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Hydrological characteristics of extreme floods in the Klaserie River, a headwater stream in southern Africa 克拉塞里河是非洲南部的一条源头,其极端洪水的水文特征
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-11 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2023.2102
S. Marr, A. Swemmer
Climate change models for southern Africa predict less frequent, but more intense, rainfall events, and an increased frequency of tropical cyclones. With their steep topography and small catchments, headwater streams generate large floods following intense rainfall events. Large flooding events in headwater streams are under studied in southern Africa. In this paper, we explore flooding in the upper Klaserie River, Limpopo River System, South Africa to determine the flow distribution and flood frequency for the catchment. In addition, we determine the return level for a large, economically damaging, flood generated following the landfall of a sub-tropical depression in January 2012 and, attempt to identify rainfall patterns that resulted in similar floods. An annual hydrological cycle with summer maxima and winter minima for both rainfall and flow was identified. The flood frequency analysis demonstrated that the January 2012 flood had an estimated return level of 225 years. This flood had a peak flowrate exceeding 1200 m3s-1 in a system with an average daily flowrate of 1 m3s-1. Regression tree analysis showed that a two-day rainfall in excess of 240 was a predictor for four of the five largest floods. A two-day rainfall in excess of 400 mm distinguished the January 2012 flood from other floods. Non-stationarity analyses for the flow and rainfall data and a SWAT hydrological model are recommend for the upper Klaserie River to evaluate climate and land cover changes, and their relationship to the magnitude of the 2012 flood. Our study demonstrates that South African river monitoring data can be used to detect and characterize major floods, despite deficiencies in these data. Continuation of these monitoring programs is vital for river health monitoring and the detection of trends in floods resulting from human activities and climate change.
南部非洲的气候变化模型预测,降雨事件不那么频繁,但强度更大,热带气旋的频率会增加。由于其陡峭的地形和较小的集水区,源头溪流在强降雨事件后会产生大洪水。在南部非洲,正在对源头溪流中的大型洪水事件进行研究。在本文中,我们探讨了南非林波波河水系Klaserie河上游的洪水,以确定集水区的流量分布和洪水频率。此外,我们确定了2012年1月一个亚热带低气压登陆后产生的具有经济破坏性的大型洪水的返回水平,并试图确定导致类似洪水的降雨模式。确定了一个具有夏季降雨量和流量最大值和冬季流量最小值的年度水文循环。洪水频率分析表明,2012年1月的洪水预计重现期为225年。在平均日流量为1 m3s-1的系统中,该洪水的峰值流量超过1200 m3s-1。回归树分析表明,两天的降雨量超过240是五次最大洪水中四次的预测因素。两天的降雨量超过400毫米,将2012年1月的洪水与其他洪水区分开来。建议对Klaseri河上游的流量和降雨量数据进行非平稳性分析,并采用SWAT水文模型来评估气候和土地覆盖变化,以及它们与2012年洪水大小的关系。我们的研究表明,尽管南非河流监测数据存在不足,但这些数据可用于检测和表征重大洪水。继续实施这些监测计划对于河流健康监测以及检测人类活动和气候变化导致的洪水趋势至关重要。
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引用次数: 1
Environmental DNA survey indicates arrival of quagga mussel in Ticino River basin 环境DNA调查显示夸加贻贝抵达提契诺河流域
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-05 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2023.2105
C. Capelli, F. Mauri, Elisa Pianta, Federica Rotta, F. Lepori
The quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis is an invasive species that has recently spread to Western Europe, causing major impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human activities. We considered lakes Lugano and Maggiore (Ticino River basin, Italy and Switzerland) to be at high risk of colonization due to leisure boat traffic from already-colonized lakes. We performed an environmental DNA based survey to detect any quagga mussel invasions in these lakes as early as possible. The results of the survey confirmed the presence of this species in the lakes and support the use of molecular approaches for the early detection of invasive mussels.
quagga贻贝Dreissena rostriformis bugensis是一种入侵物种,最近已传播到西欧,对水生生态系统和人类活动造成重大影响。我们认为卢加诺湖和马焦雷湖(提契诺河流域、意大利和瑞士)由于来自已经被殖民的湖泊的休闲船交通,处于被殖民的高风险中。我们进行了一项基于环境DNA的调查,以尽早发现这些湖泊中有任何夸加贻贝入侵。调查结果证实了该物种在湖泊中的存在,并支持使用分子方法早期检测入侵贻贝。
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引用次数: 0
Preface: Georeferenced Freshwater Biodiversity Data 前言:地理参考淡水生物多样性数据
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2023.2138
L. Kamburska, D. Fontaneto, M. Rogora, D. Schigel
The special issue on “Georeferenced freshwater biodiversity data”, sponsored by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), has the aim of mobilising georeferenced data on freshwater organisms to become openly accessible.
