Noble metal nanoparticles have demonstrated promising biomedical and nanomedicine applications, and their bimetallic equivalents from the green synthesis approach are expected to be more promising. This study concerns bimetallic nanoparticle’s synthesis, characterization, and structure-function analysis for their potential application in breast cancer. Silver core (SCNPs) and Gold core (GCNPs) bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized using Litchi Chinesis leaf extract (LCLE) and characterized using various physio-chemical techniques. The results revealed the successful synthesis of SCNPs and GCNPs with distinct surface plasmon resonance peaks at 551 nm and 531 nm, hydrodynamic sizes of 66 nm and 53 nm, and Zeta potential values of −26.0 mV and −20.6 mV. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of silver and gold phases, while HR-TEM images revealed spherical shapes for SCNPs and heterogenous shapes for GCNPs. Both nanoparticles demonstrated dose and time-dependent inhibition of breast cancer cell growth, with GCNPs requiring a higher concentration than SCNPs at 48 h compared to 24 h. Cell cycle evaluation indicated a cell cycle arrest in the G2M phase for both nanoparticles, an impact on the S phase distribution, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, further contributing to their antiproliferative effects.
{"title":"Bimetallic nanoparticles green synthesis from litchi leaf extract: a promising approach for breast cancer treatment","authors":"Ramanjeet Kaur, Jitender Singh, Pramod K Avti, Vivek Kumar, Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad106f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad106f","url":null,"abstract":"Noble metal nanoparticles have demonstrated promising biomedical and nanomedicine applications, and their bimetallic equivalents from the green synthesis approach are expected to be more promising. This study concerns bimetallic nanoparticle’s synthesis, characterization, and structure-function analysis for their potential application in breast cancer. Silver core (SCNPs) and Gold core (GCNPs) bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized using <italic toggle=\"yes\">Litchi Chinesis</italic> leaf extract (LCLE) and characterized using various physio-chemical techniques. The results revealed the successful synthesis of SCNPs and GCNPs with distinct surface plasmon resonance peaks at 551 nm and 531 nm, hydrodynamic sizes of 66 nm and 53 nm, and Zeta potential values of −26.0 mV and −20.6 mV. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of silver and gold phases, while HR-TEM images revealed spherical shapes for SCNPs and heterogenous shapes for GCNPs. Both nanoparticles demonstrated dose and time-dependent inhibition of breast cancer cell growth, with GCNPs requiring a higher concentration than SCNPs at 48 h compared to 24 h. Cell cycle evaluation indicated a cell cycle arrest in the G2M phase for both nanoparticles, an impact on the S phase distribution, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, further contributing to their antiproliferative effects.","PeriodicalId":501827,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138693346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad0fa7
Parul Taneja, V Manjuladevi, R K Gupta, K K Gupta
The presence of fluoride ion (F-) in potable water above its permissible limit (1–4 ppm) poses serious health hazards. Hence, detection of fluoride in potable water is essential. The π-electron rich single-walled carbon nanotubes can interact with F- to form semi-covalent C-F bond which can act as a basis for F- sensing in aqueous medium. Here, a single layer of octadecylamine functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (ODA-SWCNTs) was transferred onto solid substrates by the Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) method and employed for sensing of F- in aqueous medium by recording piezo and electrochemical responses, simultaneously using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The lowest detectable concentration and range of detectable concentration of fluoride ion were found to be 0.5 ppm and 0.5–145 ppm, respectively. The analysis of the LS film of ODA-SWCNTs before and after interaction with fluoride ion by Raman spectroscopy and grazing angle x-ray diffraction measurement reveals perturbation of π-electrons of the SWCNTs due to semi-covalent binding of the fluoride with the carbon atom of the nanotubes. The sensor showed a good selectivity towards the F- in the presence of some heavy metal ions. Testing of the sensor towards F- in tap water obtained from some local region showed a good accuracy.
