Pub Date : 2024-12-18DOI: 10.1038/s44260-024-00024-w
Jeroen F. Uleman, Maartje Luijten, Wilson F. Abdo, Jana Vyrastekova, Andreas Gerhardus, Jakob Runge, Naja Hulvej Rod, Maaike Verhagen
{"title":"Author Correction: Triangulation for causal loop diagrams: constructing biopsychosocial models using group model building, literature review, and causal discovery","authors":"Jeroen F. Uleman, Maartje Luijten, Wilson F. Abdo, Jana Vyrastekova, Andreas Gerhardus, Jakob Runge, Naja Hulvej Rod, Maaike Verhagen","doi":"10.1038/s44260-024-00024-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-024-00024-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":" ","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44260-024-00024-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s44260-024-00023-x
Shanshan Wang, Henrik M. Bette, Michael Schreckenberg, Thomas Guhr
When travelling by car from one location to another, our route is constrained by the road network. The network distance between the two locations is generally longer than the geodetic distance as the crow flies. We report a systematic relation between the statistical properties of these two distances. Empirically, we find a robust scaling between network and geodetic distance distributions for a variety of large motorway networks. A simple consequence is that we typically have to drive 1.3 ± 0.1 times longer than the crow flies. This scaling is not present in standard random networks; rather, it requires non-random adjacency. We develop a set of rules to build a realistic motorway network, also consistent with the above scaling. We hypothesise that the scaling reflects a compromise between two societal needs: high efficiency and accessibility on the one hand, and limitation of costs and other burdens on the other.
{"title":"How much longer do you have to drive than the crow has to fly?","authors":"Shanshan Wang, Henrik M. Bette, Michael Schreckenberg, Thomas Guhr","doi":"10.1038/s44260-024-00023-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-024-00023-x","url":null,"abstract":"When travelling by car from one location to another, our route is constrained by the road network. The network distance between the two locations is generally longer than the geodetic distance as the crow flies. We report a systematic relation between the statistical properties of these two distances. Empirically, we find a robust scaling between network and geodetic distance distributions for a variety of large motorway networks. A simple consequence is that we typically have to drive 1.3 ± 0.1 times longer than the crow flies. This scaling is not present in standard random networks; rather, it requires non-random adjacency. We develop a set of rules to build a realistic motorway network, also consistent with the above scaling. We hypothesise that the scaling reflects a compromise between two societal needs: high efficiency and accessibility on the one hand, and limitation of costs and other burdens on the other.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44260-024-00023-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-04DOI: 10.1038/s44260-024-00021-z
P. Valgañón, A. F. Useche, F. Montes, A. Arenas, D. Soriano-Paños, J. Gómez-Gardeñes
We introduce a surveillance strategy specifically designed for urban areas to enhance preparedness and response to disease outbreaks by leveraging the unique characteristics of human behavior within urban contexts. By integrating data on individual residences and travel patterns, we construct a Mixing matrix that facilitates the identification of critical pathways that ease pathogen transmission across urban landscapes enabling targeted testing strategies. Our approach not only enhances public health systems’ ability to provide early epidemiological alerts but also underscores the variability in strategy effectiveness based on urban layout. We prove the feasibility of our mobility-informed policies by mapping essential mobility links to major transit stations, showing that few resources focused on specific stations yields a more effective surveillance than non-targeted approaches. This study emphasizes the critical role of integrating human behavioral patterns into epidemic management strategies to improve the preparedness and resilience of major cities against future outbreaks.