由全球生物多样性信息基金(GBIF)赞助的“地理参考淡水生物多样性数据”特刊的目的是动员淡水生物的地理参考数据,使其能够公开获取。
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引用次数: 0
The Freshwater Biodiversity Information System (FBIS) fish data: a georeferenced dataset of freshwater fishes occurring in South Africa 淡水生物多样性信息系统(FBIS)鱼类数据:南非淡水鱼类的地理参考数据集
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2023.2133
M. Kajee, H. Dallas, Aneri Swanepoel, C. Griffiths, J. Shelton
Freshwater fishes are recognised as South Africa’s most threatened species group. Reliable, long-term data on fish occurrence records are critical for effectively managing and conserving these species. A comprehensive freshwater fish dataset was compiled and uploaded to the Freshwater Biodiversity Information System (FBIS, freshwaterbiodiversity.org), comprising all available records of formally described freshwater fish species occurring in South Africa. An 18-month historic-data collation effort resulted in the accrual of 35 955 new records of freshwater fish from South Africa spanning 194 years (1828–2022), that have since been uploaded to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Together with pre-existing GBIF records (24 861), a total of 60 837 freshwater fish records are thus now available for South Africa. The data show a marked decline in the number of native fish occurrence records over the last decade. Conversely, the number of occurrences for non-native fishes increased over the past three decades. A data breakdown is provided for each of South Africa’s nine provinces including total number of records, and the numbers of native, non-native, endemic and threatened species. These data provide a much-needed update of the known status and distribution of freshwater fishes in the country.
淡水鱼被认为是南非最受威胁的物种。可靠、长期的鱼类发生记录数据对于有效管理和保护这些物种至关重要。一个全面的淡水鱼数据集被汇编并上传到淡水生物多样性信息系统(FBIS, freshwaterbiodiversity.org),其中包括南非出现的所有正式描述的淡水鱼物种的可用记录。经过18个月的历史数据整理工作,在194年(1828-2022年)期间,南非淡水鱼的新记录达到35955条,这些记录已被上传到全球生物多样性信息设施(GBIF)。加上先前存在的GBIF记录(24861),南非现在共有60837条淡水鱼记录。数据显示,在过去十年中,本地鱼类的数量显著下降。相反,在过去的三十年里,非本地鱼类的出现次数有所增加。提供了南非九个省中每个省的数据分类,包括记录总数以及本地、非本地、特有和受威胁物种的数量。这些数据为该国淡水鱼类的已知状况和分布提供了急需的最新资料。
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引用次数: 1
Biological survey of lakes and reservoirs from Sardinia and Piedmont (Italy), a georeferenced dataset from the project LIFE INHABIT 撒丁岛和皮埃蒙特(意大利)湖泊和水库的生物调查,来自LIFE habitat项目的地理参考数据集
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2023.2114
M. Austoni, A. Boggero, L. Kamburska, A. Lugliè, A. Marchetto, A. Oggioni, B. Padedda, P. Volta, S. Zaupa
We report a georeferenced dataset of a biological survey carried out in lakes and reservoirs in Piedmont and Sardinia regions (Italy), that includes fish fauna, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, and phytoplankton. This survey was carried out to test the standardised protocols adopted with the National Decree 260/210 by the Italian Ministry of the Environment, Land and Sea for the assessment of the ecological status of lakes and the ecological potential of reservoirs for satisfying the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC. Occurrence data have been uploaded to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
我们报告了在Piedmont和撒丁岛地区(意大利)的湖泊和水库进行的生物调查的地理参考数据集,包括鱼类区系,大型无脊椎动物,大型植物和浮游植物。进行这项调查是为了测试意大利环境、陆地和海洋部根据国家法令260/210通过的标准化方案,以评估湖泊的生态状况和水库的生态潜力,以满足欧洲水框架指令(WFD) 2000/60/EC的要求。发生数据已上传到全球生物多样性信息设施(GBIF)。
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引用次数: 1
Survival and swimming performance of a small-sized Cypriniformes (Telestes muticellus) tagged with passive integrated transponders 被动式综合应答器标记的小型鲤形目动物的生存和游泳性能
