Journal of Interprofessional Care最新文献

Collaboration among healthcare providers is regarded as a promising method to improve care quality and patient outcomes with limited human and financial resources. In Norway, "hospital-at-home" refers to care given by teams from the hospital pediatric wards who provide treatment and care in the family's home. When children need home visits multiple times daily, the hospital-at-home often reaches out to municipality healthcare providers, asking them to share this task. We aimed to explore the collaboration between stakeholders to gain knowledge on matters concerning the transfer of pediatric competence between hospital and home-based care, and to gain insight into how to set up the service for children in the future. We conducted three focus group interviews. The results showed that managing hospital-at-home collaboratively came with various challenges concerning unclear responsibilities between hospitals and homecare services and several obstacles to setting up cooperation across service levels. Thus, positive collaboration experiences between hospital and homecare settings were shared. Formalizing this collaboration was considered important for future collaboration. Building competence and learning from and with each other ensures better conditions for success if the collaboration is organized and facilitated through agreements between the hospital and the municipalities.

Simulation-enhanced interprofessional education (IPE-sim) improves students' interprofessional collaboration skills. During the debriefing phase, students analyze and reflect on their performance to develop the collaborative skills required for effective teamwork. Although IPE-sim has become increasingly common in health professional education, interprofessional debriefing after IPE-sims lacks clarity. This scoping review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute's scoping review methodology and aimed to expound empirical research on IPE in a healthcare context, focusing on debriefing in IPE-sim. A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Google Scholar was undertaken between April and May 2024. A total of 17 articles were included. Three themes were identified. The first theme highlights how healthcare students learn through interprofessional reflection during debriefing. The second focuses on the importance of structuring the interprofessional debriefing process. Finally, the third theme emphasizes the facilitator's role in supporting a learning environment for interprofessional debriefing. Debriefing allows students to develop their professional identities and dual roles in interprofessional teamwork, with facilitators playing a crucial role. Future researchers should examine how interprofessional debriefing can best be designed and aligned with established competency frameworks to optimize identity development and collaborative practice in healthcare education.

Interprofessional collaboration in rehabilitation is essential but challenging. Although factors supporting interprofessional collaboration are well known, how professionals make collaboration work within complex practices is underexamined. In response, we explored interprofessional collaboration and communication in a complex, dynamic rehabilitation setting, along with how healthcare professionals experience such collaboration and their actions to make it work across organizational boundaries. To those ends, we conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 14 healthcare practitioners from a hospital and the primary healthcare rehabilitation services in Western Norway. The interview transcripts were analyzed through thematic analysis, and we applied the theoretical perspective of relational expertise in interpreting the findings. We developed two main themes with sub-themes: that professionals enable and orchestrate collaborative work by (1) using different communication approaches flexibly and adjusting the collaboration to each patient's needs and to the collaborative situation, and (2) acknowledging the significance of interpersonal relations by cultivating mutual trust and understanding. Those new insights contribute to interprofessional practice by urging practice and policymakers to acknowledge practitioners' need for flexibility and to develop relational expertise as well professional expertise, especially in dynamic rehabilitation settings. Practitioners, educators and policymakers should support the cultivation of collaborative skills and structures.

Interprofessional education (IPE) is recognized globally as essential for preparing healthcare students to collaborate effectively in practice. A critical but underexplored aspect of IPE is the development of an interprofessional identity. However, many curricula still prioritize competency-based outcomes, creating a gap in addressing identity formation. The University of the Western Cape employed an IPE passport to develop students' interprofessional identity. We aimed to evaluate whether the IPE passport effectively develops and assesses students' interprofessional identity. Using a document analysis design, IPE student guides, booklets, and rubrics were systematically assessed through a four-step methodology against the Interprofessional Socialisation Framework and the IPE passport's activities were assessed against Rubric Interprofessional Identity Development's criteria. Findings revealed a disconnect between competency-focused assessment and identity-focused outcomes, highlighting the need for intentional scaffolding of identity development throughout the curriculum. In response, an IPE Passport model is proposed, integrating Interprofessional Entrustable Professional Activities and combining analytic and holistic rubrics to support identity-based assessment. This approach reframes assessment as not only measuring what students can do, but also who they are becoming as collaborative practitioners. This study demonstrates how theoretically grounded tools can guide institutions in embedding interprofessional identity development into IPE curricula, particularly in resource-constrained contexts.

Role clarification is essential for health care professionals to understand each role in a health professions team. However, educators struggle to design and execute effective learning activities focusing on role clarification within interprofessional education programmes, often due to a limited understanding of each other's professions or limited experience within interprofessional teams. To assist in addressing this issue, a qualitative exploratory design was applied using a desktop-based virtual reality (VR) simulation to facilitate a discussion on role clarification and explore the influence of virtual reality in the development of shared mental models about role clarification. Ten educators were recruited to participate in a workshop, after which they engaged in a discussion session on the facilitation of role clarification in Interprofessional education (IPE) programmes. Educators were first expected to individually create their desktop-based virtual reality scenario, which reflected their professional roles. Once completed, other educators interacted with their scenario by asking questions and reflecting on their practice as educators and practitioners. Narrative data collected during the discussions on the scenarios of each of the educators were analyzed thematically, resulting in four themes, namely "skills and tasks," "responsibilities in patient care," "tools of the trade" and "communication." The educators discussed various aspects of their professional roles but ignored the fact that they have dual roles as practitioners and educators. The length of the workshop limited the development of fully shared mental models. Future research should explore the longitudinal use of desktop-based VR in role clarification toward shared mental models.