{"title":"Human behavior-driven epidemic surveillance in urban landscapes","authors":"P. Valgañón, A. F. Useche, F. Montes, A. Arenas, D. Soriano-Paños, J. Gómez-Gardeñes","doi":"10.1038/s44260-024-00021-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-024-00021-z","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a surveillance strategy specifically designed for urban areas to enhance preparedness and response to disease outbreaks by leveraging the unique characteristics of human behavior within urban contexts. By integrating data on individual residences and travel patterns, we construct a Mixing matrix that facilitates the identification of critical pathways that ease pathogen transmission across urban landscapes enabling targeted testing strategies. Our approach not only enhances public health systems’ ability to provide early epidemiological alerts but also underscores the variability in strategy effectiveness based on urban layout. We prove the feasibility of our mobility-informed policies by mapping essential mobility links to major transit stations, showing that few resources focused on specific stations yields a more effective surveillance than non-targeted approaches. This study emphasizes the critical role of integrating human behavioral patterns into epidemic management strategies to improve the preparedness and resilience of major cities against future outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44260-024-00021-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1038/s44260-024-00020-0
Piergiorgio Castioni, Sergio Gómez, Clara Granell, Alex Arenas
In this study, we explore the dynamic interplay between the timing of vaccination campaigns and the trajectory of disease spread in a population. Through modeling and comprehensive data analysis of model output, we have uncovered a counter-intuitive phenomenon: initiating a vaccination process at an inopportune moment can paradoxically result in a more pronounced second peak of infections. This “rebound” phenomenon challenges the conventional understanding of vaccination impacts on epidemic dynamics. We provide a detailed examination of how improperly timed vaccination efforts can inadvertently reduce the overall immunity level in a population, considering both natural and vaccine-induced immunity. Our findings reveal that such a decrease in population-wide immunity can lead to a delayed, yet more severe, resurgence of cases. This study not only adds a critical dimension to our understanding of vaccination strategies in controlling pandemics but also underscores the necessity for strategically timed interventions to optimize public health outcomes. Furthermore, we compute which vaccination strategies are optimal for a COVID-19 tailored mathematical model, and find that there are two types of optimal strategies. The first type prioritizes vaccinating early and rapidly to reduce the number of deaths, while the second type acts later and more slowly to reduce the number of cases; both of them target primarily the elderly population. Our results hold significant implications for the formulation of vaccination policies, particularly in the context of rapidly evolving infectious diseases.
{"title":"Rebound in epidemic control: how misaligned vaccination timing amplifies infection peaks","authors":"Piergiorgio Castioni, Sergio Gómez, Clara Granell, Alex Arenas","doi":"10.1038/s44260-024-00020-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-024-00020-0","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we explore the dynamic interplay between the timing of vaccination campaigns and the trajectory of disease spread in a population. Through modeling and comprehensive data analysis of model output, we have uncovered a counter-intuitive phenomenon: initiating a vaccination process at an inopportune moment can paradoxically result in a more pronounced second peak of infections. This “rebound” phenomenon challenges the conventional understanding of vaccination impacts on epidemic dynamics. We provide a detailed examination of how improperly timed vaccination efforts can inadvertently reduce the overall immunity level in a population, considering both natural and vaccine-induced immunity. Our findings reveal that such a decrease in population-wide immunity can lead to a delayed, yet more severe, resurgence of cases. This study not only adds a critical dimension to our understanding of vaccination strategies in controlling pandemics but also underscores the necessity for strategically timed interventions to optimize public health outcomes. Furthermore, we compute which vaccination strategies are optimal for a COVID-19 tailored mathematical model, and find that there are two types of optimal strategies. The first type prioritizes vaccinating early and rapidly to reduce the number of deaths, while the second type acts later and more slowly to reduce the number of cases; both of them target primarily the elderly population. Our results hold significant implications for the formulation of vaccination policies, particularly in the context of rapidly evolving infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44260-024-00020-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142588302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1038/s44260-024-00017-9
Jeroen F. Uleman, Maartje Luijten, Wilson F. Abdo, Jana Vyrastekova, Andreas Gerhardus, Jakob Runge, Naja Hulvej Rod, Maaike Verhagen
The complex nature of many health problems necessitates the use of systems thinking tools like causal loop diagrams (CLDs) to visualize the underlying causal network and facilitate computational simulations of potential interventions. However, the construction of CLDs is limited by the constraints and biases of specific sources of evidence. To address this, we propose a triangulation approach that integrates expert and theory-driven group model building, literature review, and data-driven causal discovery. We demonstrate the utility of this triangulation approach using a case example focused on the trajectory of depressive symptoms in response to a stressor in healthy adults. After triangulation with causal discovery, the CLD exhibited (1) greater comprehensiveness, encompassing multiple research fields; (2) a modified feedback structure; and (3) increased transparency regarding the uncertainty of evidence in the model structure. These findings suggest that triangulation can produce higher-quality CLDs, potentially advancing our understanding of complex diseases.
