions at thereactor scale. Furthermore, it is flexible, computationally inexpensive, andcan be used to solve fully 3D transient MHD flows.
托卡马克岔流器区域的热通量极高,可能需要一种替代面向等离子体的固体部件的方法来提取热量并保护周围的墙壁。有人建议将流动液态金属作为替代品,但这会带来更多挑战,需要进行调查和数值模拟。面向等离子体的部件(PFC)最好采用自由表面设计,但必须确保稳定的流动剖面和表面稳定性,以限制与等离子体的不良相互作用。以往的研究主要使用稳态、二维或简化模型来处理内部流动,无法充分模拟自由表面液态金属(LM)实验。因此,最近开发了 FreeMHD,作为一种开源磁流体动力学(MHD)求解器,用于受强磁场作用的自由表面导电流。FreeMHD 求解器计算具有多区域耦合的可压缩自由表面流,用于研究涉及流体和固体域的 MHD 现象。该模型在低磁雷诺数近似条件下利用有限体积 OpenFOAM 框架。使用各种哈特曼数和壁传导比的闭合通道流速度剖面的分析解验证了 FreeMHD。接下来,通过一系列涉及溃坝、三维磁场和自由表面 LM 流的案例,使用实验测量来验证 FreeMHD。这些结果表明,FreeMHD 是在自由表面条件下设计反应器尺度 LM 系统的可靠工具。此外,它还非常灵活,计算成本低廉,可用于求解全三维瞬态 MHD 流。
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引用次数: 0
Production and magnetic self-confinement of $e^-e^+$ plasma by an extremely intense laser pulse incident on a structured solid target 结构化固体靶上入射的极强激光脉冲产生 $e^-e^+$ 等离子体并使其磁性自约束
Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: arxiv-2409.09131
Alexander Samsonov, Alexander Pukhov
We propose an all-optical, single-laser-pulse scheme for generating dense,relativistic, strongly-magnetized electron-positron pair plasma. The schemeinvolves the interaction of an extremely intense ($I gtrsimSI{e24}{watt/cm^2}$) circularly polarized laser pulse with a solid-densitytarget containing a conical cavity. Through full-scale three-dimensionalparticle-in-cell (PIC) simulations that account for quantum electrodynamicaleffects, it is shown that this interaction results in two significant outcomes:first, the generation of quasi-static axial magnetic fields reaching tens ofgigagauss due to the inverse Faraday effect; and second, the production oflarge quantities of electron-positron pairs (up to $num{e13}$) via theBreit-Wheeler process. The $e^-e^+$ plasma becomes trapped in the magneticfield and remains confined for hundreds of femtoseconds, far exceeding thelaser timescale. The dependency of pair plasma parameters, as well as theefficiency of plasma production and confinement, is discussed in relation tothe properties of the laser pulse and the target. Realizing this schemeexperimentally would enable the investigation of physical processes relevant toextreme astrophysical environments.
我们提出了一种用于产生高密度、相对论性、强磁化电子-正电子对等离子体的全光学、单激光脉冲方案。该方案涉及极强($I gtrsimSI{e24}{watt/cm^2}$)圆偏振激光脉冲与包含锥形腔的固体密度目标的相互作用。通过考虑量子电动力学效应的全尺度三维腔内粒子(Particle-in-cell,PIC)模拟,结果表明这种相互作用产生了两个重要结果:第一,由于反法拉第效应产生了高达数十千兆高斯的准静态轴向磁场;第二,通过布赖特-维勒过程产生了大量电子-正电子对(高达 $num{e13}$)。e^-e^+$等离子体会被困在磁场中,并保持数百飞秒,远远超过激光的时间尺度。我们讨论了对等离子体参数的依赖性,以及等离子体产生和禁锢的效率与激光脉冲和目标特性的关系。通过实验实现这一方案将能够研究与极端天体物理环境相关的物理过程。
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引用次数: 0
Dephasing of ion beams as Magnetic Vortex Acceleration regime transitions into a bubble-like field structure 磁涡流加速系统过渡到气泡状场结构时离子束的消相现象
Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: arxiv-2409.09156
Sahel Hakimi, Stepan S. Bulanov, Axel Huebl, Lieselotte Obst-Huebl, Kei Nakamura, Anthony Gonsalves, Thomas Schenkel, Jeroen van Tilborg, Jean-Luc Vay, Carl B. Schroeder, Eric Esarey, Cameron R. Geddes
The interaction of an ultra-intense laser pulse with a near critical densitytarget results in the formation of a plasma channel, a strong azimuthalmagnetic field and moving vortices. An application of this is the generation ofenergetic and collimated ion beams via Magnetic Vortex Acceleration. Theoptimized regime of Magnetic Vortex Acceleration is becoming experimentallyaccessible with new high intensity laser beamlines coming online and advancesmade in near critical density target fabrication. The robustness of theacceleration mechanism with realistic experimental conditions is examined withthree-dimensional simulations. Of particular interest is the accelerationperformance with different laser temporal contrast conditions, in some casesleading to pre-expanded target profiles prior to the arrival of the main pulse.Preplasma effects on the structure of the accelerating fields is explored,including a detailed analysis of the ion beam properties and the efficiency ofthe process. Improved scaling laws for the MVA mechanism, including the laserfocal spot size effects, are presented.
