Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.12.612448
Blanca Arroyo-Correa, Ignasi Bartomeus, Pedro Jordano, E. Fernando Cagua, Daniel B. Stouffer
Mutualistic interactions among organisms are fundamental to the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. Yet the study of community dynamics often relies on values averaged at the species level, ignoring how intraspecific variation can affect those dynamics. We propose a theoretical framework for evaluating the extent to which various forms of variation within populations can influence species' persistence in mutualistic systems. Next, drawing from detailed empirical data on plant-pollinator interactions and plant fitness, we quantify intraspecific variation in the mutualistic benefits received by plants and incorporate this variation into estimations of the community's structural stability, a robust theoretical measure of species' likelihood of persistence. Through explicit consideration of intraspecific variation, we are able to demonstrate that having different combinations of specialized and generalized individuals within plant populations promotes the persistence of pollinator communities. Further, we find that these heterogeneous mixtures of plant individuals reduce the probability of exclusion of focal plant species by promoting indirect effects across the broader plant-pollinator community. By providing a framework that explicitly accounts for individual-level variation, we open the door to a better understanding of the mechanisms promoting biodiversity in mutualistic communities and beyond.
{"title":"Integrating intraspecific variation into population dynamics reveals how interacting species persist in mutualistic communities","authors":"Blanca Arroyo-Correa, Ignasi Bartomeus, Pedro Jordano, E. Fernando Cagua, Daniel B. Stouffer","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.12.612448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.12.612448","url":null,"abstract":"Mutualistic interactions among organisms are fundamental to the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. Yet the study of community dynamics often relies on values averaged at the species level, ignoring how intraspecific variation can affect those dynamics. We propose a theoretical framework for evaluating the extent to which various forms of variation within populations can influence species' persistence in mutualistic systems. Next, drawing from detailed empirical data on plant-pollinator interactions and plant fitness, we quantify intraspecific variation in the mutualistic benefits received by plants and incorporate this variation into estimations of the community's structural stability, a robust theoretical measure of species' likelihood of persistence. Through explicit consideration of intraspecific variation, we are able to demonstrate that having different combinations of specialized and generalized individuals within plant populations promotes the persistence of pollinator communities. Further, we find that these heterogeneous mixtures of plant individuals reduce the probability of exclusion of focal plant species by promoting indirect effects across the broader plant-pollinator community. By providing a framework that explicitly accounts for individual-level variation, we open the door to a better understanding of the mechanisms promoting biodiversity in mutualistic communities and beyond.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.14.613032
Tommaso Jucker, Fabian Fischer, Jerome Chave, David Coomes, John Caspersen, Arshad Ali, Grace Panzou, Ted Feldpausch, Daniel Falster, Vladimir Usoltsev, Toby Jackson, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Luciana Alves, Mohammad Aminpour, Ilondea Angoboy, Niels Anten, Cecile Antin, Yousef Askari, Rodrigo Munoz, Narayanan Ayyappan, Lindsay Banin, Nicolas Barbier, John Battles, Hans Beeckman, Yannick Bocko, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Frans Bongers, Samuel Bowers, Michiel Breugel, Arthur Chantrain, Rajeev Chaudhary, Jingyu Dai, Michele Dalponte, Kangbeni Dimobe, Jean-Christophe Domec, Jean-Louis Doucet, Juan Dupuy-Rada, Remko Duursma, Moises Enriquez, Karin Ewijk, William Farfan-Rios, Adeline Fayolle, Marco Ferretti, Eric Forni, David Forrester, Hammad Gilani, John Godlee, Matthias Haeni, Jefferson Hall, Jie-Kun He, Andreas Hemp, Jose Hernandez-Stefanoni, Steven Higgins, Robert Holdaway, Kiramat Hussain, Lindsay Hutley, Tomoaki Ichie, Yoshiko Iida, Hai-sheng Jiang, Puspa Joshi, Hasan Kaboli, Maryam Kazempour-Larsary, Tanaka Kenzo, Brian Kloeppel, Takashi Kohyama, Suwash Kunwar, Shem Kuyah, Jakub Kvasnica, Siliang Lin, Emily Lines, Hongyan