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Triple critical point and emerging temperature scales in $SU(N)$ ferromagnetism at large $N$ 大 N$ 时 SU(N)$ 铁磁性中的三临界点和新出现的温度尺度
Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: arxiv-2408.08357
Alexios P. Polychronakos, Konstantinos Sfetsos
The non-Abelian ferromagnet recently introduced by the authors, consisting ofatoms in the fundamental representation of $SU(N)$, is studied in the limitwhere $N$ becomes large and scales as the square root of the number of atoms$n$. This model exhibits additional phases, as well as two differenttemperature scales related by a factor $N!/!ln N$. The paramagnetic phasesplits into a "dense" and a "dilute" phase, separated by a third-ordertransition and leading to a triple critical point in the scale parameter$n/N^2$ and the temperature, while the ferromagnetic phase exhibits additionalstructure, and a new paramagnetic-ferromagnetic metastable phase appears at thelarger temperature scale. These phases can coexist, becoming stable ormetastable as temperature varies. A generalized model in which the number of$SU(N)$-equivalent states enters the partition function with a nontrivialweight, relevant, e.g., when there is gauge invariance in the system, is alsostudied and shown to manifest similar phases, with the dense-dilute phasetransition becoming second-order in the fully gauge invariant case.
研究了作者最近提出的非阿贝尔铁磁体,该铁磁体由$SU(N)$基本表示中的原子组成,研究的极限是$N$变得很大,其尺度为原子数$n$的平方根。该模型显示了额外的相,以及两个不同的温度标度,它们的相关系数为 $N(//)ln N$。顺磁相分为 "致密 "相和 "稀释 "相,两者之间存在三阶转变,并导致尺度参数$n/N^2$和温度的三重临界点,而铁磁相则表现出额外的结构,在更大的温度尺度上出现了一个新的顺磁-铁磁蜕变相。这些相可以共存,随着温度的变化而变得稳定或畸变。我们还研究了一个广义模型,在该模型中,$SU(N)$等效态的数量以非对称的权重进入分区函数,例如,当系统中存在量规不变性时,该模型也表现出类似的相位,在完全量规不变的情况下,致密-稀释相位转变成为二阶相位。
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引用次数: 0
Integrable hierarchy for homogeneous realization of toroidal Lie algebra $mathcal{L}^{rm tor}_{r+1}(mathfrak{sl}_ell)$ 环形李代数$mathcal{L}^{rm tor}_{r+1}(mathfrak{sl}_ell)$ 的同质实现的可积分层次结构
Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: arxiv-2408.07376
Chao-Zhong Wu, Yi Yang
Starting from a fairly explicit homogeneous realization of the toroidal Liealgebra $mathcal{L}^{rm tor}_{r+1}(mathfrak{sl}_ell)$ via lattice vertexalgebra, we derive an integrable hierarchy of Hirota bilinear equations.Moreover, we represent this hierarchy in the form of Lax equations, and showthat it is an extension of a certain reduction of the $ell$-component KPhierarchy.
从环形李代数 $mathcal{L}^{rm tor}_{r+1}(mathfrak{sl}_ell)$ 通过晶格顶点代数的相当明确的同质实现出发,我们推导出了广塔双线性方程的可积分层次。
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引用次数: 0
The massless S-matrix of integrable $σ$-models 可积分 $σ$ 模型的无质量 S 矩阵
Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: arxiv-2408.03673
George Georgiou
In contradistinction to the case of massive excitations, the connectionbetween integrability and the tree-level massless scattering matrix ofintegrable $sigma$-models is lost. Namely, in well-known 2-d integrable modelsthe tree-level massless S-matrix exhibits particle production and fails tofactorise. This is conjectured to happen due to IR ambiguities in the masslesstree-level amplitudes. We present a definition of the massless S-matrix whichhas all the nice properties of integrable theories, there is no particleproduction and the S-matrix factorises. As an example, we present in detail thecase of the $SU(2)$ principal chiral model (PCM).
