In the current work, the efficacy of sago starch as potential biopolymer‐blends with sodium alginate in the designing of sustained drug‐releasing particles for oral delivery is investigated, where calcium alginate‐sago starch particles are prepared via ionic gelation process employing calcium chloride as ionic cross‐linker. These particles showed the aceclofenac loading of 16.94 ± 0.94–18.92 ± 1.17%, aceclofenac encapsulation efficiency of 84.72 ± 1.94–94.59 ± 3.53%, and average particle‐size of 1.11 ± 0.09–1.32 ± 0.11 mm. FESEM analysis indicated spherical‐shaped particles with rough surfaces. FTIR and P‐XRD analyses demonstrated absence of any kinds of interactions in‐between drug‐polymers within particles and the encapsulated aceclofenac present within these polymeric particles is in the amorphous state. All these formulated polymeric particles demonstrated sustained in vitro aceclofenac releasing profile over 12 h and pH‐responsive performance of in vitro swelling. These kinds of sustained drug‐releasing sago starch‐based particles can be advantageous to facilitate reduction of dosing interval and improved oral bioavailability with enhanced patient compliance.
{"title":"Calcium Alginate‐Sago Starch Particles for Sustained Drug Release: Preparation and In Vitro Characterization","authors":"Gourav Kumar Indu, Anindya Kishore Maiti, Amit Kumar Nayak, Md Saquib Hasnain","doi":"10.1002/star.202300265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/star.202300265","url":null,"abstract":"In the current work, the efficacy of sago starch as potential biopolymer‐blends with sodium alginate in the designing of sustained drug‐releasing particles for oral delivery is investigated, where calcium alginate‐sago starch particles are prepared via ionic gelation process employing calcium chloride as ionic cross‐linker. These particles showed the aceclofenac loading of 16.94 ± 0.94–18.92 ± 1.17%, aceclofenac encapsulation efficiency of 84.72 ± 1.94–94.59 ± 3.53%, and average particle‐size of 1.11 ± 0.09–1.32 ± 0.11 mm. FESEM analysis indicated spherical‐shaped particles with rough surfaces. FTIR and P‐XRD analyses demonstrated absence of any kinds of interactions in‐between drug‐polymers within particles and the encapsulated aceclofenac present within these polymeric particles is in the amorphous state. All these formulated polymeric particles demonstrated sustained in vitro aceclofenac releasing profile over 12 h and pH‐responsive performance of in vitro swelling. These kinds of sustained drug‐releasing sago starch‐based particles can be advantageous to facilitate reduction of dosing interval and improved oral bioavailability with enhanced patient compliance.","PeriodicalId":501569,"journal":{"name":"Starch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140128029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jisha S. Lal, Divya Radha, Devaky Karakkattu Subrahmanian
Chitosan (CS) has attracted substantial attention as a sustainable biopolymer in drug delivery applications, in recent years, because of its nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and accessibility. This study develops chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethylcellulose (CS/PVA/CMC) ternary hydrogel with excellent efficacy as a potential delivery vehicle for the antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride. The incorporation of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in the blend remarkably improves the swelling properties of the hydrogel. Metformin hydrochloride is loaded in the CS/PVA/CMC ternary blend by ultrasonication method. The prepared hydrogel beads are characterized by, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and confirm the presence of the drug in the beads. The loading and release of metformin from the CS/PVA/CMC hydrogel beads are followed by UV–visible spectroscopy at 233 nm. Different formulations are prepared by varying the compositions of chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose. α‐Glucosidase inhibitory studies reveal that metformin loaded CS/PVA/CMC hydrogel beads show excellent antidiabetic activity. The maximum value of inhibitory activity observed is 89%. Cytotoxic analysis proves that the beads prepared are nontoxic.