Liu, Craig Lorimer, Jean-Joel Loumeto, Yadvinder Malhi, Peter Marshall, Eskil Mattsson, Radim Matula, Jorge Meave, Sylvanus Mensah, Xiangcheng Mi, Stephane Momo, Glenn Moncrieff, Francisco Mora, Sarath Nissanka, Zamah Nur Hajar, Kevin OHara, Steven Pearce, Raphael Pelissier, Pablo Peri, Pierre Ploton, Lourens Poorter, Mohsen Pour, Hassan Pourbabaei, Sabina Ribeiro, Casey Ryan, Anvar Sanaei, Jennifer Sanger, Michael Schlund, Giacomo Sellan, Alexander Shenkin, Bonaventure Sonke, Frank Sterck, Martin Svatek, Kentaro Takagi, Anna Trugman, Matthew Vadeboncoeur, Ahmad Valipour, Mark Vanderwel, Alejandra Vovides, Peter Waldner, Weiwei Wang, Li-Qiu Wang, Christian Wirth, Murray Woods, Wenhua Xiang, Fabiano Ximenes, Yaozhan Xu, Toshihiro Yamada, Miguel Zavala, Niklaus Zimmermann
Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships that link their height and crown size to their stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of woody ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from >500,000 globally distributed trees, we explored how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height, crown size and shape of the world's tree species. We found that variation in height scaling relationships was primarily controlled by water availability and light competition. Conversely, crown width was predominantly shaped by exposure to wind and fire, while also covarying with other functional traits related to mechanical stability and photosynthesis. Additionally, several plant lineages had crown architectures that defy their environments, such as the exceedingly slender dipterocarps of Southeast Asia, or the extremely wide crowns of legumes in African savannas. Our study charts the global spectrum of tree crown architectural types. It provides a roadmap for integrating crown architecture with vegetation models and remote sensing observations, so that we may better understand the processes that shape the 3D structure of woody ecosystems.
{"title":"The global spectrum of tree crown architecture","authors":"Tommaso Jucker, Fabian Fischer, Jerome Chave, David Coomes, John Caspersen, Arshad Ali, Grace Panzou, Ted Feldpausch, Daniel Falster, Vladimir Usoltsev, Toby Jackson, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Luciana Alves, Mohammad Aminpour, Ilondea Angoboy, Niels Anten, Cecile Antin, Yousef Askari, Rodrigo Munoz, Narayanan Ayyappan, Lindsay Banin, Nicolas Barbier, John Battles, Hans Beeckman, Yannick Bocko, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Frans Bongers, Samuel Bowers, Michiel Breugel, Arthur Chantrain, Rajeev Chaudhary, Jingyu Dai, Michele Dalponte, Kangbeni Dimobe, Jean-Christophe Domec, Jean-Louis Doucet, Juan Dupuy-Rada, Remko Duursma, Moises Enriquez, Karin Ewijk, William Farfan-Rios, Adeline Fayolle, Marco Ferretti, Eric Forni, David Forrester, Hammad Gilani, John Godlee, Matthias Haeni, Jefferson Hall, Jie-Kun He, Andreas Hemp, Jose Hernandez-Stefanoni, Steven Higgins, Robert Holdaway, Kiramat Hussain, Lindsay Hutley, Tomoaki Ichie, Yoshiko Iida, Hai-sheng Jiang, Puspa Joshi, Hasan Kaboli, Maryam Kazempour-Larsary, Tanaka Kenzo, Brian Kloeppel, Takashi Kohyama, Suwash Kunwar, Shem Kuyah, Jakub Kvasnica, Siliang Lin, Emily Lines, Hongyan Liu, Craig Lorimer, Jean-Joel Loumeto, Yadvinder Malhi, Peter Marshall, Eskil Mattsson, Radim Matula, Jorge Meave, Sylvanus Mensah, Xiangcheng Mi, Stephane Momo, Glenn Moncrieff, Francisco Mora, Sarath Nissanka, Zamah Nur Hajar, Kevin OHara, Steven Pearce, Raphael Pelissier, Pablo Peri, Pierre Ploton, Lourens Poorter, Mohsen Pour, Hassan Pourbabaei, Sabina Ribeiro, Casey Ryan, Anvar Sanaei, Jennifer Sanger, Michael Schlund, Giacomo Sellan, Alexander Shenkin, Bonaventure Sonke, Frank Sterck, Martin Svatek, Kentaro Takagi, Anna Trugman, Matthew Vadeboncoeur, Ahmad Valipour, Mark Vanderwel, Alejandra Vovides, Peter Waldner, Weiwei Wang, Li-Qiu Wang, Christian Wirth, Murray Woods, Wenhua Xiang, Fabiano Ximenes, Yaozhan Xu, Toshihiro Yamada, Miguel Zavala, Niklaus Zimmermann","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.14.613032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.14.613032","url":null,"abstract":"Trees can differ enormously in their crown architectural traits, such as the scaling relationships that link their height and crown size to their stem diameter. Yet despite the importance of crown architecture in shaping the structure and function of woody ecosystems, we lack a complete picture of what drives this incredible diversity in crown shapes. Using data from >500,000 globally distributed trees, we explored how climate, disturbance, competition, functional traits, and evolutionary