Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.24308017
Wasu Mekniran, Odile-Florence Giger, Elgar Fleisch, Tobias Kowatsch, Mia Jovanova
Background The global aging population underscores a critical need to tackle accompanying health and economic challenges, at all levels of society. This All-of-Society approach emphasizes the involvement of various stakeholders—governments, NGOs, researcher centers, private companies, local communities, and opinion leaders—to collectively promote healthy aging. However, how stakeholders enable healthy longevity remains unclear.
{"title":"The Longevity Landscape: Value Creation for Healthy Aging","authors":"Wasu Mekniran, Odile-Florence Giger, Elgar Fleisch, Tobias Kowatsch, Mia Jovanova","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.28.24308017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.28.24308017","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> The global aging population underscores a critical need to tackle accompanying health and economic challenges, at all levels of society. This <em>All-of-Society</em> approach emphasizes the involvement of various stakeholders—governments, NGOs, researcher centers, private companies, local communities, and opinion leaders—to collectively promote healthy aging. However, how stakeholders enable healthy longevity remains unclear.","PeriodicalId":501386,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.05.24306901
Yulianti Paula Bria, Paskalis Andrianus Nani, Yovinia Carmeneja Hoar Siki, Natalia Magdalena Rafu Mamulak, Emiliana Metan Meolbatak, Robertus Dole Guntur
Objectives This research aims to determine the important features including symptoms and risk factors for dengue diagnosis.
目标 本研究旨在确定登革热诊断的重要特征，包括症状和风险因素。
{"title":"Determining important features for dengue diagnosis using feature selection methods","authors":"Yulianti Paula Bria, Paskalis Andrianus Nani, Yovinia Carmeneja Hoar Siki, Natalia Magdalena Rafu Mamulak, Emiliana Metan Meolbatak, Robertus Dole Guntur","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.05.24306901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.05.24306901","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Objectives</strong> This research aims to determine the important features including symptoms and risk factors for dengue diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":501386,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Given increased attention to the maternal health crisis, its heavy toll on Black birthing persons, and recognition that most pregnancy-related deaths occur in the extended postpartum period, Illinois implemented a Postpartum Medicaid Extension (PME).
{"title":"Preparing for the Postpartum Medicaid Extension Evaluation in Illinois","authors":"Arden Handler, Caitlin Meyer Krause, Kristin Rankin","doi":"10.1101/2024.05.03.24306844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.05.03.24306844","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Given increased attention to the maternal health crisis, its heavy toll on Black birthing persons, and recognition that most pregnancy-related deaths occur in the extended postpartum period, Illinois implemented a Postpartum Medicaid Extension (PME).","PeriodicalId":501386,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140940876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.24306648
Sara Rotenberg, Veronika Reichenberger, Tracey Smythe
People with disabilities generally have worse health outcomes than people without disabilities, leading to a 10–20-year difference in life expectancy. Research on the barriers to accessing health care frequently points to the role of health workers’ attitudes and lack of training to provide high quality health care to people with disabilities. Current training initiatives are unsystematic and limited to specific cadres or institutions. Yet, many countries that have adopted the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities likely have legal obligations to train health workers on disability in these laws. The purpose of this paper was to systematically explore the laws and policies in sub-Saharan Africa to understand how countries should be training their health workers. We searched WHO MiNDBANK and UN websites for disability laws and policies. We systemically extracted information across 11 domains: 1) requirements, 2) training objectives, 3) training cost, 4) training duration, 5) competencies covered, 6) educational stage, 7) training methods, 8) impairment-specific, 9) cadres, 10) benefits for attendance, and 11) monitoring and evaluation plans. 53 documents in English, French, and Portuguese from 32 countries were eligible for inclusion, while 16 countries had no disability laws or policies. Of the documents included, 24 (45%) did not have any mention of health worker training, while 17 (32%) recommended and 10 (19%) required health worker training. Most laws had no further specifications to describe training, though more robust laws and policies had information on the budget allocation, competencies, educational stage, and cadres included. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa do have disability laws that require health worker training, and more countries should be including health worker training in their curricula to comply with their national laws.