{"title":"Ternary Blend of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Carboxymethylcellulose as an Efficient System for the Release Studies of Metformin Hydrochloride","authors":"Jisha S. Lal, Divya Radha, Devaky Karakkattu Subrahmanian","doi":"10.1002/star.202300238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/star.202300238","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan (CS) has attracted substantial attention as a sustainable biopolymer in drug delivery applications, in recent years, because of its nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and accessibility. This study develops chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethylcellulose (CS/PVA/CMC) ternary hydrogel with excellent efficacy as a potential delivery vehicle for the antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride. The incorporation of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in the blend remarkably improves the swelling properties of the hydrogel. Metformin hydrochloride is loaded in the CS/PVA/CMC ternary blend by ultrasonication method. The prepared hydrogel beads are characterized by, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and confirm the presence of the drug in the beads. The loading and release of metformin from the CS/PVA/CMC hydrogel beads are followed by UV–visible spectroscopy at 233 nm. Different formulations are prepared by varying the compositions of chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose. α‐Glucosidase inhibitory studies reveal that metformin loaded CS/PVA/CMC hydrogel beads show excellent antidiabetic activity. The maximum value of inhibitory activity observed is 89%. Cytotoxic analysis proves that the beads prepared are nontoxic.","PeriodicalId":501569,"journal":{"name":"Starch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140128207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper prepares a new kind of anthocyanins/shikonin/polyacrylic‐starch porous sheet with high acid or alkaline gas responsiveness, the high pH sensitivity Lycium ruthenium anthocyanins/shikonin is used as the pigment indicator, and the polyacrylic acid‐starch with cross‐linking interpenetrating and porous structure is used as the carrier, which is prepared by cross‐linking and monomer polymerization methods. Then the microstructure, thermal stability, and pH responsiveness of the anthocyanins/shikonin/polyacrylic‐starch porous sheet are characterized. It is applied to monitor the freshness of pork and shrimp finally.
{"title":"Cross‐Linking Interpenetration Polyacrylic Acid‐Starch Porous Sheet Combined with Anthocyanin and Shikonin for Freshness Monitoring","authors":"Bihua Xia, Jialei Dong, Jiahao Li, An Hu, Ting Li, Shibo Wang, Mingqing Chen, Weifu Dong","doi":"10.1002/star.202300244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/star.202300244","url":null,"abstract":"This paper prepares a new kind of anthocyanins/shikonin/polyacrylic‐starch porous sheet with high acid or alkaline gas responsiveness, the high pH sensitivity <jats:italic>Lycium ruthenium</jats:italic> anthocyanins/shikonin is used as the pigment indicator, and the polyacrylic acid‐starch with cross‐linking interpenetrating and porous structure is used as the carrier, which is prepared by cross‐linking and monomer polymerization methods. Then the microstructure, thermal stability, and pH responsiveness of the anthocyanins/shikonin/polyacrylic‐starch porous sheet are characterized. It is applied to monitor the freshness of pork and shrimp finally.","PeriodicalId":501569,"journal":{"name":"Starch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140128210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shashidhar B. Reddappa, Rashmi Chhabra, Vignesh Muthusamy, Rajkumar U. Zunjare, Zahirul A. Talukder, Subhra J. Mishra, Ashvinkumar Katral, Ashok K. Singh, Firoz Hossain
Amylose and resistant starch (RS) possess diverse health benefits besides serving as an important component in the starch industry. This study analyzed 48 subtropically‐adapted maize inbreds at multiple locations and characterized for specific starch genes using markers specific to SNPs. Significant variation for amylose (0.3–66.4%), RS (1.8–38.0%), and total starch (65.5–75.1%) is observed. Amylose showed a positive correlation with RS (r = 0.79**). Molecular analysis using 29 markers produced 40 alleles with an average major allele frequency of 0.84. Gene diversity, polymorphism information content (PIC), and genetic dissimilarity are 0.23, 0.19, and 0.33, respectively. The genotypes are categorized into six major clusters based on the markers, and high amylose and RS lines are assigned to cluster‐A and cluster‐B. The alleles associated with Sbe2b (84 bp Del) and Sbe1a (SNP “A”) showed positive correlations with amylose and RS. Additionally, allele “A” linked to the Sucrose transporter6 (Sut6) displayed a positive correlation with RS. Considering Sbe2b, Sbe1a and Sut6 genes, six haplotypes are observed, of these, hap‐A possessed the highest amylose and RS. The promising inbreds can be used as donors, while the validated markers for Sbe2b, Sbe1a and Sut6 genes can be effectively utilized for the improvement of amylose and RS through molecular breeding.