与大质量激元的情况相反,可积分性与可积分的$sigma$模型的树级无质量散射矩阵之间失去了联系。也就是说,在著名的二维可积分模型中,树级无质量S矩阵表现出粒子产生,而无法因子化。据推测,这是由于质量树级振幅的红外模糊性造成的。我们提出了无质量 S 矩阵的定义,它具有可积分理论的所有优良特性,不存在粒子产 生,而且 S 矩阵能够因式分解。作为一个例子,我们详细介绍了$SU(2)$主手性模型(PCM)的情况。
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引用次数: 0
Generalised BBGKY hierarchy for near-integrable dynamics 近可积分动力学的广义 BBGKY 层次结构
Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: arxiv-2408.00593
Leonardo Biagetti, Maciej Lebek, Milosz Panfil, Jacopo De Nardis
We consider quantum or classical many-body Hamiltonian systems, whosedynamics is given by an integrable, contact interactions, plus another,possibly long-range, generic two-body potential. We show how the dynamics oflocal observables is given in terms of a generalised version ofBogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy, which we denote as gBBGKY, whichis built for the densities, and their correlations, of the quasiparticles ofthe underlying integrable model. Unlike the usual cases of perturbation theoryfrom free gases, the presence of local interactions in the integrable model"lifts" the so-called kinetic blocking, and the second layer of the hierarchyreproduces the dynamics at all time-scales. The latter consists of a fastpre-equilibration to a non-thermal steady state, and its subsequentthermalisation to a Gibbs ensemble. We show how the final relaxation is encodedinto a Boltzmann scattering integral involving three or higherbody-scatterings, and which, remarkably, is entirely determined by thediffusion constants of the underlying integrable model. We check our resultswith exact molecular dynamics simulations, finding perfect agreement. Ourresults show how gBBGKY can be successfully employed in quantum systems tocompute scattering integrals and Fermi's golden rule transition rates.
我们考虑量子或经典多体哈密顿系统,其动力学由可积分的接触相互作用以及另一个可能是长程的通用两体势能给出。我们展示了局部观测值的动力学是如何通过波哥留布夫-伯恩-格林-柯克伍德-伊冯层次的广义版本给出的,我们将其命名为 gBBGKY,它是为底层可积分模型的准粒子的密度及其相关性而建立的。与来自自由气体的扰动理论的通常情况不同,可积分模型中局部相互作用的存在 "解除 "了所谓的动力学阻塞,层次结构的第二层产生了所有时间尺度上的动力学。后者包括快速预弛豫到非热稳态,以及随后的热化到吉布斯集合。我们展示了最终的弛豫如何被编码为涉及三个或更高体散射的波尔兹曼散射积分,而且值得注意的是,它完全由底层可积分模型的扩散常数决定。我们用精确的分子动力学模拟检验了我们的结果,发现两者完全一致。我们的结果表明,gBBGKY 可以成功地应用于量子系统,以计算散射积分和费米金科玉律转换率。
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引用次数: 0
Localized stem structures in quasi-resonant two-soliton solutions for the asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov system 不对称 Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov 系统准共振双孑子解中的局部茎结构
Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: arxiv-2407.20875
Feng Yuan, Jiguang Rao, Jingsong He, Yi Cheng
Elastic collisions of solitons generally have a finite phase shift. When thephase shift has a finitely large value, the two vertices of the(2+1)-dimensional 2-soliton are significantly separated due to the phase shift,accompanied by the formation of a local structure connecting the two V-shapedsolitons. We define this local structure as the stem structure. This studysystematically investigates the localized stem structures between two solitonsin the (2+1)-dimensional asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov system. These stemstructures, arising from quasi-resonant collisions between the solitons,exhibit distinct features of spatial locality and temporal invariance. Weexplore two scenarios: one characterized by weakly quasi-resonant collisions(i.e. $a_{12}approx 0$), and the other by strongly quasi-resonant collisions(i.e. $a_{12}approx +infty$). Through mathematical analysis, we extractcomprehensive insights into the trajectories, amplitudes, and velocities of thesoliton arms. Furthermore, we discuss the characteristics of the stemstructures, including their length and extreme points. Our findings shed newlight on the interaction between solitons in the (2+1)-dimensional asymmetricNizhnik-Novikov-Veselov system.