history constrain the height, crown size and shape of the world's tree species. We found that variation in height scaling relationships was primarily controlled by water availability and light competition. Conversely, crown width was predominantly shaped by exposure to wind and fire, while also covarying with other functional traits related to mechanical stability and photosynthesis. Additionally, several plant lineages had crown architectures that defy their environments, such as the exceedingly slender dipterocarps of Southeast Asia, or the extremely wide crowns of legumes in African savannas. Our study charts the global spectrum of tree crown architectural types. It provides a roadmap for integrating crown architecture with vegetation models and remote sensing observations, so that we may better understand the processes that shape the 3D structure of woody ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.12.612663
Zachary R Miller, David A Vasseur, Pincelli M Hull
Dormancy is usually understood as a strategy for coping with extrinsically variable environments, but intrinsic population fluctuations also create conditions where dormancy is adaptive. By analyzing simple population models, we show that, very generally, population fluctuations favor the evolution of dormancy, but dormancy stabilizes population dynamics. This sets up a feedback loop that can enable the coexistence of alternative dormancy strategies. Over longer timescales, we show that evolution of dormancy to an evolutionary stable state can drive populations to the edge of stability, where dynamics are only weakly stabilized. We briefly consider how these conclusions are likely to apply in more complex community contexts. Our results suggest that chaos and high-amplitude population cycles are highly vulnerable to invasion and subsequent stabilization by dormancy, potentially explaining their rarity. At the same time, the propensity of ecological dynamics to fluctuate may be an underappreciated driver of the evolution of dormancy.
{"title":"Stabilization of fluctuating population dynamics via the evolution of dormancy","authors":"Zachary R Miller, David A Vasseur, Pincelli M Hull","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.12.612663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.12.612663","url":null,"abstract":"Dormancy is usually understood as a strategy for coping with extrinsically variable environments, but intrinsic population fluctuations also create conditions where dormancy is adaptive. By analyzing simple population models, we show that, very generally, population fluctuations favor the evolution of dormancy, but dormancy stabilizes population dynamics. This sets up a feedback loop that can enable the coexistence of alternative dormancy strategies. Over longer timescales, we show that evolution of dormancy to an evolutionary stable state can drive populations to the edge of stability, where dynamics are only weakly stabilized. We briefly consider how these conclusions are likely to apply in more complex community contexts. Our results suggest that chaos and high-amplitude population cycles are highly vulnerable to invasion and subsequent stabilization by dormancy, potentially explaining their rarity. At the same time, the propensity of ecological dynamics to fluctuate may be an underappreciated driver of the evolution of dormancy.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.15.612558
Theo Gibbs, Kyle J.-M. Dahlin, Joe Brennan, Cynthia B. Silveira, Lisa C. McManus
Many macroscopic organisms enter into tightly linked symbiosis with microbial communities. Although experimental work has demonstrated the importance of these symbioses, a theoretical understanding of stable, multi-scale coexistence remains underdeveloped. Here, we explored how the competition-colonization tradeoff, a classic coexistence mechanism, operates when bacterial species compete for a dynamic biological host. Specifically, we introduce a model where corals are colonized by fast-growing mutualists and slow-growing pathogens. We found that the vital rates of the host coral influenced coexistence outcomes between bacterial types. Notably, pathogen-induced host death expanded the region of parameter space where coexistence was stable for all three species and mutualistic bacteria enabled coexistence in systems that would have otherwise collapsed. These findings provide new insights into the interplay between microbial interactions and macroscopic processes. Our work illustrates how host-microbe interactions can shape ecosystem stability, providing a theoretical framework applicable to a wide range of symbiotic systems.