{"title":"Have we forgotten our obligation to train health workers on disability? A policy analysis in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Sara Rotenberg, Veronika Reichenberger, Tracey Smythe","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.30.24306648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.30.24306648","url":null,"abstract":"People with disabilities generally have worse health outcomes than people without disabilities, leading to a 10–20-year difference in life expectancy. Research on the barriers to accessing health care frequently points to the role of health workers’ attitudes and lack of training to provide high quality health care to people with disabilities. Current training initiatives are unsystematic and limited to specific cadres or institutions. Yet, many countries that have adopted the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities likely have legal obligations to train health workers on disability in these laws. The purpose of this paper was to systematically explore the laws and policies in sub-Saharan Africa to understand how countries should be training their health workers. We searched WHO MiNDBANK and UN websites for disability laws and policies. We systemically extracted information across 11 domains: 1) requirements, 2) training objectives, 3) training cost, 4) training duration, 5) competencies covered, 6) educational stage, 7) training methods, 8) impairment-specific, 9) cadres, 10) benefits for attendance, and 11) monitoring and evaluation plans. 53 documents in English, French, and Portuguese from 32 countries were eligible for inclusion, while 16 countries had no disability laws or policies. Of the documents included, 24 (45%) did not have any mention of health worker training, while 17 (32%) recommended and 10 (19%) required health worker training. Most laws had no further specifications to describe training, though more robust laws and policies had information on the budget allocation, competencies, educational stage, and cadres included. Several countries in sub-Saharan Africa do have disability laws that require health worker training, and more countries should be including health worker training in their curricula to comply with their national laws.","PeriodicalId":501386,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140884898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-30DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.28.24306511
Luz María Sánchez-Romero, Yameng Li, Luis Zavala-Arciniega, Katia Gallegos-Carrillo, James F. Thrasher, Rafael Meza, David T. Levy
Objective To develop the Mexico Smoking and Vaping Model (Mexico SAVM) to estimate cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) prevalence and the public health impact of legalizing ENDS use.
{"title":"The potential impact of removing a ban on electronic nicotine delivery systems using the Mexico smoking and vaping model (SAVM)","authors":"Luz María Sánchez-Romero, Yameng Li, Luis Zavala-Arciniega, Katia Gallegos-Carrillo, James F. Thrasher, Rafael Meza, David T. Levy","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.28.24306511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.28.24306511","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Objective</strong> To develop the Mexico Smoking and Vaping Model (Mexico SAVM) to estimate cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) prevalence and the public health impact of legalizing ENDS use.","PeriodicalId":501386,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.24305554
Stacey Pereira, Calvin Apodaca, Kyle Slominski, Rachele K. Lipsky, Cristian Coarfa, Cheryl L. Walker, Amy L. McGuire, Lea Steele, Drew A. Helmer
Background With the signing of the PACT Act in 2022, there is great interest and investment in studying toxic exposures encountered during military service. One way to address this is through the identification of epigenomic biomarkers associated with exposures. There is increasing evidence suggesting that exposure to toxic substances may result in alterations to DNA methylation and resultant gene expression. These epigenomic changes may lead to adverse health effects for exposed individuals and their offspring. While the development of epigenomic biomarkers for exposures could facilitate understanding of these exposure-related health effects, such testing could also provide unwanted information.
背景 随着 2022 年《PACT 法案》的签署，人们对研究服兵役期间所接触的有毒物质产生了浓厚的兴趣并投入了大量资金。解决这一问题的方法之一是鉴定与暴露相关的表观基因组生物标志物。越来越多的证据表明，暴露于有毒物质可能会导致 DNA 甲基化和基因表达的改变。这些表观基因组变化可能会对接触者及其后代的健康产生不利影响。虽然开发暴露的表观基因组生物标志物有助于了解这些与暴露有关的健康影响，但这种检测也可能提供不必要的信息。
{"title":"“Holy cow, where do I sign up?” Attitudes of Military Veterans toward Epigenomic Biomarker Toxic Exposure Testing","authors":"Stacey Pereira, Calvin Apodaca, Kyle Slominski, Rachele K. Lipsky, Cristian Coarfa, Cheryl L. Walker, Amy L. McGuire, Lea Steele, Drew A. Helmer","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.09.24305554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.09.24305554","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> With the signing of the PACT Act in 2022, there is great interest and investment in studying toxic exposures encountered during military service. One way to address this is through the identification of epigenomic biomarkers associated with exposures. There is increasing evidence suggesting that exposure to toxic substances may result in alterations to DNA methylation and resultant gene expression. These epigenomic changes may lead to adverse health effects for exposed individuals and their offspring. While the development of epigenomic biomarkers for exposures could facilitate understanding of these exposure-related health effects, such testing could also provide unwanted information.","PeriodicalId":501386,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140636842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.14.24305781
Sumana M Neelambike, Supreeta R Shettar, Yogeesh Maheshwarappa, Praveen Kulkarni
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem. It’s important to create awareness of the rational use of antibiotics to curb AMR.