孤子的弹性碰撞一般具有有限的相移。当相移值无限大时,(2+1)维 2 孤子的两个顶点会因相移而明显分离,同时形成连接两个 V 形孤子的局部结构。我们将这种局部结构定义为茎结构。本研究系统地研究了 (2+1)-dimensional 不对称 Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov 系统中两个孤子之间的局部茎结构。这些茎结构产生于孤立子之间的准共振碰撞,表现出空间局部性和时间不变性的明显特征。我们探讨了两种情况:一种是弱准共振碰撞(即 $a_{12}approx 0$),另一种是强准共振碰撞(即 $a_{12}approx +infty$)。通过数学分析,我们提取了关于烁烁子臂的轨迹、振幅和速度的全面见解。此外,我们还讨论了茎结构的特征,包括其长度和极值点。我们的发现为(2+1)维非对称尼日尼克-诺维科夫-韦斯洛夫系统中孤子间的相互作用提供了新的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Solvable nonlinear systems of 2 recursions displaying interesting evolutions 可解的非线性 2 个递推系统显示出有趣的演变
Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: arxiv-2407.18270
Francesco Calogero
In this paper a class of simple, but nonlinear, systems of recursionsinvolving $2$ dependent variables $x_{j}left( nright) $ is identified, suchthat the solutions of their initial-values problems -- with arbitrary initialdata $x_{j}left( 0right) $ -- may be explicitly obtained.
本文确定了一类简单但非线性的递推系统,它们涉及 2 美元的因变量 $x_{j}left(nright)$,因此可以明确地得到它们的初值问题的解--具有任意初始数据 $x_{j}left( 0right) $。
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引用次数: 0
Integrability in Perturbed Black Holes: Background Hidden Structures 扰动黑洞中的积分性:背景隐藏结构
Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: arxiv-2407.14196
José Luis Jaramillo, Michele Lenzi, Carlos F. Sopuerta
In this work we investigate the presence of integrable hidden structures inthe dynamics of perturbed non-rotating black holes (BHs). This can also beconsidered as a first step in a wider program of an effective identification of``slow'' and ``fast'' degrees of freedom (DoFs) in the (binary) BH dynamics,following a wave-mean flow perspective. The slow DoFs would be associated witha nonlinear integrable dynamics, on which the fast ones propagate following aneffective linear dynamics. BH perturbation theory offers a natural ground totest these properties. Indeed, the decoupling of Einstein equations into wavemaster equations with a potential provides an instance of such splitting into(frozen) slow DoFs (background potential) over which the linear dynamics of thefast ones (perturbation master functions) evolve. It has been recently shownthat these wave equations possess an infinite number of symmetries thatcorrespond to the flow of the infinite hierarchy of Korteweg-de Vries (KdV)equations. Starting from these results, we systematically investigate thepresence of integrable structures in BH perturbation theory. We first studythem in Cauchy slices and then extend the analysis to hyperboloidal foliations.This second step introduces a splitting of the master equation into bulk andboundary contributions, unveiling an underlying structural relation with theslow and fast DoFs. This insight represents a first step to establish theintegrable structures associated to the slow DoFs as bulk symmetries of thedynamics of perturbed BHs.