{"title":"Characterization of Sub‐Tropically Adapted Maize Breeding Lines for Loci Governing Kernel Amylose and Resistant Starch","authors":"Shashidhar B. Reddappa, Rashmi Chhabra, Vignesh Muthusamy, Rajkumar U. Zunjare, Zahirul A. Talukder, Subhra J. Mishra, Ashvinkumar Katral, Ashok K. Singh, Firoz Hossain","doi":"10.1002/star.202300289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/star.202300289","url":null,"abstract":"Amylose and resistant starch (RS) possess diverse health benefits besides serving as an important component in the starch industry. This study analyzed 48 subtropically‐adapted maize inbreds at multiple locations and characterized for specific starch genes using markers specific to SNPs. Significant variation for amylose (0.3–66.4%), RS (1.8–38.0%), and total starch (65.5–75.1%) is observed. Amylose showed a positive correlation with RS (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.79**). Molecular analysis using 29 markers produced 40 alleles with an average major allele frequency of 0.84. Gene diversity, polymorphism information content (PIC), and genetic dissimilarity are 0.23, 0.19, and 0.33, respectively. The genotypes are categorized into six major clusters based on the markers, and high amylose and RS lines are assigned to cluster‐A and cluster‐B. The alleles associated with <jats:italic>Sbe2b</jats:italic> (84 bp <jats:italic>Del</jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>Sbe1a</jats:italic> (SNP “A”) showed positive correlations with amylose and RS. Additionally, allele “A” linked to the <jats:italic>Sucrose transporter6</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Sut6</jats:italic>) displayed a positive correlation with RS. Considering <jats:italic>Sbe2b</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Sbe1a</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sut6</jats:italic> genes, six haplotypes are observed, of these, <jats:italic>hap‐A</jats:italic> possessed the highest amylose and RS. The promising inbreds can be used as donors, while the validated markers for <jats:italic>Sbe2b</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Sbe1a</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sut6</jats:italic> genes can be effectively utilized for the improvement of amylose and RS through molecular breeding.","PeriodicalId":501569,"journal":{"name":"Starch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140128208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The physicochemical, rheological properties, and digestibility of flours and starches from pigeon pea, cowpea, pinto bean, and navy bean are investigated. Pinto bean flour (PBF) and Pinto bean starch (PBS) show the highest water absorption capacity (WAC), while cowpea flour (CPF) and cowpea starch (CPS) show the highest oil absorption capacity (OAC)‐ than other pulse flour or starches. All pulse flours show higher solubility than all pulse starches. However, the swelling power (SP) of all flours is lower than starches and SP is comparatively different among starches. Paste clarity, and relative crystallinity (RC), are higher in all flours compared to starches. However, pasting properties and consistency index (K) are lower in flour compared to starches. All the flours and starches exhibit CA‐type crystallinity.The Scanning Electron Microscrographs reveals smooth granular surfaces of all starch and flour. Both flours and starches show flow behavior (n < 1) and viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate indicating the non‐Newtonian fluid behavior. All starches show higher rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and resistant starch (RS) content but lower slowly digestible starch (SDS) content than all flours. These flours and starches can be used as valuable ingredients for formulating functional food, soup, and starch gel.
{"title":"Physicochemical, Rheological Properties, and In‐Vitro Starch Digestibility of Flours and Starches from Pigeon Pea, Cowpea, Pinto Bean, and Navy Bean","authors":"Bharati Kumari, Nandan Sit","doi":"10.1002/star.202300303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/star.202300303","url":null,"abstract":"The physicochemical, rheological properties, and digestibility of flours and starches from pigeon pea, cowpea, pinto bean, and navy bean are investigated. Pinto bean flour (PBF) and Pinto bean starch (PBS) show the highest water absorption capacity (WAC), while cowpea flour (CPF) and cowpea starch (CPS) show the highest oil absorption capacity (OAC)‐ than other pulse flour or starches. All pulse flours show higher solubility than all pulse starches. However, the swelling power (SP) of all flours is lower than starches and SP is comparatively different among starches. Paste clarity, and relative crystallinity (RC), are higher in all flours compared to starches. However, pasting properties and consistency index (<jats:italic>K</jats:italic>) are lower in flour compared to starches. All the flours and starches exhibit C<jats:sub>A</jats:sub>‐type crystallinity.The Scanning Electron Microscrographs reveals smooth granular surfaces of all