Asim Waqas, Aakash Tripathi, Paul Stewart, Mia Naeini, Ghulam Rasool
Cancer clinics capture disease data at various scales, from genetic to organ level. Current bioinformatic methods struggle to handle the heterogeneous nature of this data, especially with missing modalities. We propose PARADIGM, a Graph Neural Network (GNN) framework that learns from multimodal, heterogeneous datasets to improve clinical outcome prediction. PARADIGM generates embeddings from multi-resolution data using foundation models, aggregates them into patient-level representations, fuses them into a unified graph, and enhances performance for tasks like survival analysis. We train GNNs on pan-Squamous Cell Carcinomas and validate our approach on Moffitt Cancer Center lung SCC data. Multimodal GNN outperforms other models in patient survival prediction. Converging individual data modalities across varying scales provides a more insightful disease view. Our solution aims to understand the patient's circumstances comprehensively, offering insights on heterogeneous data integration and the benefits of converging maximum data views.
{"title":"Embedding-based Multimodal Learning on Pan-Squamous Cell Carcinomas for Improved Survival Outcomes","authors":"Asim Waqas, Aakash Tripathi, Paul Stewart, Mia Naeini, Ghulam Rasool","doi":"arxiv-2406.08521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.08521","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer clinics capture disease data at various scales, from genetic to organ\u0000level. Current bioinformatic methods struggle to handle the heterogeneous\u0000nature of this data, especially with missing modalities. We propose PARADIGM, a\u0000Graph Neural Network (GNN) framework that learns from multimodal, heterogeneous\u0000datasets to improve clinical outcome prediction. PARADIGM generates embeddings\u0000from multi-resolution data using foundation models, aggregates them into\u0000patient-level representations, fuses them into a unified graph, and enhances\u0000performance for tasks like survival analysis. We train GNNs on pan-Squamous\u0000Cell Carcinomas and validate our approach on Moffitt Cancer Center lung SCC\u0000data. Multimodal GNN outperforms other models in patient survival prediction.\u0000Converging individual data modalities across varying scales provides a more\u0000insightful disease view. Our solution aims to understand the patient's\u0000circumstances comprehensively, offering insights on heterogeneous data\u0000integration and the benefits of converging maximum data views.","PeriodicalId":501321,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Cell Behavior","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreas Buttenschön, Shona Sinclair, Leah Edelstein-Keshet
Formation of organs and specialized tissues in embryonic development requires migration of cells to specific targets. In some instances, such cells migrate as a robust cluster. We here explore a recent local approximation of nonlocal continuum models by Falc'o, Baker, and Carrillo (2023). We apply their theoretical results by specifying biologically-based cell-cell interactions, showing how such cell communication results in an effective attraction-repulsion Morse potential. We then explore the clustering instability, the existence and size of the cluster, and its stability. We also extend their work by investigating the accuracy of the local approximation relative to the full nonlocal model.
{"title":"How cells stay together; a mechanism for maintenance of a robust cluster explored by local and nonlocal continuum models","authors":"Andreas Buttenschön, Shona Sinclair, Leah Edelstein-Keshet","doi":"arxiv-2406.02846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.02846","url":null,"abstract":"Formation of organs and specialized tissues in embryonic development requires\u0000migration of cells to specific targets. In some instances, such cells migrate\u0000as a robust cluster. We here explore a recent local approximation of nonlocal\u0000continuum models by Falc'o, Baker, and Carrillo (2023). We apply their\u0000theoretical results by specifying biologically-based cell-cell interactions,\u0000showing how such cell communication results in an effective\u0000attraction-repulsion Morse potential. We then explore the clustering\u0000instability, the existence and size of the cluster, and its stability. We also\u0000extend their work by investigating the accuracy of the local approximation\u0000relative to the full nonlocal model.","PeriodicalId":501321,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Cell Behavior","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141548214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nisha Rokaya, Erin C. Carr, Richard A. Wilson, Congrui Jin
As its next step in space exploration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) revealed plans to establish a permanent human presence on Mars. To build the centrally located, monolithic habitat, NASA has a history of experimenting with lightweight inflatable habitats to reduce mass and volume. However, the physical structures used to outfit the inflatable must generally be launched by a second spacecraft. This study proposes that, rather than shipping prefabricated outfitting elements to Mars, habitat outfitting can be realized by in-situ construction using cyanobacteria and fungi as building agents. A synthetic lichen system, composed of diazotrophic cyanobacteria and filamentous fungi, can be created to produce abundant biominerals (CaCO3) and biopolymers, which will glue Martian regolith into consolidated building blocks. These self-growing building blocks can be assembled into various structures, such as floors, walls, partitions, and furniture.