超强激光脉冲与接近临界密度的目标相互作用,会形成等离子通道、强方位磁场和运动涡流。其应用之一是通过磁漩涡加速产生能量和准直的离子束。随着新的高强度激光光束线的投入使用和近临界密度靶制造技术的进步,磁漩涡加速的优化机制正在变得可以在实验中使用。我们通过三维模拟研究了加速机制在现实实验条件下的稳健性。特别感兴趣的是不同激光时间对比条件下的加速性能,在某些情况下,会导致在主脉冲到来之前预先扩展目标轮廓。提出了包括激光焦点尺寸效应在内的 MVA 机制的改进缩放定律。
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引用次数: 0
Model-free Rayleigh weight from x-ray Thomson scattering measurements 从 X 射线汤姆逊散射测量得出的无模型瑞利权重
Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: arxiv-2409.08591
Tobias Dornheim, Hannah M. Bellenbaum, Mandy Bethkenhagen, Stephanie B. Hansen, Maximilian P. Böhme, Tilo Döppner, Luke B. Fletcher, Thomas Gawne, Dirk O. Gericke, Sebastien Hamel, Dominik Kraus, Michael J. MacDonald, Zhandos A. Moldabekov, Thomas R. Preston, Ronald Redmer, Maximilian Schörner, Sebastian Schwalbe, Panagiotis Tolias, Jan Vorberger
X-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) has emerged as a powerful tool for thediagnostics of matter under extreme conditions. In principle, it gives oneaccess to important system parameters such as the temperature, density, andionization state, but the interpretation of the measured XRTS intensity usuallyrelies on theoretical models and approximations. In this work, we show that itis possible to extract the Rayleigh weight -- a key property that describes theelectronic localization around the ions -- directly from the experimental datawithout the need for any model calculations or simulations. As a practicalapplication, we consider an experimental measurement of strongly compressed Beat the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [D"oppner emph{et al.},textit{Nature} textbf{618}, 270-275 (2023)]. In addition to being interestingin their own right, our results will open up new avenues for diagnostics fromemph{ab initio} simulations, help to further constrain existing chemicalmodels, and constitute a rigorous benchmark for theory and simulations.
X 射线汤姆逊散射(XRTS)已成为在极端条件下诊断物质的有力工具。从原理上讲,它可以让我们获得重要的系统参数,如温度、密度和电离状态,但对测量到的 XRTS 强度的解释通常依赖于理论模型和近似值。在这项工作中,我们展示了直接从实验数据中提取瑞利权重(描述离子周围电子定位的关键属性)的可能性,而无需任何模型计算或模拟。作为实际应用,我们考虑了美国国家点火装置(NIF)对强压缩殴打的实验测量[D"opner emph{et al.},textit{Nature} textbf{618}, 270-275 (2023)]。除了其本身的意义之外,我们的结果还将为从 (emph{ab initio}模拟中进行诊断开辟新的途径,有助于进一步约束现有的化学模型,并构成理论和模拟的严格基准。
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引用次数: 0
$Etimes B$ shear suppression of microtearing based transport in spherical tokamaks 球形托卡马克中基于微撕裂传输的剪切抑制
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: arxiv-2409.08216
B. S. Patel, M. R. Hardman, D. Kennedy, M. Giacomin, D. Dickinson, C. M. Roach
Electromagnetic microtearing modes (MTMs) have been observed in manydifferent spherical tokamak regimes. Understanding how these and otherelectromagnetic modes nonlinearly saturate is likely critical in understandingthe confinement of a high $beta$ spherical tokamak (ST). Equilibrium $EtimesB$ sheared flows have sometimes been found to significantly suppress low$beta$ ion scale transport in both gyrokinetic simulations and in experiment.This work aims to understand the conditions under which $Etimes B$ shearedflow impacts on the saturation of MTM simulations. Two experimental regimes areexamined from MAST and NSTX, on surfaces that have unstable MTMs. The MTMdriven transport on a local flux surface in MAST is shown to be more resilientto suppression via $Etimes B$ shear, compared to the case from NSTX where theMTM transport is found to be significantly suppressed. This difference in theresponse to flow shear is explained through the impact of magnetic shear,$hat{s}$ on the MTM linear growth rate dependence on ballooning angle,$theta_0$. At low $hat{s}$, the growth rate depends weakly on $theta_0$, butat higher $hat{s}$, the MTM growth rate peaks at $theta_0 = 0$, with regionsof stability at higher $theta_0$. Equilibrium $Etimes B$ sheared flows act toadvect the $theta_0$ of a mode in time, providing a mechanism which suppressesthe transport from these modes when they become stable. The dependence of$gamma^{MTM}$ on $theta_0$ is in qualitative agreement with a recent theory[M.R. Hardman et al (2023)] at low $beta$ when $qsim1$, but the agreementworsens at higher $q$ where the theory breaks down. This work highlights theimportant role of the safety factor profile in determining the impact ofequilibrium $Etimes B$ shear on the saturation level of MTM turbulence.
在许多不同的球形托卡马克机制中都观测到了电磁微earing模式(MTMs)。了解这些模式和其他电磁模式如何非线性饱和,对于理解高贝塔级球形托卡马克(ST)的约束可能至关重要。在陀螺动力学模拟和实验中,有时会发现平衡的$E(timesB)剪切流会显著抑制低$beta$离子尺度的传输。这项工作旨在了解$E(timesB)剪切流对MTM模拟饱和的影响条件。在具有不稳定 MTM 的表面上,对 MAST 和 NSTX 的两种实验机制进行了研究。结果表明,在MAST的局部通量表面上,MTM驱动的输运通过$E/times B$剪切力被抑制的能力更强,而在NSTX的情况下,MTM输运被明显抑制。这种对流动剪切力反应的差异可以通过磁剪切力($hat{s}$)对MTM线性增长率依赖于气球角($theta_0$)的影响来解释。在低$hat{s}$时,增长率对$theta_0$的依赖性很弱,但在高$hat{s}$时,MTM增长率在$theta_0 = 0$时达到峰值,在高$theta_0$时有稳定区域。平衡的 $Etimes B$ 剪切流在时间上对模式的 $theta_0$起着平移作用,提供了一种机制,当这些模式变得稳定时,它抑制了这些模式的传输。gamma^{MTM}$对$theta_0$的依赖性与最近的理论[M.R. Hardman et al (2023)]在低$beta$时(当$qsim1$时)的定性一致,但在高$q$时,一致性变差,此时理论崩溃。这项工作强调了安全系数剖面在确定平衡 $Etimes B$ 剪切力对 MTM 湍流饱和水平的影响方面的重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Two-plasmon decay instability and 3/2 harmonic generation in inhomogeneous magnetized plasma 非均质磁化等离子体中的双等离子衰减不稳定性和 3/2 谐波生成
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: arxiv-2409.07982
S. S. Ghaffari-Oskooei, A. A. Molavi Choobini
Two-plasmon decay instability emerges as the parametric decay of laser beamsinto two plasma waves which is expected for hohlraum in inertial confinementfusion. The behavior of this instability in magnetized plasma is investigatedin the present study where the thermal effects are considered. The studydemonstrates that the applying of a dc magnetic field significantly increasesthe rate at which the instability develops, while the increase of electrontemperature has the opposite effect. The generation of 3/2 harmonic, whichresults from the beating of the incident laser and plasma wave, is also studiedin the present study. The intensity of this harmonic, which appears in thespectrum as a sideband derived analytically, indicates that an increase in thedc magnetic field increases the intensity of this sideband.