starch and flour. Both flours and starches show flow behavior (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> < 1) and viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate indicating the non‐Newtonian fluid behavior. All starches show higher rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and resistant starch (RS) content but lower slowly digestible starch (SDS) content than all flours. These flours and starches can be used as valuable ingredients for formulating functional food, soup, and starch gel.","PeriodicalId":501569,"journal":{"name":"Starch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140128028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kao Wu, Yuxuan Tao, Junjie Cheng, Yang Zeng, Ran Wang, Xu Yan, Fatang Jiang, Sheng Chen, Xiaojun Zhao
Few studies reported the impact of hydrocolloid addition on starches after heat moisture treatment (HMT). In this study, potato starch is modified by HMT under different moisture content (18–35%), and the impact of konjac glucomannan (KGM) addition on the pasting, gel texture, and rheological properties of potato starch after HMT are investigated. The results showed that after HMT, the granule structure of the starch is changed with higher heat stability, shown as higher pasting temperature and trough viscosity. The impact of KGM addition is similar on the potato starch before and after HMT, but the change extent of the latter is larger in most cases, such as decreased pasting temperature and gel hardness, increased peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and final viscosity. This indicated that KGM benefited the gelatinization behavior of HMT starch but might not enhance the retrogradation process. The intrinsic high viscosity of KGM in water resulted in a softer starch gel and also contributed to the enhanced shear stress of the mixture paste. Therefore, the impact of KGM on the HMT starch is more significant than the original starch, and this guided the use of HMT starch in the food industry with other hydrocolloid involvement.
{"title":"Impacts of Konjac Glucomannan on the Pasting, Texture, and Rheological Properties of Potato Starch with Different Heat–Moisture Treatments","authors":"Kao Wu, Yuxuan Tao, Junjie Cheng, Yang Zeng, Ran Wang, Xu Yan, Fatang Jiang, Sheng Chen, Xiaojun Zhao","doi":"10.1002/star.202300242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/star.202300242","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies reported the impact of hydrocolloid addition on starches after heat moisture treatment (HMT). In this study, potato starch is modified by HMT under different moisture content (18–35%), and the impact of konjac glucomannan (KGM) addition on the pasting, gel texture, and rheological properties of potato starch after HMT are investigated. The results showed that after HMT, the granule structure of the starch is changed with higher heat stability, shown as higher pasting temperature and trough viscosity. The impact of KGM addition is similar on the potato starch before and after HMT, but the change extent of the latter is larger in most cases, such as decreased pasting temperature and gel hardness, increased peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and final viscosity. This indicated that KGM benefited the gelatinization behavior of HMT starch but might not enhance the retrogradation process. The intrinsic high viscosity of KGM in water resulted in a softer starch gel and also contributed to the enhanced shear stress of the mixture paste. Therefore, the impact of KGM on the HMT starch is more significant than the original starch, and this guided the use of HMT starch in the food industry with other hydrocolloid involvement.","PeriodicalId":501569,"journal":{"name":"Starch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140108073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cuntang Wang, Yuqing Wang, Shengxin Tian, Guojun Du
The objective of this study is to examine the interactions between wheat starch (WS) and ethanol extract of onion peel (EEOP) at varying concentrations (1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) during the process of gelatinization, and to assess the impact of these interactions on the physicochemical and retrogradation characteristics of wheat starch. In contrast to the control group, the incorporation of EEOP results in a reduction in retrogradation, an increase in solubility, and an increase in the swelling degree of wheat starch. Furthermore, the addition of the EEOP effectively hinders the retrogradation process of wheat starch. The incorporation of EEOP has the potential to decrease the enthalpy associated with starch retrogradation. Accordingly, the addition of 10% EEOP results in a decrease of 43.6% in the enthalpy of starch retrogradation in wheat starch after a storage period of 15 days, as compared to the control group. In addition, the incorporation of an enzyme known as EEOP has the potential to reduce the occurrence of crystallization in the process of starch retrogradation. Hence, the incorporation of EEOP may impede the regression of WS.