{"title":"Selective fluoride ion sensing in aqueous medium using ultrathin film of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes","authors":"Parul Taneja, V Manjuladevi, R K Gupta, K K Gupta","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad0fa7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad0fa7","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of fluoride ion (F<sup>\u0000<bold>-</bold>\u0000</sup>) in potable water above its permissible limit (1–4 ppm) poses serious health hazards. Hence, detection of fluoride in potable water is essential. The <italic toggle=\"yes\">π</italic>-electron rich single-walled carbon nanotubes can interact with F<sup>-</sup> to form semi-covalent C-F bond which can act as a basis for F<sup>\u0000<bold>-</bold>\u0000</sup> sensing in aqueous medium. Here, a single layer of octadecylamine functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (ODA-SWCNTs) was transferred onto solid substrates by the Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) method and employed for sensing of F- in aqueous medium by recording piezo and electrochemical responses, simultaneously using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The lowest detectable concentration and range of detectable concentration of fluoride ion were found to be 0.5 ppm and 0.5–145 ppm, respectively. The analysis of the LS film of ODA-SWCNTs before and after interaction with fluoride ion by Raman spectroscopy and grazing angle x-ray diffraction measurement reveals perturbation of <italic toggle=\"yes\">π</italic>-electrons of the SWCNTs due to semi-covalent binding of the fluoride with the carbon atom of the nanotubes. The sensor showed a good selectivity towards the F<sup>-</sup> in the presence of some heavy metal ions. Testing of the sensor towards F<sup>-</sup> in tap water obtained from some local region showed a good accuracy.","PeriodicalId":501827,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138693343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad100d
Vimal Patel, Jigar Shah
Glioblastoma has been recognized as a most complex and highly malignant type of primary brain tumor. The rapid progression brain tumor model was developed by direct intracranial administration of ENU at the different focal brain points in the rat brains. The GQD was synthesized by bottom-up technique and functionalized with Trastuzumab and Caspase-8 antibody by Carbodiimide-amidation activation. The in-vitro cytotoxicity MTT assay was performed with all the GQD conjugates in SK-N-SH and N2a cell lines. The acute and chronic toxicity of synthesized GQD was performed in healthy rats and evaluated the hemolytic activity and CRP levels. A synthesized quasi-spherical 2D tiny GQD has a particle size of less than 10 nm and a 12.7% quantum yield. DSL, TEM, AFM, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy characterized the GQD conjugates. In-silico molecular docking was a conformed static interaction between GQD and antibodies. GQD-conjugates showed dose-dependent toxicity in both cell lines and mild acute toxicity in rat blood. The GBM tumor-bearing rats were assessed for the anticancer and neuroprotective activity of the GQD conjugates. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, metabolic, and inflammatory tumor biomarker estimation showed that the GQD_Caspase-8 conjugate showed better anti-tumor and neuroprotective effects than other conjugates.