双等离子体衰减不稳定性是指激光束参数衰减为两个等离子体波,这是惯性约束聚变中的霍尔效应所预期的。本研究对这种不稳定性在磁化等离子体中的行为进行了研究,并考虑了热效应。研究证明,施加直流磁场会显著提高不稳定性的发展速度,而电前温度的升高则会产生相反的效果。本研究还对入射激光和等离子体波跳动产生的 3/2 谐波进行了研究。该谐波作为边带出现在频谱中,其强度是通过分析得出的。
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引用次数: 0
Probing the radiation-dominated regime of laser-plasma interaction in multi-beam configurations of petawatt lasers 在多波束配置的 petawatt 激光器中探测激光与等离子体相互作用的辐射主导机制
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: arxiv-2409.08134
T. Liseykina, E. Peganov, S. Popruzhenko
We model numerically the ultrarelativistic dynamics of a dense plasmamicrotarget in a focus of several intersecting femtosecond laser pulses ofmulti-petawatt power each. The aim is to examine perspective futureexperimental approaches to the search of the Inverse Faraday Effect induced byradiation friction. We show that multi-beam configurations allow lowering thepeak laser power required to generate a detectable quasi-static longitudinalmagnetic field excited due to the radiation reaction force. The effect remainssignificant at angles around $10^{rm o}$ between the beams, vanishes when theangle exceeds $20^{rm o}$, and remains rather stable with respect tovariations of relative phases and amplitudes of the beams. We conclude thatusing four infrared femtosecond linearly polarized pulses, 15 petawatt powereach, crossing at angles $approx 10^{rm o}$, the radiation-dominated regimeof laser-plasma interaction can be experimentally demonstrated.
我们用数值方法模拟了一个致密的等离子体微目标在数个相交的飞秒激光脉冲聚焦下的超相对论动力学。我们的目的是研究未来的实验方法,以寻找由辐射摩擦引起的反法拉第效应。我们的研究表明,多波束配置可以降低产生辐射反作用力激发的可探测准静态纵向磁场所需的激光峰值功率。当光束之间的夹角在 10^{rm o}$左右时,这种效应仍然很显著;当夹角超过 20^{rm o}$时,这种效应就会消失,并且与光束的相对相位和振幅的变化有关,保持相当稳定。我们的结论是,利用四个红外飞秒线性偏振脉冲(功率为15 petawatt),以大约10^{rm o}$的角度交叉,可以在实验中证明激光与等离子体相互作用的辐射主导机制。
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引用次数: 0
Design Optimization of Nuclear Fusion Reactor through Deep Reinforcement Learning 通过深度强化学习优化核聚变反应堆的设计
Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: arxiv-2409.08231
Jinsu Kim, Jaemin Seo
This research explores the application of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)to optimize the design of a nuclear fusion reactor. DRL can efficiently addressthe challenging issues attributed to multiple physics and engineeringconstraints for steady-state operation. The fusion reactor design computationand the optimization code applicable to parallelization with DRL are developed.The proposed framework enables finding the optimal reactor design thatsatisfies the operational requirements while reducing building costs.Multi-objective design optimization for a fusion reactor is now simplified byDRL, indicating the high potential of the proposed framework for advancing theefficient and sustainable design of future reactors.
本研究探讨了应用深度强化学习(DRL)优化核聚变反应堆设计的问题。DRL 可以有效地解决稳态运行的多重物理和工程约束所带来的挑战性问题。通过深度强化学习,核聚变反应堆的多目标设计优化得以简化,这表明该框架在推进未来反应堆的高效和可持续设计方面具有巨大潜力。
{"title":"Design Optimization of Nuclear Fusion Reactor through Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Jinsu Kim, Jaemin Seo","doi":"arxiv-2409.08231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08231","url":null,"abstract":"This research explores the application of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL)\u0000to optimize the design of a nuclear fusion reactor. DRL can efficiently address\u0000the challenging issues attributed to multiple physics and engineering\u0000constraints for steady-state operation. The fusion reactor design computation\u0000and the optimization code applicable to parallelization with DRL are developed.\u0000The proposed framework enables finding the optimal reactor design that\u0000satisfies the operational requirements while reducing building costs.\u0000Multi-objective design optimization for a fusion reactor is now simplified by\u0000DRL, indicating the high potential of the proposed framework for advancing the\u0000efficient and sustainable design of future reactors.","PeriodicalId":501274,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Plasma Physics","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Universal Diffusion in Coulomb Crystals 库仑晶体中的普遍扩散
Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: arxiv-2409.07513
M. E. Caplan, D. Yaacoub
Diffusion coefficients for crystallized Coulomb plasmas are essentialmicrophysics input for modeling white dwarf cores and neutron star crusts butare poorly understood. In this work we present a model for diffusion in Coulombcrystals. We show that melting and diffusion follow the same universal scalingsuch that diffusion is independent of screening. Our simulations show, contraryto prevailing wisdom, that the formation of vacancies is not suppressed by thelarge pressure. Rather, vacancy formation and hole diffusion is the dominantmode of self diffusion in Coulomb crystals.