{"title":"Effects of the Ethanolic Extract of Onion Peel on the Physicochemical Properties of Wheat Starch","authors":"Cuntang Wang, Yuqing Wang, Shengxin Tian, Guojun Du","doi":"10.1002/star.202300156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/star.202300156","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to examine the interactions between wheat starch (WS) and ethanol extract of onion peel (EEOP) at varying concentrations (1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) during the process of gelatinization, and to assess the impact of these interactions on the physicochemical and retrogradation characteristics of wheat starch. In contrast to the control group, the incorporation of EEOP results in a reduction in retrogradation, an increase in solubility, and an increase in the swelling degree of wheat starch. Furthermore, the addition of the EEOP effectively hinders the retrogradation process of wheat starch. The incorporation of EEOP has the potential to decrease the enthalpy associated with starch retrogradation. Accordingly, the addition of 10% EEOP results in a decrease of 43.6% in the enthalpy of starch retrogradation in wheat starch after a storage period of 15 days, as compared to the control group. In addition, the incorporation of an enzyme known as EEOP has the potential to reduce the occurrence of crystallization in the process of starch retrogradation. Hence, the incorporation of EEOP may impede the regression of WS.","PeriodicalId":501569,"journal":{"name":"Starch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140108070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The urgent need for new, efficient solutions to antibiotic resistance is a serious worldwide healthcare concern. Recently, new classes of antimicrobials known as antimicrobial polymers have played a significant role in tackling multidrug-resistant bacteria. To achieve this purpose, antimicrobial biodegradable materials made from affordable renewable resources, including polysaccharides, are extensively applied. Here, this study presents a simple one-pot method for generating powerful antimicrobial polymer using soluble starch and an easily accessible chemical pyridine. The quaternary pyridine-grafted starch (St-QP) is prepared and characterized using structural and thermal techniques. To assess the antimicrobial capabilities of the St-QP for textile application, antimicrobial activities of the St-QP, antimicrobial activity of the St-QP-coated fabric, cytotoxicity, durability of the St-QP coated fabric, surface morphology of St-QP coated fabric and antimicrobial activity after washing cycles are also examined. According to the findings, St-QP and its modified materials have shown good antimicrobial activity against three bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium smegmatis, and the fungus Candida albicans. The St-QP displays low toxicity to human fibroblasts, and after being coated on fabrics, it shows good durability and antimicrobial activity. The St-QP coated fabric material shows 80% inhibition for all four microorganisms even after 25 washing cycles.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Starch by Grafting Pyridine for Use in Antimicrobial Applications","authors":"Shreya Kanth, Yashoda Malgar Puttaiahgowda, Ananda Kulal","doi":"10.1002/star.202300121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/star.202300121","url":null,"abstract":"The urgent need for new, efficient solutions to antibiotic resistance is a serious worldwide healthcare concern. Recently, new classes of antimicrobials known as antimicrobial polymers have played a significant role in tackling multidrug-resistant bacteria. To achieve this purpose, antimicrobial biodegradable materials made from affordable renewable resources, including polysaccharides, are extensively applied. Here, this study presents a simple one-pot method for generating powerful antimicrobial polymer using soluble starch and an easily accessible chemical pyridine. The quaternary pyridine-grafted starch (St-QP) is prepared and characterized using structural and thermal techniques. To assess the antimicrobial capabilities of the St-QP for textile application, antimicrobial activities of the St-QP, antimicrobial activity of the St-QP-coated fabric, cytotoxicity, durability of the St-QP coated fabric, surface morphology of St-QP coated fabric and antimicrobial activity after washing cycles are also examined. According to the findings, St-QP and its modified materials have shown good antimicrobial activity against three bacteria, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>, and the fungus <i>Candida albicans</i>. The St-QP displays low toxicity to human fibroblasts, and after being coated on fabrics, it shows good durability and antimicrobial activity. The St-QP coated fabric material shows 80% inhibition for all four microorganisms even after 25 washing cycles.","PeriodicalId":501569,"journal":{"name":"Starch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140072693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study uses Lilium davidii var. unicolor (Lanzhou lily) polysaccharides extracted from bulbs to prepare nano-selenium (nano-Se) polysaccharide (LPS). Here, the study explores the molecular structure characterization, inhibition effects, and mechanisms of action of prepared LPS on A549 lung cancer cells. The LPS structure is characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV spectroscopy (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. Results show that selenized polysaccharides bonded through electrostatic adsorption, with an average LPS particle size of 243.75 nm and zeta potential of −38.3 mV, which can be stably preserved at 4 °C for more than 3 months. The in vitro antitumor activity experiment shows that the prepared LPS inhibited A549 cell proliferation while affecting cell migration. Cell cycle analysis shows that apoptosis is promoted by blocking the G1 phase, while during the late apoptosis stage cells accounted for 60%. RNA-Seq data analysis shows that the main mechanisms of action on A549 cells are to inhibit DNA replication initiation genes, block the cell cycle, and regulate the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins in promoting cell apoptosis.