{"title":"Coexistence of bacteria with a competition-colonization tradeoff on a dynamic coral host","authors":"Theo Gibbs, Kyle J.-M. Dahlin, Joe Brennan, Cynthia B. Silveira, Lisa C. McManus","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.15.612558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.15.612558","url":null,"abstract":"Many macroscopic organisms enter into tightly linked symbiosis with microbial communities. Although experimental work has demonstrated the importance of these symbioses, a theoretical understanding of stable, multi-scale coexistence remains underdeveloped. Here, we explored how the competition-colonization tradeoff, a classic coexistence mechanism, operates when bacterial species compete for a dynamic biological host. Specifically, we introduce a model where corals are colonized by fast-growing mutualists and slow-growing pathogens. We found that the vital rates of the host coral influenced coexistence outcomes between bacterial types. Notably, pathogen-induced host death expanded the region of parameter space where coexistence was stable for all three species and mutualistic bacteria enabled coexistence in systems that would have otherwise collapsed. These findings provide new insights into the interplay between microbial interactions and macroscopic processes. Our work illustrates how host-microbe interactions can shape ecosystem stability, providing a theoretical framework applicable to a wide range of symbiotic systems.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.14.613059
Lenize Batista Calvão, Ana Paula J. Faria, Carina Kaory Sasahara de Paiva, José Max Barbosa Oliveira-Junior, Javier Muzón, Alex Córdoba-Aguilar, Leandro Juen
Environmental architecture and body temperature drive the distribution of ectothermic species, especially those with specific ecophysiological requirements or narrow ecological niches. In this study, we evaluated the connection between thorax temperature and niche specialization concerning the abundance and species contribution to the beta diversity of adult Odonata in Amazonian streams, employing the Species Contribution to Beta Diversity (SCBD). Our hypotheses were (i) Odonata species’ thorax temperature is positively correlated with both morphology (thorax width) and air temperature, and (ii) the thorax temperature of the Odonata assemblage serves as a more influential predictor than niche specialization in determining species abundance and SCBD. We sampled 46 streams in an anthropized landscape in the Northeastern and Southeastern regions of Pará state, Brazil. Notably, niche breadth emerged as the variable influencing the abundance and SCBD of the Odonata assemblage. Niche position is a predictor for Odonata SCBD and not suborders, and predictor for abundance, except for Anisoptera. Both suborders exhibited a negative relationship between abundance and thoracic temperature. In summary, our results underscore the necessity of considering both niche and ecophysiological predictors to comprehensively assess the Odonata assemblage in Amazonian streams. This holistic approach has implications for conservation efforts and bioassessment practices, offering valuable insights into the collective response of Odonata as a group.
{"title":"Thorax temperature and niche characteristics as predictors of abundance of Amazonian Odonata","authors":"Lenize Batista Calvão, Ana Paula J. Faria, Carina Kaory Sasahara de Paiva, José Max Barbosa Oliveira-Junior, Javier Muzón, Alex Córdoba-Aguilar, Leandro Juen","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.14.613059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.14.613059","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental architecture and body temperature drive the distribution of ectothermic species, especially those with specific ecophysiological requirements or narrow ecological niches. In this study, we evaluated the connection between thorax temperature and niche specialization concerning the abundance and species contribution to the beta diversity of adult Odonata in Amazonian streams, employing the Species Contribution to Beta Diversity (SCBD). Our hypotheses were (i) Odonata species’ thorax temperature is positively correlated with both morphology (thorax width) and air temperature, and (ii) the thorax temperature of the Odonata assemblage serves as a more influential predictor than niche specialization in determining species abundance and SCBD. We sampled 46 streams in an anthropized landscape in the Northeastern and Southeastern regions of Pará state, Brazil. Notably, niche breadth emerged as the variable influencing the abundance and SCBD of the Odonata assemblage. Niche position is a predictor for Odonata SCBD and not suborders, and predictor for abundance, except for Anisoptera. Both suborders exhibited a negative relationship between abundance and thoracic temperature. In summary, our results underscore the necessity of considering both niche and ecophysiological predictors to comprehensively assess the Odonata assemblage in Amazonian streams. This holistic approach has implications for conservation efforts and bioassessment practices, offering valuable insights into the collective response of Odonata as a group.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.14.613029
Bastien Parisy, Niels M. Schmidt, Alyssa R. Cirtwill, Edith Villa-Galaviz, Mikko Tiusanen, Jukka Siren, Cornelya F.C Klutsch, Paul E. Aspholm, Katrine Raundrup, Eero J. Vesterinen, Helena Wirta, Tomas Roslin