{"title":"Triangulation for causal loop diagrams: constructing biopsychosocial models using group model building, literature review, and causal discovery","authors":"Jeroen F. Uleman, Maartje Luijten, Wilson F. Abdo, Jana Vyrastekova, Andreas Gerhardus, Jakob Runge, Naja Hulvej Rod, Maaike Verhagen","doi":"10.1038/s44260-024-00017-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-024-00017-9","url":null,"abstract":"The complex nature of many health problems necessitates the use of systems thinking tools like causal loop diagrams (CLDs) to visualize the underlying causal network and facilitate computational simulations of potential interventions. However, the construction of CLDs is limited by the constraints and biases of specific sources of evidence. To address this, we propose a triangulation approach that integrates expert and theory-driven group model building, literature review, and data-driven causal discovery. We demonstrate the utility of this triangulation approach using a case example focused on the trajectory of depressive symptoms in response to a stressor in healthy adults. After triangulation with causal discovery, the CLD exhibited (1) greater comprehensiveness, encompassing multiple research fields; (2) a modified feedback structure; and (3) increased transparency regarding the uncertainty of evidence in the model structure. These findings suggest that triangulation can produce higher-quality CLDs, potentially advancing our understanding of complex diseases.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44260-024-00017-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1038/s44260-024-00018-8
Akshay Verma, Richard Sear, Neil Johnson
Local or national politics can be a catalyst for potentially dangerous hate speech. But with a third of the world’s population eligible to vote in 2024 elections, we need an understanding of how individual-level hate multiplies up to the collective global scale. We show, based on the most recent U.S. presidential election, that offline events are associated with rapid adaptations of the global online hate universe that strengthens both its network-of-networks structure and the types of hate content that it collectively produces. Approximately 50 million accounts in hate communities are drawn closer to each other and to a broad mainstream of billions. The election triggered new hate content at scale around immigration, ethnicity, and antisemitism that aligns with conspiracy theories about Jewish-led replacement. Telegram acts as a key hardening agent; yet, it is overlooked by U.S. Congressional hearings and new E.U. legislation. Because the hate universe has remained robust since 2020, anti-hate messaging surrounding global events (e.g., upcoming elections or the war in Gaza) should pivot to blending multiple hate types while targeting previously untouched social media structures.
{"title":"How U.S. Presidential elections strengthen global hate networks","authors":"Akshay Verma, Richard Sear, Neil Johnson","doi":"10.1038/s44260-024-00018-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-024-00018-8","url":null,"abstract":"Local or national politics can be a catalyst for potentially dangerous hate speech. But with a third of the world’s population eligible to vote in 2024 elections, we need an understanding of how individual-level hate multiplies up to the collective global scale. We show, based on the most recent U.S. presidential election, that offline events are associated with rapid adaptations of the global online hate universe that strengthens both its network-of-networks structure and the types of hate content that it collectively produces. Approximately 50 million accounts in hate communities are drawn closer to each other and to a broad mainstream of billions. The election triggered new hate content at scale around immigration, ethnicity, and antisemitism that aligns with conspiracy theories about Jewish-led replacement. Telegram acts as a key hardening agent; yet, it is overlooked by U.S. Congressional hearings and new E.U. legislation. Because the hate universe has remained robust since 2020, anti-hate messaging surrounding global events (e.g., upcoming elections or the war in Gaza) should pivot to blending multiple hate types while targeting previously untouched social media structures.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44260-024-00018-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1038/s44260-024-00019-7
Aparna Ananthasubramaniam, David Jurgens, Daniel M. Romero
{"title":"Author Correction: Networks and identity drive the spatial diffusion of linguistic innovation in urban and rural areas","authors":"Aparna Ananthasubramaniam, David Jurgens, Daniel M. Romero","doi":"10.1038/s44260-024-00019-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-024-00019-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":" ","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44260-024-00019-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1038/s44260-024-00016-w
Kunal Bhattacharya, Chandreyee Roy, Tuomas Takko, Anna Rotkirch, Kimmo Kaski
We studied residential clustering and mobility of ethnic minorities using a theoretical framework based on null models of spatial distributions and movements of populations. Using microdata from population registers we compared the patterns of clustering amongst various socioethnic groups living in and around the capital region of Finland. The models enabled us to connect the factors influencing intraurban migration to the spatial patterns that have developed over time. The observed clustering seems to be a combined effect of fertility and the tendency to migrate locally. The models also highlight the importance of factors like proximity to the city centre, neighbourhood income levels, and similarity of socioeconomic profiles. While the demonstrated relationship between clustering, mobility, and fertility is based on a limited number of observations, it could serve as a motivation for future research in different urban settings. Overall, these insights are expected to contribute to our understanding of demographic dynamics in culturally diverse environments.