{"title":"Lily Polysaccharide Nano-Selenium Promotes A549 Cells Apoptosis through Cell Cycle Inhibition","authors":"Hailian Wei, Yajun Wang, Cuiping Hua, Yubao Zhang, Zhihong Guo, Yang Qiu, Wenmei Li, Zhongkui Xie","doi":"10.1002/star.202200273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/star.202200273","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses <i>Lilium davidii</i> var. <i>unicolor</i> (Lanzhou lily) polysaccharides extracted from bulbs to prepare nano-selenium (nano-Se) polysaccharide (LPS). Here, the study explores the molecular structure characterization, inhibition effects, and mechanisms of action of prepared LPS on A549 lung cancer cells. The LPS structure is characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV spectroscopy (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc. Results show that selenized polysaccharides bonded through electrostatic adsorption, with an average LPS particle size of 243.75 nm and zeta potential of −38.3 mV, which can be stably preserved at 4 °C for more than 3 months. The in vitro antitumor activity experiment shows that the prepared LPS inhibited A549 cell proliferation while affecting cell migration. Cell cycle analysis shows that apoptosis is promoted by blocking the G1 phase, while during the late apoptosis stage cells accounted for 60%. RNA-Seq data analysis shows that the main mechanisms of action on A549 cells are to inhibit DNA replication initiation genes, block the cell cycle, and regulate the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins in promoting cell apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":501569,"journal":{"name":"Starch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140072695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sneh Punia Bangar, Gayathri Balakrishnan, Muhammed Navaf, Kappat Valiyapeediyekkal Sunooj
The global demand for starch has been steadily increasing, driven by various industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. However, conventional starch sources, such as corn and wheat, are associated with significant environmental concerns and resource depletion. Therefore, there is a growing need to explore sustainable alternatives to conventional starches. Barnyard millet starch can be a promising sustainable alternative to conventional starch. The starch extracted from barnyard millet exhibits unique physicochemical properties, including high amylose content, small granule size, and good gel‐forming ability. These properties make it suitable for various industrial applications. In the food industry, it can be used as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and fat replacer in various products, including sauces, soups, bakery items, and dairy alternatives. Moreover, barnyard millet starch shows promise in the textile industry as a sizing agent and for producing biodegradable films. However, challenges related to scaling up production, processing techniques, and market acceptance must be addressed to realize the potential of barnyard millet starch fully. Embracing barnyard millet starch can contribute to a more sustainable and resource‐efficient future, reducing the ecological footprint associated with starch production. This review article focuses on the properties, modifications, functionality, and applications of barnyard starch.
{"title":"Recent Advancements on Barnyard Millet Starch: A Sustainable Alternative to Conventional Starch","authors":"Sneh Punia Bangar, Gayathri Balakrishnan, Muhammed Navaf, Kappat Valiyapeediyekkal Sunooj","doi":"10.1002/star.202300232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/star.202300232","url":null,"abstract":"The global demand for starch has been steadily increasing, driven by various industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. However, conventional starch sources, such as corn and wheat, are associated with significant environmental concerns and resource depletion. Therefore, there is a growing need to explore sustainable alternatives to conventional starches. Barnyard millet starch can be a promising sustainable alternative to conventional starch. The starch extracted from barnyard millet exhibits unique physicochemical properties, including high amylose content, small granule size, and good gel‐forming ability. These properties make it suitable for various industrial applications. In the food industry, it can be used as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and fat replacer in various products, including sauces, soups, bakery items, and dairy alternatives. Moreover, barnyard millet starch shows promise in the textile industry as a sizing agent and for producing biodegradable films. However, challenges related to scaling up production, processing techniques, and market acceptance must be addressed to realize the potential of barnyard millet starch fully. Embracing barnyard millet starch can contribute to a more sustainable and resource‐efficient future, reducing the ecological footprint associated with starch production. This review article focuses on the properties, modifications, functionality, and applications of barnyard starch.","PeriodicalId":501569,"journal":{"name":"Starch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140046395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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