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2023.2129
Alfredo Schiavon, C. Comoglio, A. Candiotto, F. Hölker, Muhammad Aleem Ashraf, D. Nyqvist
Italian riffle dace (Telestes muticellus, Bonaparte 1837) is a small-bodied Leuciscidae native to the Italian Peninsula, of which little is known about the ecology and individual movements in nature. Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) telemetry is used to track fish movements and behaviour. The basic assumption is that the PIT-tagged organism's performances do not differ considerably from their natural behaviour. Here we present the first evaluation of potential tagging effects in the genus Telestes. The survival rate and tag retention were compared between two different tag implantation methods – injector gun and scalpel incision - and pit-tagging effects on swimming performance were evaluated. Five weeks after tagging, Italian riffle dace demonstrated high survival rates in all treatments: 94.8% for fish tagged with injector gun (n=58), 100% for scalpel incision method (n=58), and 98.3% for controls (n=58). The tag retention was 96.6% for gun treatment and 100% for scalpel treatment. Prolonged swimming performance, tested 22-23 days after tagging, showed a reduction in endurance (time-to-fatigue) for scalpel treatment (n=22) compared to the control group (n=21), while no difference in maximum swimming velocity was observed. We conclude that PIT tagging is a suitable technique for Italian riffle dace, showing high survival and PIT retention and no effect on maximum swimming speed. Significantly lower prolonged swimming performance, although likely less ecologically important, shows that tagging is not without costs. Potential biases need to be evaluated on a study-by-study basis, and future studies should explore behavioural tagging effects in nature.
意大利梭鲈(学名:Telestes muticellus, Bonaparte 1837)是原产于意大利半岛的一种体型较小的梭鲈科,其生态学和自然界中的个体运动鲜为人知。无源集成应答器(PIT)遥测技术用于跟踪鱼类的运动和行为。基本的假设是,有pit标记的生物的表现与它们的自然行为没有很大的不同。在这里,我们提出了潜在的标签效应的第一次评估属猫。比较了两种不同的标签植入方式(注射枪和手术刀切口)的存活率和标签保留率,并评估了坑式标签对游泳性能的影响。标记5周后,意大利梭鱼在所有处理中均表现出较高的存活率:注射枪标记的鱼94.8% (n=58),手术刀切口法100% (n=58),对照组98.3% (n=58)。枪组标记保留率为96.6%,手术刀组标记保留率为100%。标记后22-23天测试的延长游泳表现显示,手术刀治疗的耐力(到疲劳时间)(n=22)与对照组(n=21)相比有所减少,而最大游泳速度没有观察到差异。我们得出结论,PIT标记是一种适合意大利梭鲈的技术,具有较高的存活率和PIT保留率,对最大游泳速度没有影响。显著降低长时间游泳的表现,虽然可能不那么重要的生态,表明标签不是没有成本的。潜在的偏见需要在逐个研究的基础上进行评估,未来的研究应该探索行为标签在自然界中的作用。
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引用次数: 1
Geotargeting spatial and temporal data of Italian freshwater high-altitude macroinvertebrates 意大利淡水高海拔大型无脊椎动物的地理定位时空数据
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2023.2104
A. Boggero, E. Dumnicka, R. Fornaroli, D. Paganelli, S. Zaupa
A data set including information on macroinvertebrates identified to genus/species group/species level was created within the monitoring activities of several European and national projects. The data set includes 2111 macroinvertebrate records on temporal fragmentary data from lakes Paione (upper, middle, and lower lakes Paione), and 530 records on spatial data relative to eight other high-altitude lakes from the Ossola Valley (North-western Italy, Piedmont, Central Alps). The study area is included within the Lake Maggiore watershed. All records are georeferenced because, since the beginning of the studies, temporal data were taken in the same sampling sites over years. The temporal data span over the period 1989-2020, the spatial data refer to the 2019-2020 sampling activity. The dataset is available for download as csv format at the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data infrastructure.
