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Elements in Invasive Redclaw Crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus Pose Human Health Risks in the Largest Floodplain System of South Africa. 入侵的红爪螯虾 Cherax quadricarinatus 中的元素对南非最大的洪泛平原系统中的人类健康构成风险。
IF 2.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03963-1
Johannes H Erasmus, Wynand Malherbe, Nico J Smit, Victor Wepener

The Australian redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, has been introduced globally for aquacultural purposes, and invasive wild populations have established in several countries. An increase in population growth, has caused several low-income and rural communities to utilise it as an inexpensive protein source. Despite this introduction, limited research has been done on element accumulation, and the risks for human consumption. This study focused on elemental accumulation in C. quadricarinatus from two rivers in the Phongolo River Floodplain (PRF), South Africa. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic human health risks associated with its consumption were calculated. The accumulation order in the PRF was Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > As > Ni > Hg > Cd. Elevated concentrations of As and Hg, as well as As, Cr, and Ni posed non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, respectively. These results highlight that wild populations of C. quadricarinatus not only pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems but also potentially cause human health risks when consumed.

澳大利亚红爪小龙虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)已被引入全球用于水产养殖,入侵野生种群已在多个国家形成。随着人口的增长,一些低收入和农村社区将其作为廉价的蛋白质来源。尽管如此,有关元素积累和人类食用风险的研究却十分有限。本研究重点关注南非丰戈洛河洪泛平原(PRF)两条河流中四角鲈的元素积累情况。研究计算了食用该物种对人类健康造成的非致癌和致癌风险。PRF中的累积顺序为锌>铜>铅>铬>砷>镍>汞>镉。砷和汞以及砷、铬和镍的浓度升高分别会带来非致癌和致癌风险。这些结果突出表明,四棘鲷的野生种群不仅对水生生态系统构成威胁,而且食用后还可能对人类健康造成危害。
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引用次数: 0
Photochemical Transformation of Ibuprofen and Chlorophene Induced by Dissolved Organic Matter. 溶解有机物诱导布洛芬和氯芬的光化学转化。
IF 2.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03953-3
Na Mi, Liuqing Huang, Xinhao Wang, Xueru Yu, Zhenfeng Shi, Xuan Ni, Hanyang Chen, Yong Shang, Xiufang Shen, Cheng Gu, Zhanghao Chen

Both ibuprofen (IBP) and chlorophene (CP) are frequently detected contaminants in surface aqueous environment. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component in water with high photo-reactivity, playing an important role in the transformation processes of various organic pollutants. This study systematically studied the influence of DOM on the photochemical transformation of IBP and CP by using humic acid as model DOM. In addition, the effect of inorganic salts on this process is also considered due to the high salt content in the ocean. Further quenching experiments and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) detection were also conducted to explore the reactive species acting on the IBP and CP transformation. Based on the products analysis and theoretical calculation, we proposed the IBP and CP transformation mechanism. Overall, this study provides some new insights into the transformation of organic pollutants in natural surface water, which is significant for assessing the fate of pollutants.

布洛芬(IBP)和氯酚(CP)都是地表水环境中经常检测到的污染物。溶解有机物(DOM)是水中的重要组成部分,具有很高的光活性,在各种有机污染物的转化过程中发挥着重要作用。本研究以腐植酸为模型 DOM,系统研究了 DOM 对 IBP 和 CP 光化学转化的影响。此外,由于海洋中盐分含量较高,还考虑了无机盐对这一过程的影响。此外,还进行了进一步的淬灭实验和活性氧(ROS)检测,以探索作用于 IBP 和 CP 转化的活性物种。基于产物分析和理论计算,我们提出了 IBP 和 CP 转化机理。总之,本研究为天然地表水中有机污染物的转化提供了一些新的见解,对评估污染物的归宿具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical Characterization and Assessment of Public Health Risk due to Inhalation of PM2.5 in the City of Salamanca, Guanajuato. 瓜纳华托州萨拉曼卡市吸入 PM2.5 导致的化学特征和公共健康风险评估。
IF 2.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03950-6
Israel Castro Ramírez, Diana Olivia Rocha Amador, Juan Manuel López Gutiérrez, Elizabeth Ramírez Mosqueda, Glenda Edith Cea Barcia, Francisco Daniel Ramos Patlán, Rogelio Costilla Salazar

In this study, we conducted an analysis of health risks faced by residents of Salamanca, Mexico, who were exposed to fine particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) through inhalation. The characterization and analysis of these particulate matter samples were undertaken. A total of 131 samples were collected from two different sites: 65 from the Red Cross site (RC) and 66 from the Integral Family Development site (DIF) in 2014-2015. These samples were analyzed for a set of chemical components, including metals and ions. Non-cancerous health risk levels associated with PM2.5 exposure through the human respiratory system, as per the WHO benchmark (assigned a value of 1), revealed notable risk values for two elements: Manganese (Mn) with a range of 1.19-2.12 in the adult population and 1.59-2.84 in the child population, and Nickel (Ni) with a uniform risk value of 1.39 for both evaluated population groups. However, concerns arose regarding potential non-cancerous effects as the cumulative risk levels for various assessed elements showed elevated indices. These ranged from 3.81 to 4.4 in adults and 4.48-5.24 in children. This study provided comprehensive data on composition and its potential impact on human health, offering valuable insights for the implementation of mitigation measures aimed at reducing inhalation-related exposure.