{"title":"Lichen-Mediated Self-Growing Construc8on Materials for Habitat Outfitting on Mars","authors":"Nisha Rokaya, Erin C. Carr, Richard A. Wilson, Congrui Jin","doi":"arxiv-2406.02522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2406.02522","url":null,"abstract":"As its next step in space exploration, the National Aeronautics and Space\u0000Administration (NASA) revealed plans to establish a permanent human presence on\u0000Mars. To build the centrally located, monolithic habitat, NASA has a history of\u0000experimenting with lightweight inflatable habitats to reduce mass and volume.\u0000However, the physical structures used to outfit the inflatable must generally\u0000be launched by a second spacecraft. This study proposes that, rather than\u0000shipping prefabricated outfitting elements to Mars, habitat outfitting can be\u0000realized by in-situ construction using cyanobacteria and fungi as building\u0000agents. A synthetic lichen system, composed of diazotrophic cyanobacteria and\u0000filamentous fungi, can be created to produce abundant biominerals (CaCO3) and\u0000biopolymers, which will glue Martian regolith into consolidated building\u0000blocks. These self-growing building blocks can be assembled into various\u0000structures, such as floors, walls, partitions, and furniture.","PeriodicalId":501321,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Cell Behavior","volume":"125 20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141256962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a mathematical model of the evolutionary dynamics of a metastatic tumour under chemotherapy, comprising non-local partial differential equations for the phenotype-structured cell populations in the primary tumour and its metastasis. These equations are coupled with a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model of drug delivery, implementing a realistic delivery schedule. The model is carefully calibrated from the literature, focusing on BRAF-mutated melanoma treated with Dabrafenib as a case study. By means of long-time asymptotic analysis, global sensitivity analysis and numerical simulations, we explore the impact of cell migration from the primary to the metastatic site, physiological aspects of the tumour sites and drug dose on the development of drug resistance and treatment efficacy. Our findings provide a possible explanation for empirical evidence indicating that chemotherapy may foster metastatic spread and that metastatic sites may be less impacted by chemotherapy.
{"title":"The development of drug resistance in metastatic tumours under chemotherapy: an evolutionary perspective","authors":"Federica Padovano, Luis Almeida, Chiara Villa","doi":"arxiv-2405.20203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.20203","url":null,"abstract":"We present a mathematical model of the evolutionary dynamics of a metastatic\u0000tumour under chemotherapy, comprising non-local partial differential equations\u0000for the phenotype-structured cell populations in the primary tumour and its\u0000metastasis. These equations are coupled with a physiologically-based\u0000pharmacokinetic model of drug delivery, implementing a realistic delivery\u0000schedule. The model is carefully calibrated from the literature, focusing on\u0000BRAF-mutated melanoma treated with Dabrafenib as a case study. By means of\u0000long-time asymptotic analysis, global sensitivity analysis and numerical\u0000simulations, we explore the impact of cell migration from the primary to the\u0000metastatic site, physiological aspects of the tumour sites and drug dose on the\u0000development of drug resistance and treatment efficacy. Our findings provide a\u0000possible explanation for empirical evidence indicating that chemotherapy may\u0000foster metastatic spread and that metastatic sites may be less impacted by\u0000chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":501321,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Cell Behavior","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mobina Tousian, Christian Solis Calero, Julio Cesar Perez Sansalvador
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and resistance to therapy. A principal component of the TME is the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which includes various immune cells such as macrophages. Depending on the signals received from environmental elements like IL-4 or IFN-$gamma$, macrophages can exhibit pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. This study uses an enhanced agent-based model to simulate interactions within the TIME, focusing on the dynamic behavior of macrophages. We examine the response of cancer cell populations to alterations in macrophages, categorized into three different behaviors: M0 (initial-inactive), M1 (immune-upholding), and M2 (immune-repressing), as well as environmental differentiations. The results highlight the significant impact of macrophage modulation on tumor proliferation and suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting these immune cells.