Traditional hierarchies and structures in healthcare, as well as traditional professional socialization practices, continue to create barriers to effective interprofessional collaboration. Nevertheless, some studies indicate that early socialization with other health professionals can build bridges and improve understanding of each other's roles and contributions to patient care. This pilot study aimed to gain insights into the nursing and medical students' experiences of interprofessional medical history taking during a collective learning activity. A descriptive case study was conducted using modified interviews based on the speed-dating (SD) technique to explore participants' reasons for the choice of profession (SD1) and experiences of interprofessional history taking (SD2). Data were digitally captured using audio-recordings. An inductive-deductive approach to qualitative content analysis of transcribed responses was undertaken. Eighteen students (medicine n = 6; nursing n = 12) participated. Two main categories with sub-themes emerged from the inductive SD1 analysis: (a) reasons for choosing a career and (b) knowledge about professions. The SD2 deductive analysis identified three major categories with sub-themes: (a) breaking down barriers, (b) interprofessional role learning - interprofessional collaboration and (c) dual-identity development. Our findings showed that early interprofessional socialization of students supported their learning about the complementary roles of doctors and nurses and enabled them to gain early experiences of interprofessional teamwork.

An interprofessional team is required to address comprehensive healthcare needs of people living with mental health conditions in the US. Within interprofessional teams, collaborative decision-making improves patient care quality. This process relies on development of constructive learning behaviors - including sharing of knowledge, exploring divergent opinions, building on team members' ideas, and coming to consensus - that must be taught, practiced, and assessed. Without explicit description of these behaviors, it is difficult to communicate expectations to learners and provide them with formative feedback to support progression. A novel observational assessment tool, Tool for Observing Construction of Knowledge in Interprofessional teams (TOCK-IP), was designed to guide clinical educators' observations and formative assessment of discrete, constructive learning behaviors and to support greater consistency and quality of feedback to learners. Faculty raters applied the TOCK-IP to learner teams in the year-long didactic portion of the interprofessional Doctor of Nursing Psychiatric Mental Health Practitioner/Doctor of Pharmacy program to assess its feasibility and utility in real-use situations. This short report provides the results of this assessment, using feedback from learners and faculty raters. Application of the TOCK-IP was feasible and useful in an interprofessional educational setting.

The increase in long-term conditions and healthcare costs in Europe requires a strategic approach, prioritizing the establishment of Community-Based Interprofessional Teams (CBIT). Health and social care professionals (HSCP) in community primary care and CBIT require specific transversal skills and competencies (S&C). This rapid review synthesized the essential transversal S&C across European countries and identified corresponding curricula learning objectives. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was adopted to assess quality evidence. Identified S&C were clustered following the European Skills, Competences, Qualifications, and Occupations (ESCO) Framework, which clusters transversal S&C into six groups: Social and Communication, Self-Management, Thinking, Life, Core, and Physical & Manual S&C. Eight qualitative studies met our coherence eligibility criteria. Among ESCO clusters, Social and Communication S&C was emphasized as crucial, encompassing effective communication, team support, collaboration, leadership, and adherence to ethical codes. Self-management S&C highlighted efficient work and a learning-oriented mind-set, while Thinking S&C emphasized information processing, holistic thinking, and planning. Life S&C focused emphasized health-related applications, and Core S&C highlighted digital proficiency. No skills from the Physical and Manual S&C cluster were reported. To classify these S&C in learning objectives, Bloom's Taxonomy was adopted. Most learning objectives fell under "Procedural Knowledge," emphasizing understanding "How to do something." Future studies should explore the benefits of transversal S&C to enhance work in community primary care and CBIT practices.

Identity development within the interprofessional field is an emerging area of research. This scoping review aims to establish how professional and interprofessional identities are defined, conceptualized, theorized and measured within the interprofessional literature. Six databases were systematically searched for papers focusing on professional and/or interprofessional identities in interprofessional healthcare and education using a scoping review methodology. A total of 84 papers were included. Most papers discussed professional identity only; the minority discussed both identities. There were three key findings. First, no universal definition of interprofessional identity exists. Second, there is no shared understanding of interprofessional identity and its relationship with professional identity. Third, poor alignment between definitions, conceptualizations, theories and measures of interprofessional identity exists. The absence of a psychometrically robust instrument that specifically measures interprofessional identity and the short-term focus of current interprofessional identity research further limits understanding. Research that critically examines professional and interprofessional identity development should be underpinned by clear definitions, concepts, theories and measures of both identities. High-quality research will allow greater understanding of interprofessional identity development and its impact on interprofessional practice.