{"title":"Anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects of conjugated graphene quantum dot in brain tumor-bearing rat model","authors":"Vimal Patel, Jigar Shah","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad100d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad100d","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma has been recognized as a most complex and highly malignant type of primary brain tumor. The rapid progression brain tumor model was developed by direct intracranial administration of ENU at the different focal brain points in the rat brains. The GQD was synthesized by bottom-up technique and functionalized with Trastuzumab and Caspase-8 antibody by Carbodiimide-amidation activation. The in-vitro cytotoxicity MTT assay was performed with all the GQD conjugates in SK-N-SH and N2a cell lines. The acute and chronic toxicity of synthesized GQD was performed in healthy rats and evaluated the hemolytic activity and CRP levels. A synthesized quasi-spherical 2D tiny GQD has a particle size of less than 10 nm and a 12.7% quantum yield. DSL, TEM, AFM, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy characterized the GQD conjugates. In-silico molecular docking was a conformed static interaction between GQD and antibodies. GQD-conjugates showed dose-dependent toxicity in both cell lines and mild acute toxicity in rat blood. The GBM tumor-bearing rats were assessed for the anticancer and neuroprotective activity of the GQD conjugates. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, metabolic, and inflammatory tumor biomarker estimation showed that the GQD_Caspase-8 conjugate showed better anti-tumor and neuroprotective effects than other conjugates.","PeriodicalId":501827,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138693348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad0e78
Nakka Praveenkumar, Nasina Madhusudhana Rao
This work reports the pure matrix and synthesis of Zn(3–(x+y))NixMnyP2 (x = 0.02, y = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) nanoparticles using the solid-state reaction method. The impact of Ni-Mn codoping on the structural, morphological, chemical identification, optical, photoluminescence, and magnetic properties of Zn3P2 nanoparticles is studied. The structural properties after doping confirm the absence of other phases and synthesized samples had a tetragonal structure. Using SEM with EDAX, the nanoparticles’ surface morphology, and elemental composition are investigated. The nanoparticles have a spherical shape and approximately the expected stoichiometric atomic ratio. The optical band gap of the undoped and codoped nanoparticles is calculated and found the band gap increased with increasing dopant content. The emission peaks show that all emission peaks are in the same wavelength position with effect of dopant level. VSM confirmed the magnetic moment is found to increase with an increase in dopant concentration.
这项工作报道了采用固态反应方法合成 Zn(3-(x+y))NixMnyP2 (x = 0.02, y = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) 纳米粒子的纯基质和合成过程。研究了 Ni-Mn 共掺杂对 Zn3P2 纳米粒子的结构、形态、化学鉴定、光学、光致发光和磁性能的影响。掺杂后的结构特性证实不存在其他相，合成的样品具有四方结构。利用带有 EDAX 的扫描电镜研究了纳米粒子的表面形态和元素组成。纳米颗粒呈球形，原子比例接近预期的化学计量比。计算了未掺杂和共掺杂纳米粒子的光带隙，发现带隙随着掺杂剂含量的增加而增大。发射峰显示，在掺杂水平的影响下，所有发射峰都处于相同的波长位置。VSM 证实磁矩随着掺杂剂浓度的增加而增大。
{"title":"Transition metal (Ni,Mn) codoped Zn3P2 nanoparticles: effect on structural, optical and magnetic properties","authors":"Nakka Praveenkumar, Nasina Madhusudhana Rao","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad0e78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad0e78","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports the pure matrix and synthesis of Zn<sub>(3–(x+y))</sub>Ni<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>P<sub>2</sub> (x = 0.02, y = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) nanoparticles using the solid-state reaction method. The impact of Ni-Mn codoping on the structural, morphological, chemical identification, optical, photoluminescence, and magnetic properties of Zn<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles is studied. The structural properties after doping confirm the absence of other phases and synthesized samples had a tetragonal structure. Using SEM with EDAX, the nanoparticles’ surface morphology, and elemental composition are investigated. The nanoparticles have a spherical shape and approximately the expected stoichiometric atomic ratio. The optical band gap of the undoped and codoped nanoparticles is calculated and found the band gap increased with increasing dopant content. The emission peaks show that all emission peaks are in the same wavelength position with effect of dopant level. VSM confirmed the magnetic moment is found to increase with an increase in dopant concentration.","PeriodicalId":501827,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138693345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad0ee9
A M Faramawy, H M El-Sayed
Ni-Zn ferrite films with different thicknesses were prepared by the spray method, aiming to study the relationship between the annealing effect in an oxygen rich environment and the structural, optical properties and photoluminescence emission. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis used with Rietveld refinement showed that all prepared samples had a single spinel phase structure. Likewise, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the phase formation of Ni-Zn ferrites by appearing in both of the two characteristic absorption bands which are related to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. For annealed thin film samples of Ni-Zn ferrite, the atomic force microscope (AFM) surface morphology exhibits pinning structure on the surface in nanoscale height, whereas for un-annealed samples, there are hills and valleys cover a broad region. The different electronic transitions were estimated from the UV-visible transmission spectrum. Strong photoluminescence (PL) intensity in the visible range was observed under the excitation of UV radiation. The intensity of the PL signal was strongest at a film thickness of 750 nm then decreased for higher thicknesses. This could be interpreted by using proposed energy level structures based on the transmission spectrum of the investigated samples. The strong PL intensity introduces the samples as a direct optical detector for UV radiation.