{"title":"Urban residential clustering and mobility of ethnic groups: impact of fertility","authors":"Kunal Bhattacharya, Chandreyee Roy, Tuomas Takko, Anna Rotkirch, Kimmo Kaski","doi":"10.1038/s44260-024-00016-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-024-00016-w","url":null,"abstract":"We studied residential clustering and mobility of ethnic minorities using a theoretical framework based on null models of spatial distributions and movements of populations. Using microdata from population registers we compared the patterns of clustering amongst various socioethnic groups living in and around the capital region of Finland. The models enabled us to connect the factors influencing intraurban migration to the spatial patterns that have developed over time. The observed clustering seems to be a combined effect of fertility and the tendency to migrate locally. The models also highlight the importance of factors like proximity to the city centre, neighbourhood income levels, and similarity of socioeconomic profiles. While the demonstrated relationship between clustering, mobility, and fertility is based on a limited number of observations, it could serve as a motivation for future research in different urban settings. Overall, these insights are expected to contribute to our understanding of demographic dynamics in culturally diverse environments.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44260-024-00016-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1038/s44260-024-00015-x
Zhuoying Xu, Yingjun Zhu, Binbin Hong, Xinlin Wu, Jingwen Zhang, Mufeng Cai, Da Zhou, Yu Liu
This study employs the recently developed Ladderpath approach, within the broader category of Algorithmic Information Theory (AIT), which characterizes the hierarchical and nested relationships among repeating substructures, to explore the structure-function relationship in neural networks, multilayer perceptrons (MLP), in particular. The metric order-rate η, derived from the approach, is a measure of structural orderliness: when η is in the middle range (around 0.5), the structure exhibits the richest hierarchical relationships, corresponding to the highest complexity. We hypothesize that the highest structural complexity correlates with optimal functionality. Our experiments support this hypothesis in several ways: networks with η values in the middle range show superior performance, and the training processes tend to naturally adjust η towards this range; additionally, starting neural networks with η values in this middle range appears to boost performance. Intriguingly, these findings align with observations in other distinct systems, including chemical molecules and protein sequences, hinting at a hidden regularity encapsulated by this theoretical framework.
本研究在算法信息论（AIT）的大范畴内采用了最近开发的阶梯路径方法（Ladderpath approach），该方法描述了重复子结构之间的层次和嵌套关系，以探索神经网络（尤其是多层感知器（MLP））中的结构-功能关系。从该方法中得出的度量秩率 η 是结构有序性的一个度量：当 η 处于中间范围（约 0.5）时，结构表现出最丰富的层次关系，相当于最高的复杂性。我们假设，最高的结构复杂度与最佳功能相关。我们的实验从几个方面支持了这一假设：η 值处于中间范围的网络表现出更优越的性能，而训练过程往往会自然地将 η 调整到这一范围；此外，以 η 值处于中间范围的神经网络作为起点似乎也能提高性能。耐人寻味的是，这些发现与其他不同系统（包括化学分子和蛋白质序列）中的观察结果一致，暗示了这一理论框架所包含的隐藏规律性。
{"title":"Correlating measures of hierarchical structures in artificial neural networks with their performance","authors":"Zhuoying Xu, Yingjun Zhu, Binbin Hong, Xinlin Wu, Jingwen Zhang, Mufeng Cai, Da Zhou, Yu Liu","doi":"10.1038/s44260-024-00015-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-024-00015-x","url":null,"abstract":"This study employs the recently developed Ladderpath approach, within the broader category of Algorithmic Information Theory (AIT), which characterizes the hierarchical and nested relationships among repeating substructures, to explore the structure-function relationship in neural networks, multilayer perceptrons (MLP), in particular. The metric order-rate η, derived from the approach, is a measure of structural orderliness: when η is in the middle range (around 0.5), the structure exhibits the richest hierarchical relationships, corresponding to the highest complexity. We hypothesize that the highest structural complexity correlates with optimal functionality. Our experiments support this hypothesis in several ways: networks with η values in the middle range show superior performance, and the training processes tend to naturally adjust η towards this range; additionally, starting neural networks with η values in this middle range appears to boost performance. Intriguingly, these findings align with observations in other distinct systems, including chemical molecules and protein sequences, hinting at a hidden regularity encapsulated by this theoretical framework.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44260-024-00015-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142360064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1038/s44260-024-00009-9