Interactions between plants and soil microbes play an important role in structuring plant communities. Yet, little is known about how fungal networks are structured on the one hand by fungal responses to their environment (including their host plant) and on the other by responses to each other. We quantified changes in plant fungus networks along geographic and environmental gradients across the Arctic, assessing the degree to which plants and fungi showed preference for specific interaction partners and how specificity varies along environmental gradients. To this aim, we sampled roots of 12 widely distributed plant taxa: Saxifraga oppositifolia; Bistorta vivipara; Dryas spp.; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; Vaccinium uliginosum; Vaccinium myrtillus; Empetrum nigrum; Betula nana; Salix arctica; Salix polaris; Cassiope tetragona; and Silene acaulis. To quantify the pool of fungi from which plant roots may recruit association partners, we also sampled fungi in the surrounding soil. Identifying fungaI communities by DNA metabarcoding, we used Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC) to assess how fungal communities change along environmental gradients, and whether plants actively select their root associated fungi from the pool of fungi present in the bulk soil. We found that although the fungal communities within the soil and rhizosphere share 85% of genera, their composition differs significantly from each other. The two community types show similar responses to the environment and taxa show low partner fidelity. Thus, the structure of fungal communities on plant rhizosphere is mainly driven by abiotic rather than biotic conditions. Overall, in comparison with null models, networks of plants and rhizosphere-associated fungi showed a distinctly non-random structure, responding strongly to pH and temperature gradients. Our findings suggest that the dynamics and structure of plant and root associated interactions might be severely altered by abiotic changes in the rapidly changing arctic environment.
{"title":"Opportunistic partner choice among arctic plants and root-associated fungi is driven by environmental conditions.","authors":"Bastien Parisy, Niels M. Schmidt, Alyssa R. Cirtwill, Edith Villa-Galaviz, Mikko Tiusanen, Jukka Siren, Cornelya F.C Klutsch, Paul E. Aspholm, Katrine Raundrup, Eero J. Vesterinen, Helena Wirta, Tomas Roslin","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.14.613029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.14.613029","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between plants and soil microbes play an important role in structuring plant communities. Yet, little is known about how fungal networks are structured on the one hand by fungal responses to their environment (including their host plant) and on the other by responses to each other. We quantified changes in plant fungus networks along geographic and environmental gradients across the Arctic, assessing the degree to which plants and fungi showed preference for specific interaction partners and how specificity varies along environmental gradients. To this aim, we sampled roots of 12 widely distributed plant taxa: Saxifraga oppositifolia; Bistorta vivipara; Dryas spp.; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; Vaccinium uliginosum; Vaccinium myrtillus; Empetrum nigrum; Betula nana; Salix arctica; Salix polaris; Cassiope tetragona; and Silene acaulis. To quantify the pool of fungi from which plant roots may recruit association partners, we also sampled fungi in the surrounding soil. Identifying fungaI communities by DNA metabarcoding, we used Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC) to assess how fungal communities change along environmental gradients, and whether plants actively select their root associated fungi from the pool of fungi present in the bulk soil. We found that although the fungal communities within the soil and rhizosphere share 85% of genera, their composition differs significantly from each other. The two community types show similar responses to the environment and taxa show low partner fidelity. Thus, the structure of fungal communities on plant rhizosphere is mainly driven by abiotic rather than biotic conditions. Overall, in comparison with null models, networks of plants and rhizosphere-associated fungi showed a distinctly non-random structure, responding strongly to pH and temperature gradients. Our findings suggest that the dynamics and structure of plant and root associated interactions might be severely altered by abiotic changes in the rapidly changing arctic environment.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.12.612612
Hannah Myers, Daniel Olsen, Amy Van Cise, Kim Parsons, Abigail Wells, Craig Matkin
Top predators influence ecological communities in part through the prey they consume, which they often track through cycles of seasonal and geographic abundance. Killer whales are top predators in the marine ecosystem. In the North Pacific, they have diverged into three distinct lineages with different diets, of which the fish-eating type is most abundant. In this study, we examine the diet of the southern Alaska resident killer whale population across three major foraging aggregations. We take advantage of two unique sampling methods to reveal strong spatiotemporal patterns in diet from May through September. Chinook, chum, and coho salmon were each dominant in different locations and times, with substantial dietary contributions from Pacific halibut, arrowtooth flounder, and sablefish. The diverse, location-specific, and seasonal nature of the feeding habits of this marine top predator highlights the importance of diet sampling across broad spatiotemporal and population-level scales.