采用喷雾法制备了不同厚度的镍锌铁氧体薄膜，旨在研究富氧环境中的退火效应与薄膜的结构、光学特性和光致发光之间的关系。利用里特维尔德细化法进行的 X 射线衍射（XRD）分析表明，所有制备的样品都具有单一的尖晶石相结构。同样，傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）也证实了镍锌铁氧体的相形成，因为它出现了与四面体和八面体位点相关的两个特征吸收带。对于退火的镍锌铁氧体薄膜样品，原子力显微镜（AFM）表面形貌显示其表面具有纳米级高度的针状结构，而对于未退火的样品，则存在覆盖广泛区域的丘陵和山谷。从紫外-可见透射光谱中估算出了不同的电子跃迁。在紫外辐射的激发下，在可见光范围内观察到了很强的光致发光（PL）强度。光致发光信号的强度在薄膜厚度为 750 纳米时最强，然后随着厚度的增加而减弱。这可以通过根据所研究样品的透射光谱提出的能级结构来解释。强烈的聚光强度使样品成为紫外线辐射的直接光学探测器。
{"title":"Optimization of visible photoluminescence emission from Ni-Zn ferrite thin films","authors":"A M Faramawy, H M El-Sayed","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad0ee9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad0ee9","url":null,"abstract":"Ni-Zn ferrite films with different thicknesses were prepared by the spray method, aiming to study the relationship between the annealing effect in an oxygen rich environment and the structural, optical properties and photoluminescence emission. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis used with Rietveld refinement showed that all prepared samples had a single spinel phase structure. Likewise, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the phase formation of Ni-Zn ferrites by appearing in both of the two characteristic absorption bands which are related to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. For annealed thin film samples of Ni-Zn ferrite, the atomic force microscope (AFM) surface morphology exhibits pinning structure on the surface in nanoscale height, whereas for un-annealed samples, there are hills and valleys cover a broad region. The different electronic transitions were estimated from the UV-visible transmission spectrum. Strong photoluminescence (PL) intensity in the visible range was observed under the excitation of UV radiation. The intensity of the PL signal was strongest at a film thickness of 750 nm then decreased for higher thicknesses. This could be interpreted by using proposed energy level structures based on the transmission spectrum of the investigated samples. The strong PL intensity introduces the samples as a direct optical detector for UV radiation.","PeriodicalId":501827,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138693389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad0ee8
Navneet Kaur
Nanoparticles of Fe3O4 are prepared by simple co-precipitation method. The sample is characterized using an x-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The x-ray diffraction pattern of the sample clearly shows that it is a single-phase magnetite. The transmission electron micrograph shows that the sample has a narrow distribution in particle size with average particle size of 9.9 nm. The SAED pattern only shows the diffraction planes correspond to magnetite and no other phase impurity is detected. The calculated thickness of the magnetic disordered shell due to the reduction in particle size is found to be 1.7 nm. The magnetization of the sample is measured as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field. The zero-field cooled and field cooled curves of the sample are measured in the presence of 250 Oe applied magnetic field and both the curves bifurcate at 170 K. The peak in the zero-field curve indicates that the sample has a blocking temperature of around 100 K. The magnetization as a function of applied magnetic field data at 200, 225, 250, 275 and 300 K are measured (up to ±20 kOe). These magnetization data are used for the fitting to analyze the magnetic behavior of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. . The magnetization of nanoparticles systems is influenced by several factors such as particle size distribution, disordered surface, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, magnetic moment distribution and magnetic interactions. The ignorance of such factors while analyzing the magnetization data leads to discrepancies in the results. The surface effects are sensitive to the reduction in particle size leading to the spin frustrations on the surface suggesting a magnetic disordered layer which affect the magnetic behavior of nanoparticles. This work presents the analysis of the magnetization data in an appropriate magnetization expression which takes into consideration the effect of magnetic moment distribution. This distribution in the magnetic moment is found to be significantly influenced the magnetization analysis and affected by the magnetic disordered surface which accounts for the presence of magnetic anisotropy and magnetic interactions on the particles surface. The results and observations are discussed in detail.