结晶库仑等离子体的扩散系数是白矮星内核和中子星外壳建模的重要微观物理输入,但人们对其了解甚少。在这项工作中,我们提出了库仑晶体中的扩散模型。我们证明,熔化和扩散遵循相同的通用标度,因此扩散与屏蔽无关。我们的模拟结果表明,与普遍观点相反,空位的形成并没有受到大压力的抑制。相反,空位形成和空穴扩散是库仑晶体中自扩散的主要模式。
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引用次数: 0
Sub-cycle Nanotip Field Emission of Electrons Driven by Air Plasma Generated THz Pulses 空气等离子体产生的太赫兹脉冲驱动电子的亚周期纳米尖端场发射
Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: arxiv-2409.07196
Benjamin Colmey, Rodrigo T. Paulino, David G. Cooke
Terahertz pulses generated by two-color laser plasmas have reported peakfield strengths exceeding MV/cm, and when illuminating metal nanotips thenear-field enhancement at the tip apex should result in extremely high bunchcharges and electron energies via sub-cycle cold field emission. Here, electronemission from tungsten nanotips driven by THz pulses generated by a longfilament air-plasma are reported. Electron energies up to 1.1 keV and bunchcharges up to 2x$10^5$ electrons per pulse were detected, well below valuesexpected for peak field calculated via the time averaged Poynting vector.Investigations revealed a failure in the use of the time-averaged Poyntingvector when applied to long filament THz pulses, due to spatio-temporalrestructuring of the THz pulse in the focus. Accounting for this restructuringsignificantly reduces the field strength to approximately 160 ~kV/cm,consistent with the observed electron bunch charges, peak energies and theirdependence on the tip position in the THz focus. Despite these findings, ourresults surpass previous THz plasma-driven electron generation by an order ofmagnitude in both electron energy and bunch charge and a path to increasingthese by an additional order of magnitude by modification of the THz optics isproposed.
据报道,由双色激光等离子体产生的太赫兹脉冲的峰值场强超过了 MV/cm,当照射到金属纳米尖端时,尖端顶点的近场增强会通过亚周期冷场发射产生极高的束电和电子能量。这里报告了由长丝空气等离子体产生的太赫兹脉冲驱动的钨纳米尖端的电子发射。研究发现,当应用于长丝太赫兹脉冲时,由于太赫兹脉冲在焦点中的时空重组,时间平均 Poynting 向量的使用失败了。考虑到这种重组,场强会显著降低到大约 160 ~kV/cm,这与观测到的电子束电荷、峰值能量及其与太赫兹焦点中尖端位置的相关性是一致的。尽管有这些发现,我们的结果在电子能量和电子束电荷方面都超过了以前的太赫兹等离子体驱动电子生成的数量级,并提出了通过修改太赫兹光学器件将其再提高一个数量级的途径。
{"title":"Sub-cycle Nanotip Field Emission of Electrons Driven by Air Plasma Generated THz Pulses","authors":"Benjamin Colmey, Rodrigo T. Paulino, David G. Cooke","doi":"arxiv-2409.07196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07196","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz pulses generated by two-color laser plasmas have reported peak\u0000field strengths exceeding MV/cm, and when illuminating metal nanotips the\u0000near-field enhancement at the tip apex should result in extremely high bunch\u0000charges and electron energies via sub-cycle cold field emission. Here, electron\u0000emission from tungsten nanotips driven by THz pulses generated by a long\u0000filament air-plasma are reported. Electron energies up to 1.1 keV and bunch\u0000charges up to 2x$10^5$ electrons per pulse were detected, well below values\u0000expected for peak field calculated via the time averaged Poynting vector.\u0000Investigations revealed a failure in the use of the time-averaged Poynting\u0000vector when applied to long filament THz pulses, due to spatio-temporal\u0000restructuring of the THz pulse in the focus. Accounting for this restructuring\u0000significantly reduces the field strength to approximately 160 ~kV/cm,\u0000consistent with the observed electron bunch charges, peak energies and their\u0000dependence on the tip position in the THz focus. Despite these findings, our\u0000results surpass previous THz plasma-driven electron generation by an order of\u0000magnitude in both electron energy and bunch charge and a path to increasing\u0000these by an additional order of magnitude by modification of the THz optics is\u0000proposed.","PeriodicalId":501274,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Plasma Physics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
arXiv - PHYS - Plasma Physics
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