在这项工作中,我们研究了扰动非旋转黑洞(BHs)动力学中存在的可积分隐藏结构。从波均流的角度来看,这也可以被视为有效识别(二元)黑洞动力学中 "慢 "和 "快 "自由度(DoFs)的更广泛计划的第一步。慢自由度与非线性可积分动力学相关联,而快自由度则按照有效的线性动力学传播。BH扰动理论为检验这些特性提供了天然的基础。事实上,将爱因斯坦方程解耦为带势能的波主方程就提供了这样一个实例:将爱因斯坦方程分裂为(冻结的)慢DoFs(背景势能),在这些DoFs上,快DoFs(扰动主函数)的线性动力学不断发展。最近的研究表明,这些波方程具有无限多的对称性,这些对称性与 Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)方程的无限层次流相对应。从这些结果出发,我们系统地研究了 BH 微扰理论中可积分结构的存在。我们首先在考奇切片中对它们进行研究,然后将分析扩展到超环形叶状结构。第二步将主方程拆分为体贡献和边界贡献,揭示了与慢速和快速 DoFs 的潜在结构关系。这一洞察力是建立与慢速 DoFs 相关的可积分结构的第一步,它是受扰动 BH 动力学的体对称性。
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引用次数: 0
The integrable hierarchy and the nonlinear Riemann-Hilbert problem associated with one typical Einstein-Weyl physico-geometric dispersionless system 与一个典型的爱因斯坦-韦尔物理几何无分散系统相关的可积分层次结构和非线性黎曼-希尔伯特问题
Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: arxiv-2407.11515
Ge Yi, Tangna Lv, Kelei Tian, Ying Xu
From a specific series of exchange conditions for a one-parameter Hamiltonianvector field, we establish an integrable hierarchy using Lax pairs derived fromthe dispersionless partial differential equation. An exterior differential formof the integrable hierarchy is introduced, further confirming the existence ofthe tau function. Subsequently, we present the twistor structure of thehierarchy. By constructing the nonlinear Riemann Hilbert problem for theequation, the structure of the solution to the equation is better understood.
从一参数哈密顿矢量场的一系列特定交换条件出发,我们利用从无分散偏微分方程导出的拉克斯对建立了可积分层次结构。我们引入了可积分层次结构的外微分形式,进一步证实了 tau 函数的存在。随后,我们介绍了该层次结构的扭曲结构。通过构建方程的非线性黎曼希尔伯特问题,我们更好地理解了方程解的结构。
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引用次数: 0
R-matrix for the XX spin chain at the special imaginary value of staggered magnetic field 交错磁场特殊虚值下 XX 自旋链的 R 矩阵
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: arxiv-2407.10395
P. N. Bibikov
It is pointed, that the $16times16$ Hamiltonian density matrix,corresponding to XX spin chain in a staggered magnetic field, satisfies theReshetikhin condition as well, as the two higher ones. All of them arenecessary for the existence of the corresponding $R$-matrix. At the specialimaginary value of the staggered field, the $R$-matrix is obtained explicitly.It is shown that the corresponding Hamiltonian has purely imaginary spectrum.
研究指出,与交错磁场中的 XX 自旋链相对应的 $16times16$ 哈密顿密度矩阵与两个更高的哈密顿密度矩阵一样,也满足雷谢提金条件。所有这些都是相应 $R$ 矩阵存在的必要条件。在交错磁场的特殊虚值下,R$R 矩阵被明确得到。
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引用次数: 0
The Volterra Integrable case. Novel analytical and numerical results 伏特拉积分情况。新颖的分析和数值结果
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: arxiv-2407.09155
M. Scalia, O. Ragnisco, B. Tirozzi, F. Zullo
In the present paper we reconsider the integrable case of the Hamiltonian$N$-species Volterra system, as it has been introduced by Vito Volterra in1937, and significantly enrich the results already published in the ArXiv in2019. In fact, we present a new approach to the construction of conservedquantities and comment about the solutions of the equations of motion; wedisplay mostly new analytical and numerical results, starting from theclassical predator-prey model till the general $N-$species model.
在本文中,我们重新考虑了维托-沃尔特拉(Vito Volterra)1937 年提出的汉密尔顿 N$ 种沃尔特拉系统的可积分情况,并极大地丰富了 2019 年发表在 ArXiv 上的结果。事实上,我们提出了一种构建守恒量的新方法,并对运动方程的解进行了评论;从经典的捕食者-猎物模型到一般的 $N-$ 种模型,我们展示了大部分新的分析和数值结果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
arXiv - PHYS - Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems
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