采用简单的共沉淀法制备了纳米 Fe3O4 粒子。使用 X 射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜和振动样品磁力计对样品进行了表征。样品的 X 射线衍射图样清楚地表明它是单相磁铁矿。透射电子显微镜照片显示，样品的粒度分布较窄，平均粒度为 9.9 纳米。SAED 图样只显示了与磁铁矿相对应的衍射平面，没有检测到其他相杂质。由于粒度减小，磁性无序壳的计算厚度为 1.7 nm。样品的磁化测量是温度和外加磁场的函数。在 250 Oe 的外加磁场下测量了样品的零场冷却曲线和场冷却曲线，两条曲线都在 170 K 分叉。零场曲线中的峰值表明样品的阻挡温度约为 100 K。这些磁化数据用于拟合分析 Fe3O4 纳米粒子的磁性行为。.纳米粒子系统的磁化受多种因素影响，如粒度分布、无序表面、磁晶各向异性、磁矩分布和磁相互作用。在分析磁化数据时，如果忽略了这些因素，就会导致结果出现偏差。表面效应对颗粒尺寸的减小很敏感，导致表面自旋受挫，形成磁性无序层，从而影响纳米颗粒的磁性行为。这项研究用适当的磁化表达式分析了磁化数据，其中考虑到了磁矩分布的影响。磁矩分布对磁化分析有重大影响，并受磁性无序表面的影响，这说明粒子表面存在磁各向异性和磁相互作用。本文详细讨论了研究结果和观察结果。
{"title":"Modelling the magnetization data of Fe3O4 nanoparticles above blocking temperature","authors":"Navneet Kaur","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad0ee8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad0ee8","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> are prepared by simple co-precipitation method. The sample is characterized using an x-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The x-ray diffraction pattern of the sample clearly shows that it is a single-phase magnetite. The transmission electron micrograph shows that the sample has a narrow distribution in particle size with average particle size of 9.9 nm. The SAED pattern only shows the diffraction planes correspond to magnetite and no other phase impurity is detected. The calculated thickness of the magnetic disordered shell due to the reduction in particle size is found to be 1.7 nm. The magnetization of the sample is measured as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field. The zero-field cooled and field cooled curves of the sample are measured in the presence of 250 <italic toggle=\"yes\">Oe</italic> applied magnetic field and both the curves bifurcate at 170 K. The peak in the zero-field curve indicates that the sample has a blocking temperature of around 100 K. The magnetization as a function of applied magnetic field data at 200, 225, 250, 275 and 300 K are measured (up to ±20 kOe). These magnetization data are used for the fitting to analyze the magnetic behavior of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. . The magnetization of nanoparticles systems is influenced by several factors such as particle size distribution, disordered surface, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, magnetic moment distribution and magnetic interactions. The ignorance of such factors while analyzing the magnetization data leads to discrepancies in the results. The surface effects are sensitive to the reduction in particle size leading to the spin frustrations on the surface suggesting a magnetic disordered layer which affect the magnetic behavior of nanoparticles. This work presents the analysis of the magnetization data in an appropriate magnetization expression which takes into consideration the effect of magnetic moment distribution. This distribution in the magnetic moment is found to be significantly influenced the magnetization analysis and affected by the magnetic disordered surface which accounts for the presence of magnetic anisotropy and magnetic interactions on the particles surface. The results and observations are discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":501827,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138693388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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