在几个欧洲和国家项目的监测活动中创建了一个数据集,其中包括按属/物种组/物种级别确定的大型无脊椎动物的信息。该数据集包括2111个大型无脊椎动物记录,这些记录来自派奥尼湖(派奥尼上湖、中湖和下湖)的时间碎片数据,以及530个关于奥索拉山谷(意大利西北部、皮埃蒙特、阿尔卑斯山脉中部)其他八个高海拔湖泊的空间数据记录。研究区域位于马焦雷湖流域内。所有记录都是地理参考的,因为自研究开始以来,时间数据是多年来在同一采样点采集的。时间数据跨度为1989-2020年,空间数据指的是2019-2020年的采样活动。该数据集可在全球生物多样性信息设施(GBIF)数据基础设施中以csv格式下载。
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引用次数: 1
Mapping bathymetry and shallow water benthic habitats in inland and coastal waters with Sentinel-2 利用Sentinel-2在内陆和沿海水域测绘水深和浅水底栖生物栖息地
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2023.2091
Laura Argus, T. Kutser, B. Paavel, M. Ligi, C. Giardino, M. Bresciani, T. Möller
Accurate determination of the water depth and benthic macroalgae composition in coastal and inland water bodies is important due to the high commercial and ecological value of these regions. Benthic habitat mapping by conventional methods provides good accuracy, but these methods are very expensive and limited by manpower and time factor, which is necessary for mapping large areas. Remote sensing methods significantly complement contact measurements and give additional information about the hard-to-reach areas. The usefulness of free Sentinel-2 data in bathymetry and habitat mapping has been demonstrated in clear oceanic waters. The aim of this study was to further test the suitability of Sentinel-2 imagery in creating maps of dominant benthic types, as well as in estimating bathymetry in optically complex marine and lake waters. Two study sites were selected to cover a representative range of optical variability - Lake Garda in northern Italy (an intermediate between clear ocean and optically very complex waters) and Viimsi peninsula on the Estonian side of the Gulf of Finland, in the Baltic Sea. The results show that Sentinel-2 imagery with 10 m spatial resolution is suitable for bathymetry and habitat mapping in optically complex inland and coastal waters. Our results show that bathymetry mapping is sufficiently accurate in waters less than 4 m deep in the case of the Baltic Sea and up to 7 m deep in Lake Garda.  In such depths, the R2 was above 0.93 in all four Sentinel-2 images used in the study. Bottom type mapping accuracy was in all cases over 73%, which is considered to be good, but due to the limited number of sampling points in both test sites, further studies are needed. The Sentinel-2 data quality and no cost of the imagery for users make it very useful for mapping bathymetry and shallow water habitats over large coastal areas or high number of lakes, especially in hard to reach by in situ methods areas. Moreover, the frequent revisit time allows moving from one-off maps to monitoring of temporal changes happening in dynamic shallow inland and coastal waters.
准确确定沿海和内陆水体的水深和底栖大型藻类组成非常重要,因为这些地区具有很高的商业和生态价值。通过传统方法绘制底栖生物栖息地提供了良好的准确性,但这些方法非常昂贵,并且受到人力和时间因素的限制,这对于绘制大面积地图是必要的。遥感方法大大补充了接触测量,并提供了有关难以到达地区的额外信息。哨兵2号免费数据在水深测量和栖息地测绘方面的有用性已在清澈的海水中得到证明。这项研究的目的是进一步测试Sentinel-2图像在绘制主要底栖生物类型地图以及在光学复杂的海洋和湖泊水域估计水深方面的适用性。选择了两个研究地点来覆盖具有代表性的光学变化范围——意大利北部的加尔达湖(介于清澈的海洋和光学非常复杂的水域之间)和波罗的海芬兰湾爱沙尼亚一侧的维姆西半岛。结果表明,具有10m空间分辨率的Sentinel-2图像适用于光学复杂的内陆和沿海水域的水深测量和栖息地测绘。我们的研究结果表明,在波罗的海,水深小于4米的水域和加尔达湖,水深高达7米的水域,水深测绘是足够准确的。在这样的深度下,研究中使用的四张Sentinel-2图像中的R2均高于0.93。底部类型映射的准确率在所有情况下都超过73%,这被认为是好的,但由于两个测试点的采样点数量有限,还需要进一步的研究。Sentinel-2的数据质量和用户免费获得的图像使其非常有助于绘制大型沿海地区或大量湖泊的水深测量和浅水栖息地地图,尤其是在难以通过现场方法到达的地区。此外,频繁的重访时间允许从一次性地图转向监测动态浅水内陆和沿海水域发生的时间变化。
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引用次数: 0
A georeferenced dataset for occurrence records of the phylum Rotifera in Africa 非洲轮虫门发生记录的地理参考数据集