Aparna Ananthasubramaniam, David Jurgens, Daniel M. Romero
Cultural innovation (e.g., music, beliefs, language) tends to be adopted regionally. The geographic area where innovation is adopted is often attributed to one of two factors: (i) speakers adopting new behaviors that signal their demographic identities (i.e., an identity effect), or (ii) these behaviors spreading through homophilous networks (i.e., a network effect). In this study, we show that network and identity play complementary roles in determining where new language is adopted; thus, modeling the diffusion of lexical innovation requires incorporating both network and identity. We develop an agent-based model of cultural adoption, and validate geographic properties in our simulations against a dataset of innovative words that we identify from a 10% sample of Twitter (e.g., fleeky, birbs, ubering). Using our model, we are able to directly test the roles of network and identity by comparing a model that combines network and identity against simulated network-only and identity-only counterfactuals. We show that both effects influence different mechanisms of diffusion. Specifically, network principally drives spread among urban counties via weak-tie diffusion, while identity plays a disproportionate role in transmission among rural counties via strong-tie diffusion. Diffusion between urban and rural areas, a key component in innovation spreading nationally, requires both network and identity. Our work suggests that models must integrate both factors in order to understand and reproduce the adoption of innovation.
文化创新（如音乐、信仰、语言）往往在地区范围内采用。创新被采用的地理区域通常归因于以下两个因素之一：(i) 说话者采用了表明其人口身份的新行为（即身份效应），或 (ii) 这些行为通过同亲网络传播（即网络效应）。在本研究中，我们发现网络和身份在决定新语言在何处被采用方面起着互补作用；因此，建立词汇创新传播模型需要同时考虑网络和身份。我们建立了一个基于代理的文化采用模型，并在模拟中根据我们从 Twitter 的 10% 样本中识别出的创新词数据集（例如，fleeky、birbs、ubering）验证了地理属性。利用我们的模型，我们能够通过将网络和身份相结合的模型与模拟的纯网络和纯身份反事实进行比较，直接检验网络和身份的作用。我们发现，这两种效应影响着不同的传播机制。具体来说，网络主要通过弱联系扩散推动城市县域之间的传播，而身份则通过强联系扩散在农村县域之间的传播中发挥着不成比例的作用。城市和农村地区之间的扩散是创新在全国范围内传播的一个关键组成部分，它既需要网络，也需要身份。我们的工作表明，模型必须整合这两个因素，才能理解和再现创新的采用。
{"title":"Networks and identity drive the spatial diffusion of linguistic innovation in urban and rural areas","authors":"Aparna Ananthasubramaniam, David Jurgens, Daniel M. Romero","doi":"10.1038/s44260-024-00009-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44260-024-00009-9","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural innovation (e.g., music, beliefs, language) tends to be adopted regionally. The geographic area where innovation is adopted is often attributed to one of two factors: (i) speakers adopting new behaviors that signal their demographic identities (i.e., an identity effect), or (ii) these behaviors spreading through homophilous networks (i.e., a network effect). In this study, we show that network and identity play complementary roles in determining where new language is adopted; thus, modeling the diffusion of lexical innovation requires incorporating both network and identity. We develop an agent-based model of cultural adoption, and validate geographic properties in our simulations against a dataset of innovative words that we identify from a 10% sample of Twitter (e.g., fleeky, birbs, ubering). Using our model, we are able to directly test the roles of network and identity by comparing a model that combines network and identity against simulated network-only and identity-only counterfactuals. We show that both effects influence different mechanisms of diffusion. Specifically, network principally drives spread among urban counties via weak-tie diffusion, while identity plays a disproportionate role in transmission among rural counties via strong-tie diffusion. Diffusion between urban and rural areas, a key component in innovation spreading nationally, requires both network and identity. Our work suggests that models must integrate both factors in order to understand and reproduce the adoption of innovation.","PeriodicalId":501707,"journal":{"name":"npj Complexity","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44260-024-00009-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142117959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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