{"title":"The diverse diet of southern Alaska resident killer whales changes across spatiotemporally distinct foraging aggregations","authors":"Hannah Myers, Daniel Olsen, Amy Van Cise, Kim Parsons, Abigail Wells, Craig Matkin","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.12.612612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.12.612612","url":null,"abstract":"Top predators influence ecological communities in part through the prey they consume, which they often track through cycles of seasonal and geographic abundance. Killer whales are top predators in the marine ecosystem. In the North Pacific, they have diverged into three distinct lineages with different diets, of which the fish-eating type is most abundant. In this study, we examine the diet of the southern Alaska resident killer whale population across three major foraging aggregations. We take advantage of two unique sampling methods to reveal strong spatiotemporal patterns in diet from May through September. Chinook, chum, and coho salmon were each dominant in different locations and times, with substantial dietary contributions from Pacific halibut, arrowtooth flounder, and sablefish. The diverse, location-specific, and seasonal nature of the feeding habits of this marine top predator highlights the importance of diet sampling across broad spatiotemporal and population-level scales.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-15DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.08.611860
Dmitry V Malashenkov, Lajos Voros, Aiym Duisen, Veronika Dashkova, Aidyn Abilkas, Ivan A Vorobjev, Natasha S Barteneva
The Aral Sea was once the fourth-largest inland water body in the world. However, the lake rapidly shrank over the past six decades, mainly due to the loss of inflow from one of its tributaries, the Amu Darya River. Lakes and reservoirs are traditionally characterized by static chemical and morphological parameters, leaving untouched a dynamic impact of phytoplankton changes. We used an integrated approach combining traditional microscopy and FlowCam-based imaging flow cytometry to study phytoplankton communities during the 2018 and 2019 expeditions in the Aral Sea remnant lakes system. The residual Aral Sea water bodies experienced different environmental conditions, forming hypersaline South Aral, North Aral Sea that is constantly getting freshwater, and brackish Chernyshev Bay and Tushchybas Lake with 2-8 times amplitude of salinity changes attributed to the variability in the precipitation and periodical influx of freshwater. The salinity fluctuations had an impact on the phytoplankton communities in Chernyshev Bay, making it similar to the phytoplankton of North Aral in 2018 while resembling the hypersaline South Aral phytoplankton assemblages in 2019. Multivariate analysis revealed that salinity, water temperature, ammonium, and nitrates were major contributors to explaining the variance in the sampling data. We conclude that drastic phytoplankton fluctuations occur in the two brackish water bodies in the middle of the former Aral Sea, reflecting changes in salinity
{"title":"Assessing Aral Sea residual lake system: impact of fluctuating salinity on phytoplankton communities","authors":"Dmitry V Malashenkov, Lajos Voros, Aiym Duisen, Veronika Dashkova, Aidyn Abilkas, Ivan A Vorobjev, Natasha S Barteneva","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.08.611860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.08.611860","url":null,"abstract":"The Aral Sea was once the fourth-largest inland water body in the world. However, the lake rapidly shrank over the past six decades, mainly due to the loss of inflow from one of its tributaries, the Amu Darya River. Lakes and reservoirs are traditionally characterized by static chemical and morphological parameters, leaving untouched a dynamic impact of phytoplankton changes. We used an integrated approach combining traditional microscopy and FlowCam-based imaging flow cytometry to study phytoplankton communities during the 2018 and 2019 expeditions in the Aral Sea remnant lakes system. The residual Aral Sea water bodies experienced different environmental conditions, forming hypersaline South Aral, North Aral Sea that is constantly getting freshwater, and brackish Chernyshev Bay and Tushchybas Lake with 2-8 times amplitude of salinity changes attributed to the variability in the precipitation and periodical influx of freshwater. The salinity fluctuations had an impact on the phytoplankton communities in Chernyshev Bay, making it similar to the phytoplankton of North Aral in 2018 while resembling the hypersaline South Aral phytoplankton assemblages in 2019. Multivariate analysis revealed that salinity, water temperature, ammonium, and nitrates were major contributors to explaining the variance in the sampling data. We conclude that drastic phytoplankton fluctuations occur in the two brackish water bodies in the middle of the former Aral Sea, reflecting changes in salinity","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.10.612386
Yefeng Yang, Daniel W. A. Noble, Alistair Senior, Malgorzata Lagisz, Shinichi Nakagawa
Despite the importance of identifying predictable regularities for knowledge transfer across contexts, the generality of ecological and evolutionary findings is yet to be systematically quantified. We present the first large-scale evaluation of generality using new metrics. By focusing on biologically relevant study levels, we show that generalization is not uncommon. Overall, 20% of meta-analyses will produce a non-zero effect 95% of the time in future replication studies with a 70% probability of observing meaningful effects in study-level contexts. We argue that the misconception that generalization is exceedingly rare is due to conflating within-study and between-study variances in ecological and evolutionary meta-analyses, which results from focusing too much on total heterogeneity (the sum of within-study and between-study variances). We encourage using our proposed approach to elucidate general patterns underpinning ecological and evolutionary phenomena.