肿瘤微环境（TME）在癌细胞增殖、侵袭和抗药性方面起着至关重要的作用。肿瘤微环境的一个主要组成部分是肿瘤免疫微环境（TIME），其中包括各种免疫细胞，如巨噬细胞。根据从IL-4或IFN-$gamma$等环境要素接收到的信号，巨噬细胞可表现出促炎症（M1）或抗炎症（M2）表型。本研究使用基于增强代理的模型模拟 TIME 内的相互作用，重点关注巨噬细胞的动态行为。我们研究了癌细胞群对巨噬细胞变化的反应，并将其分为三种不同的行为：M0（初始不活跃）、M1（免疫维持）和 M2（免疫抑制），以及环境分化。研究结果凸显了巨噬细胞调节对肿瘤扩散的重大影响，并提出了针对这些免疫细胞的潜在治疗策略。
{"title":"Immune cells interactions in the tumor microenvironment","authors":"Mobina Tousian, Christian Solis Calero, Julio Cesar Perez Sansalvador","doi":"arxiv-2405.18452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.18452","url":null,"abstract":"The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in cancer cell\u0000proliferation, invasion, and resistance to therapy. A principal component of\u0000the TME is the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which includes various\u0000immune cells such as macrophages. Depending on the signals received from\u0000environmental elements like IL-4 or IFN-$gamma$, macrophages can exhibit\u0000pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. This study uses an\u0000enhanced agent-based model to simulate interactions within the TIME, focusing\u0000on the dynamic behavior of macrophages. We examine the response of cancer cell\u0000populations to alterations in macrophages, categorized into three different\u0000behaviors: M0 (initial-inactive), M1 (immune-upholding), and M2\u0000(immune-repressing), as well as environmental differentiations. The results\u0000highlight the significant impact of macrophage modulation on tumor\u0000proliferation and suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting these\u0000immune cells.","PeriodicalId":501321,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Cell Behavior","volume":"2020 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valentin WössnerHeidelberg University, Oliver M. DrozdowskiHeidelberg University, Falko ZiebertHeidelberg University, Ulrich S. SchwarzHeidelberg University
Migration of animal cells is based on the interplay between actin polymerization at the front, adhesion along the cell-substrate interface, and actomyosin contractility at the back. Active gel theory has been used before to demonstrate that actomyosin contractility is sufficient for polarization and self-sustained cell migration in the absence of external cues, but did not consider the dynamics of adhesion. Likewise, migration models based on the mechanosensitive dynamics of adhesion receptors usually do not include the global dynamics of intracellular flow. Here we show that both aspects can be combined in a minimal active gel model for one-dimensional cell migration with dynamic adhesion. This model demonstrates that load sharing between the adhesion receptors leads to symmetry breaking, with stronger adhesion at the front, and that bistability of migration arises for intermediate adhesiveness. Local variations in adhesiveness are sufficient to switch between sessile and motile states, in qualitative agreement with experiments.
{"title":"Active gel model for one-dimensional cell migration coupling actin flow and adhesion dynamics","authors":"Valentin WössnerHeidelberg University, Oliver M. DrozdowskiHeidelberg University, Falko ZiebertHeidelberg University, Ulrich S. SchwarzHeidelberg University","doi":"arxiv-2405.16870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.16870","url":null,"abstract":"Migration of animal cells is based on the interplay between actin\u0000polymerization at the front, adhesion along the cell-substrate interface, and\u0000actomyosin contractility at the back. Active gel theory has been used before to\u0000demonstrate that actomyosin contractility is sufficient for polarization and\u0000self-sustained cell migration in the absence of external cues, but did not\u0000consider the dynamics of adhesion. Likewise, migration models based on the\u0000mechanosensitive dynamics of adhesion receptors usually do not include the\u0000global dynamics of intracellular flow. Here we show that both aspects can be\u0000combined in a minimal active gel model for one-dimensional cell migration with\u0000dynamic adhesion. This model demonstrates that load sharing between the\u0000adhesion receptors leads to symmetry breaking, with stronger adhesion at the\u0000front, and that bistability of migration arises for intermediate adhesiveness.\u0000Local variations in adhesiveness are sufficient to switch between sessile and\u0000motile states, in qualitative agreement with experiments.","PeriodicalId":501321,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Cell Behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141170504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This brief `New & Notable' (perspectives-type) article contains a mini-review on stochastic modelling of cell migration before elaborating on the article by Klimek et al., arXiv:2311.16753 [Biophys. J. 123, 1173-1183 (2024)].