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2023.2116
Zacarias Fresno Lopez, T. Cancellario, D. Fontaneto, L. Kamburska, K. Karimullah, R. Wallace, E. Walsh, Radoslav Smoľák
We report a dataset of all known and published occurrence records of animals of the phylum Rotifera, including Bdelloidea, Monogononta, and Seisonacea (with the exclusion of Acanthocephala) for Africa and surrounding islands and archipelagos. The dataset includes 24,704 records of 914 taxa (subspecies: 38; species: 783; genus: 76; family: 17), gathered from 610 published papers. The published literature spans from 1854 to 2022, with the highest number of records in the decades 1990-1999 and 2010-2019. The African countries with the highest number of taxa are Nigeria, Algeria, South Africa, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, whereas no records are yet available for a dozen countries. The number of species known from each country can be explained mostly by sampling efforts, measured as the number of papers published for each country up to now. The dataset is available through the Open Science Framework (OSF) and in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
我们报告了所有已知和已发表的轮虫门动物的数据集,包括非洲及其周围岛屿和群岛的Bdelloidea, Monogononta和Seisonacea(不包括Acanthocephala)。该数据集包括914个分类群(亚种:38个;物种:783;属:76;家庭:17),从610篇已发表的论文中收集。发表的文献从1854年到2022年,其中1990-1999年和2010-2019年的记录最多。分类群数量最多的非洲国家是尼日利亚、阿尔及利亚、南非和刚果民主共和国,而还有十几个国家没有相关记录。每个国家已知的物种数量主要可以通过抽样来解释,以每个国家迄今为止发表的论文数量来衡量。该数据集可通过开放科学框架(OSF)和全球生物多样性信息基金(GBIF)获得。
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引用次数: 1
A long-term (1986-2010) phytoplankton dataset from the LTER-Italy site Lake Candia 加拿大湖LTER-Italy站点的长期(1986-2010)浮游植物数据集
IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 LIMNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2023.2122
A. Oggioni, D. Ruggiu, G. Morabito, A. Pugnetti, K. Sparber, R. Cozza, P. Panzani, T. Ruffoni, M. Austoni
In this paper we describe a 25-year (1986-2010) dataset of phytoplankton cell density abundance and biovolume in Lake Candia, a eutrophic, natural, small, and shallow lake located in north-western Italy, with data that are made available through the GBIF repository. The lake belongs to the national (LTER-Italy), European (LTER-Europe) and International (ILTER) long-term ecological research (LTER) networks. Phytoplankton samples were collected approximately monthly at the maximum depth station of the lake (7.7 m) and analysed with the inverted microscope, estimating both the cell density abundance and biovolume of each taxon. The dataset includes 10,120 georeferenced occurrences related to 545 taxa. During this 25-year period, the lake underwent profound modifications mainly related to the lake biomanipulation activities addressed to the management of aquatic macrophyte and to the evolution of the trophic condition. Making this dataset available represents a contribution to the current activities of the LTER networks for defining and reconstructing spatial and temporal dynamics and to identify and compare reliable trends.
在本文中,我们描述了一个25年(1986-2010)的数据集,在坎迪亚湖浮游植物细胞密度丰度和生物体积,一个富营养化的,天然的,小的,浅湖位于意大利西北部,通过GBIF数据库提供的数据。该湖属于国家(LTER- italy)、欧洲(LTER- europe)和国际(ILTER)长期生态研究网络(LTER)。在湖的最大深度站(7.7 m)采集浮游植物样本,并利用倒置显微镜进行分析,估计每个分类群的细胞密度丰度和生物体积。该数据集包括与545个分类群相关的10,120个地理参考事件。在这25年中,湖泊发生了深刻的变化,主要与水生植物管理的湖泊生物操纵活动和营养状况的演变有关。提供该数据集是对LTER网络当前活动的贡献,用于定义和重建空间和时间动态,并确定和比较可靠的趋势。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Limnology
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