{"title":"Interpreting prediction intervals and distributions for decoding biological generality in meta-analyses","authors":"Yefeng Yang, Daniel W. A. Noble, Alistair Senior, Malgorzata Lagisz, Shinichi Nakagawa","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.10.612386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.10.612386","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the importance of identifying predictable regularities for knowledge transfer across contexts, the generality of ecological and evolutionary findings is yet to be systematically quantified. We present the first large-scale evaluation of generality using new metrics. By focusing on biologically relevant study levels, we show that generalization is not uncommon. Overall, 20% of meta-analyses will produce a non-zero effect 95% of the time in future replication studies with a 70% probability of observing meaningful effects in study-level contexts. We argue that the misconception that generalization is exceedingly rare is due to conflating within-study and between-study variances in ecological and evolutionary meta-analyses, which results from focusing too much on total heterogeneity (the sum of within-study and between-study variances). We encourage using our proposed approach to elucidate general patterns underpinning ecological and evolutionary phenomena.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.11.612434
Hannier Pulido, Consuelo M De Moraes, Kerry Mauck, Mark C Mescher
There is growing evidence that microbial plant symbionts shape interactions between plants and other organisms by modulating gene expression and metabolism. However, the detailed mechanisms mediating such effects are not well understood, particularly in systems where plants interact simultaneously with multiple symbionts and antagonists. In this study, we employed a multi-factorial design to explore the individual and combined effects of two plant-beneficial rhizobacteria (Delftia acidovorans and Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and a pathogen (Bean pod mottle virus: BPMV) on gene expression and metabolite production by soybean plants, as well as downstream effects on plant interactions with a beetle vector of BPMV Epilachna varivestis. Our results document microbial effects on basic metabolism and defense pathways, resulting in increased levels of primary metabolites and depletion of secondary metabolites. These changes are consistent with the observed feeding preferences of beetles for rhizobia-inoculated and virus-infected plants. Together, our results indicate that BPMV infection and rhizobacteria colonization cause dramatic changes in plant metabolites related to nutrition and defense, with significant consequences for an agriculturally important pathosystem.
{"title":"Beneficial rhizobacteria and virus infection modulate the soybean metabolome and influence the feeding preferences of the virus vector Epilachna varivestis.","authors":"Hannier Pulido, Consuelo M De Moraes, Kerry Mauck, Mark C Mescher","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.11.612434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.11.612434","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing evidence that microbial plant symbionts shape interactions between plants and other organisms by modulating gene expression and metabolism. However, the detailed mechanisms mediating such effects are not well understood, particularly in systems where plants interact simultaneously with multiple symbionts and antagonists. In this study, we employed a multi-factorial design to explore the individual and combined effects of two plant-beneficial rhizobacteria (Delftia acidovorans and Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and a pathogen (Bean pod mottle virus: BPMV) on gene expression and metabolite production by soybean plants, as well as downstream effects on plant interactions with a beetle vector of BPMV Epilachna varivestis. Our results document microbial effects on basic metabolism and defense pathways, resulting in increased levels of primary metabolites and depletion of secondary metabolites. These changes are consistent with the observed feeding preferences of beetles for rhizobia-inoculated and virus-infected plants. Together, our results indicate that BPMV infection and rhizobacteria colonization cause dramatic changes in plant metabolites related to nutrition and defense, with significant consequences for an agriculturally important pathosystem.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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