这篇简短的 "最新与值得关注"（perspectives-type）文章包含一篇关于细胞迁移随机建模的小型综述，然后阐述了克里梅克等人的文章，arXiv:2311.16753 [Biophys. J. 123, 1173-1183 (2024)]。
{"title":"Cell migration: Beyond Brownian motion","authors":"Rainer Klages","doi":"arxiv-2405.17578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.17578","url":null,"abstract":"This brief `New & Notable' (perspectives-type) article contains a mini-review\u0000on stochastic modelling of cell migration before elaborating on the article by\u0000Klimek et al., arXiv:2311.16753 [Biophys. J. 123, 1173-1183 (2024)].","PeriodicalId":501321,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Cell Behavior","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141173248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Narayanankutty, J. A. Pereiro-Morejon, A. Ferrero, V. Onesto, S. Forciniti, L. L. del Mercato, R. Mulet, A. De Martino, D. S. Tourigny, D. De Martino
Overflow metabolism is a ubiquitous phenomenon whereby cells in aerobic conditions excrete byproducts of glycolysis, such as lactate or acetate, into the medium in a seemingly wasteful and polluting fashion. Whilst overflow may confer microbes a fitness advantage by allowing them to overcome a finite oxidative capacity, its occurrence in higher organisms is harder to assess. Important insight was however obtained in recent experiments conducted at single-cell resolution, which revealed that accumulation of overflow products in tumor cell cultures known as the Warburg effect arises from imbalances in the dynamic and heterogeneous inter-cellular exchange network through which cells collectively regulate the microenvironment. Here we provide a quantitative characterization of this scenario by integrating metabolic network modeling with diffusion constraints, statistical physics theory and single-cell experimental flux data. On the theoretical side, we clarify how diffusion-limited exchanges shape the space of viable metabolic states of a multi-cellular system. Specifically, a phase transition from a balanced network of exchanges to an unbalanced overflow regime occurs as the mean cellular glucose and oxygen uptakes vary while single-cell metabolic phenotypes are highly heterogeneous around this transition. We then show that time-resolved data from human tumor-stroma cell co-cultures consistently map to this crossover region, supporting the idea that environmental deterioration reflects a failure of coordination among recurrently interacting cells. In summary, our findings suggest that, rather than deriving from multiple independent cell-autonomous processes, environmental control is an emergent feature of multi-cellular systems.
{"title":"Emergent behaviour and phase transitions in spatially distributed multi-cellular metabolic networks","authors":"K. Narayanankutty, J. A. Pereiro-Morejon, A. Ferrero, V. Onesto, S. Forciniti, L. L. del Mercato, R. Mulet, A. De Martino, D. S. Tourigny, D. De Martino","doi":"arxiv-2405.13424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.13424","url":null,"abstract":"Overflow metabolism is a ubiquitous phenomenon whereby cells in aerobic\u0000conditions excrete byproducts of glycolysis, such as lactate or acetate, into\u0000the medium in a seemingly wasteful and polluting fashion. Whilst overflow may\u0000confer microbes a fitness advantage by allowing them to overcome a finite\u0000oxidative capacity, its occurrence in higher organisms is harder to assess.\u0000Important insight was however obtained in recent experiments conducted at\u0000single-cell resolution, which revealed that accumulation of overflow products\u0000in tumor cell cultures known as the Warburg effect arises from imbalances in\u0000the dynamic and heterogeneous inter-cellular exchange network through which\u0000cells collectively regulate the microenvironment. Here we provide a\u0000quantitative characterization of this scenario by integrating metabolic network\u0000modeling with diffusion constraints, statistical physics theory and single-cell\u0000experimental flux data. On the theoretical side, we clarify how\u0000diffusion-limited exchanges shape the space of viable metabolic states of a\u0000multi-cellular system. Specifically, a phase transition from a balanced network\u0000of exchanges to an unbalanced overflow regime occurs as the mean cellular\u0000glucose and oxygen uptakes vary while single-cell metabolic phenotypes are\u0000highly heterogeneous around this transition. We then show that time-resolved\u0000data from human tumor-stroma cell co-cultures consistently map to this\u0000crossover region, supporting the idea that environmental deterioration reflects\u0000a failure of coordination among recurrently interacting cells. In summary, our\u0000findings suggest that, rather than deriving from multiple independent\u0000cell-autonomous processes, environmental control is an emergent feature of\u0000multi-cellular systems.","PeriodicalId":501321,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Cell Behavior","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141145951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider a run-and-tumble particle whose speed and tumbling rate are space-dependent on an infinite line. Unlike most of the previous work on such models, here we make the physical assumption that at large distances, these rates saturate to a constant. For our choice of rate functions, we show that a stationary state exists, and the exact steady state distribution decays exponentially or faster and can be unimodal or bimodal. The effect of boundedness of rates is seen in the mean-squared displacement of the particle that displays qualitative features different from those observed in the previous studies where it approaches the stationary state value monotonically in time; in contrast, here we find that if the initial position of the particle is sufficiently far from the origin, the variance in its position either varies nonmonotonically or plateaus before reaching the stationary state. These results are captured quantitatively by the exact solution of the Green's function when the particle has uniform speed but the tumbling rates change as a step-function in space; the insights provided by this limiting case are found to be consistent with the numerical results for the general model.