导言 抗菌药耐药性（AMR）是一个全球性问题。必须树立合理使用抗生素的意识，以遏制 AMR。
{"title":"Gamified interventions to improve the knowledge, awareness and practice on rational use of antibiotics among school children in Mysuru, South India to curb the growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR)","authors":"Sumana M Neelambike, Supreeta R Shettar, Yogeesh Maheshwarappa, Praveen Kulkarni","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.14.24305781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.14.24305781","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Introduction</strong> Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem. It’s important to create awareness of the rational use of antibiotics to curb AMR.","PeriodicalId":501386,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140627376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.24305382
James Larkin, Britta Matthes, Mohamed Azribi, Conor Kearns, Shai Mulinari, Emily Rickard, Frank Moriarty, Tom Fahey, Piotr Ozieranski
Background Pharmaceutical companies make hundreds of millions of pounds in marketing/R&D-related payments annually to healthcare organisations and healthcare professionals. UK pharmaceutical industry self-regulatory bodies require member companies who sign up to their code of conduct to publish details of their payments. They are also required to publish the methodologies underlying these payments - methodological notes. This study aimed to analyse UK pharmaceutical companies’ methodological notes and their adherence to the relevant codes of conduct and guidance.
{"title":"Drug company methodologies used for reporting in the UK pharmaceutical industry payment transparency database between 2015-2019: A content analysis","authors":"James Larkin, Britta Matthes, Mohamed Azribi, Conor Kearns, Shai Mulinari, Emily Rickard, Frank Moriarty, Tom Fahey, Piotr Ozieranski","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.12.24305382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.12.24305382","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Pharmaceutical companies make hundreds of millions of pounds in marketing/R&D-related payments annually to healthcare organisations and healthcare professionals. UK pharmaceutical industry self-regulatory bodies require member companies who sign up to their code of conduct to publish details of their payments. They are also required to publish the methodologies underlying these payments - methodological notes. This study aimed to analyse UK pharmaceutical companies’ methodological notes and their adherence to the relevant codes of conduct and guidance.","PeriodicalId":501386,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-07DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.24305356
David Garibay, Hawre Jalal, Fernando Alarid-Escudero
Purpose Individual-level simulation models often require sampling times to events, however efficient parametric distributions for many processes may often not exist. For example, time to death from life tables cannot be accurately sampled from existing parametric distributions. We propose an efficient nonparametric method to sample times to events that does not require any parametric assumption on the hazards.
{"title":"A computationally efficient nonparametric sampling (NPS) method of time to event for individual-level models","authors":"David Garibay, Hawre Jalal, Fernando Alarid-Escudero","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.05.24305356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.05.24305356","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Purpose</strong> Individual-level simulation models often require sampling times to events, however efficient parametric distributions for many processes may often not exist. For example, time to death from life tables cannot be accurately sampled from existing parametric distributions. We propose an efficient nonparametric method to sample times to events that does not require any parametric assumption on the hazards.","PeriodicalId":501386,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.01.24305186
Tausi Haruna, Henry Duah, Rebecca Lee
Background Women’s health decision-making autonomy is fundamental for the health and well-being of women and their children. Like most parts of Africa, women’s status in Tanzania remains contentious, with an estimated 19% prevalence of health decision-making autonomy in 2015. Given that women’s health decision-making autonomy is an ongoing process affected by technological and economic growth and social and cultural changes, understanding the sociodemographic correlates of women’s autonomy is imperative.
{"title":"Factors associated with health decision-making autonomy on own healthcare among Tanzanian women: A 2022-2023 demographic health survey study","authors":"Tausi Haruna, Henry Duah, Rebecca Lee","doi":"10.1101/2024.04.01.24305186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.01.24305186","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Women’s health decision-making autonomy is fundamental for the health and well-being of women and their children. Like most parts of Africa, women’s status in Tanzania remains contentious, with an estimated 19% prevalence of health decision-making autonomy in 2015. Given that women’s health decision-making autonomy is an ongoing process affected by technological and economic growth and social and cultural changes, understanding the sociodemographic correlates of women’s autonomy is imperative.","PeriodicalId":501386,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Health Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140591785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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