{"title":"Run-and-tumble particle with saturating rates","authors":"Kavita Jain, Sakuntala Chatterjee","doi":"arxiv-2405.13521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.13521","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a run-and-tumble particle whose speed and tumbling rate are\u0000space-dependent on an infinite line. Unlike most of the previous work on such\u0000models, here we make the physical assumption that at large distances, these\u0000rates saturate to a constant. For our choice of rate functions, we show that a\u0000stationary state exists, and the exact steady state distribution decays\u0000exponentially or faster and can be unimodal or bimodal. The effect of\u0000boundedness of rates is seen in the mean-squared displacement of the particle\u0000that displays qualitative features different from those observed in the\u0000previous studies where it approaches the stationary state value monotonically\u0000in time; in contrast, here we find that if the initial position of the particle\u0000is sufficiently far from the origin, the variance in its position either varies\u0000nonmonotonically or plateaus before reaching the stationary state. These\u0000results are captured quantitatively by the exact solution of the Green's\u0000function when the particle has uniform speed but the tumbling rates change as a\u0000step-function in space; the insights provided by this limiting case are found\u0000to be consistent with the numerical results for the general model.","PeriodicalId":501321,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Cell Behavior","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141146026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cotesia typhae is an eastern African endoparasitoid braconid wasp that targets the larval stage of the lepidopteran stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides, a maize crop pest in Europe. The French host population is partially resistant to the Makindu strain of the wasp, allowing its development in only 40% of the cases. Resistant larvae can encapsulate the parasitoid and survive the infection. This interaction provides a very interesting frame for investigating the impact of parasitism on host cellular resistance. We characterized the parasitoid ovolarval development in a permissive host and studied the encapsulation process in a resistant host by dissection and histological sectioning compared to that of inert chromatography beads. We measured the total hemocyte count in parasitized and bead-injected larvae over time to monitor the magnitude of the immune reaction. Our results show that parasitism of resistant hosts delayed encapsulation but did not affect immune abilities towards inert beads. Moreover, while bead injection increased total hemocyte count, it remained constant in resistant and permissive larvae. We conclude that while Cotesia spp virulence factors are known to impair the host immune system, our results suggest that passive evasion could also occur.
{"title":"Cellular dynamics of host-parasitoid interactions: Insights from the encapsulation process in a partially resistant host","authors":"Samuel GornardEGCE, Florence Mougel, Isabelle Germon, Véronique Borday-Birraux, Pascaline Venon, Salimata Drabo, Laure Marie-Paule Kaiser-Arnauld","doi":"arxiv-2405.07771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2405.07771","url":null,"abstract":"Cotesia typhae is an eastern African endoparasitoid braconid wasp that\u0000targets the larval stage of the lepidopteran stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides,\u0000a maize crop pest in Europe. The French host population is partially resistant\u0000to the Makindu strain of the wasp, allowing its development in only 40% of the\u0000cases. Resistant larvae can encapsulate the parasitoid and survive the\u0000infection. This interaction provides a very interesting frame for investigating\u0000the impact of parasitism on host cellular resistance. We characterized the\u0000parasitoid ovolarval development in a permissive host and studied the\u0000encapsulation process in a resistant host by dissection and histological\u0000sectioning compared to that of inert chromatography beads. We measured the\u0000total hemocyte count in parasitized and bead-injected larvae over time to\u0000monitor the magnitude of the immune reaction. Our results show that parasitism\u0000of resistant hosts delayed encapsulation but did not affect immune abilities\u0000towards inert beads. Moreover, while bead injection increased total hemocyte\u0000count, it remained constant in resistant and permissive larvae. We conclude\u0000that while Cotesia spp virulence factors are known to impair the host immune\u0000system, our results suggest that passive evasion could also occur.","PeriodicalId":501321,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - QuanBio - Cell Behavior","volume":"209 0 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140928708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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