在这项研究中,我们分析了墨西哥萨拉曼卡居民因吸入直径为 2.5 μm 的细颗粒物(PM2.5)而面临的健康风险。对这些微粒物质样本进行了特征描述和分析。2014-2015 年,从两个不同地点共收集了 131 份样本:65 份来自红十字会地点(RC),66 份来自家庭综合发展地点(DIF)。对这些样本进行了一系列化学成分分析,包括金属和离子。根据世界卫生组织的基准(指定值为 1),与通过人体呼吸系统接触 PM2.5 相关的非致癌健康风险水平显示了两种元素的显著风险值:锰(Mn)在成人中的风险值为 1.19-2.12,在儿童中的风险值为 1.59-2.84;镍(Ni)在两个评估人群中的统一风险值为 1.39。然而,由于各种评估元素的累积风险水平显示出指数升高,人们对潜在的非癌症影响产生了担忧。成人的指数为 3.81 至 4.4,儿童为 4.48 至 5.24。这项研究提供了有关成分及其对人体健康潜在影响的全面数据,为实施旨在减少吸入相关接触的缓解措施提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
The Degradation and Migration of Cyclanilide in Soil and Sediment in China. 中国土壤和沉积物中环苯胺的降解和迁移。
IF 2.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03958-y
Jian He, Yezhi Dou, Li Cao, Jian Yu, Tongliang Zhang, Jia Yu, Chunqin Cui, Deyang Kong, Juying Li

The environmental fate of a plant growth regulator cyclanilide was studied in this paper. The degradation, adsorption, and migration behaviors of cyclanilide were detailly measured in the laboratory. The results showed that the DT50 of cyclanilide degradation in the Jiangxi red, Taihu paddy, Changshu wushan, Shaanxi tide, and Dongbei black soils was 42.3 d, 31.9 d, 14.4 d, 30.4 d as well as 27.4 d under aerobic conditions and 32.3 d, 37.4 d, 29.3 d, 48.9 d as well as 27.0 d under water anaerobic conditions, respectively, with the main metabolite being 2,4-dichloroaniline (2,4-D). The DT50 of 2,4-D ranged from 5.26 to 27.1 days under aerobic conditions, and from 10.6 to 54.1 days under anaerobic conditions. The adsorption of cyclanilide by the soils was well fitted by the empirical linear adsorption isotherm, and the adsorption constant (Kd, H) values in the Jiangxi red, Taihu paddy, Changshu wushan, Shaanxi tide, and Dongbei black soils were 7.08, 4.49, 4.05, 3.20, and 1.41, respectively. The results of a mobility test showed that cyclanilide had strong mobility in the most test soils. Furthermore, soil pH is the dominant element affecting the adsorption of cyclanilide in the soils. Under aerobic environment, the DT50 of total cyclanilide in river and lake water-sediment systems were 30.7 d and 34.0 d, respectively; under anaerobic environment, their DT50 were 30.8 d and 31.4 d, respectively. In water-sediment systems, 2,4-D mainly exists in aqueous phase and the DT50 ranged from 5.23 to 8.76 days. This work demonstrated that cyclanilide has the potential risk to contaminate environment and attention should be paid to its application.

本文研究了植物生长调节剂环酰苯胺的环境归宿。在实验室对环酰苯胺的降解、吸附和迁移行为进行了详细测定。结果表明,环酰苯胺在江西红壤、太湖水稻土、常熟吴山土、陕西潮土和东北黑土中的降解半衰期分别为 42.3 d、31.9 d、14.4 d、30.4 d 和 27.在有氧条件下分别为 42.3 d、31.9 d、14.4 d、30.4 d 和 27.4 d,在厌水条件下分别为 32.3 d、37.4 d、29.3 d、48.9 d 和 27.0 d,主要代谢产物为 2,4-二氯苯胺(2,4-D)。在有氧条件下,2,4-D 的半衰期从 5.26 天到 27.1 天不等;在厌氧条件下,则从 10.6 天到 54.1 天不等。土壤对环酰菌胺的吸附与经验线性吸附等温线拟合良好,江西红壤、太湖水稻土、常熟吴山土、陕西潮土和东北黑土对环酰菌胺的吸附常数(Kd、H)分别为 7.08、4.49、4.05、3.20 和 1.41。迁移率试验结果表明,环酰苯胺在大多数试验土壤中都具有很强的迁移率。此外,土壤的 pH 值是影响土壤中环苯胺吸附的主要因素。在有氧环境下,河流和湖泊水-沉积物系统中总环苯胺的半衰期分别为 30.7 d 和 34.0 d;在厌氧环境下,其半衰期分别为 30.8 d 和 31.4 d。在水-沉积物系统中,2,4-D 主要存在于水相中,DT50 为 5.23 天至 8.76 天。这项研究表明,环酰菌胺具有污染环境的潜在风险,在应用时应加以注意。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the Potential Phytotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos in the Wetland Macrophyte Bidens laevis (L.). 评估毒死蜱在湿地肥生植物 Bidens laevis (L.) 中的潜在植物毒性。
IF 2.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03957-z
Lucas R Lombardero, Daniela M Truchet, Sandra K Medici, Julieta R Mendieta, Débora J Pérez, Mirta L Menone

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been used worldwide, but its possible negative effects on macrophytes have been scarcely studied. The main goal of the present work was to assess the potential phytotoxic effects of CPF on different stages (seed and seedling) of the wetland macrophyte Bidens laevis. During the germination of seeds, stimulation of radicle growth at low concentrations of CPF (10 µg/L) and inhibition of its elongation at 80 µg/L CPF were observed. In seedlings, concentrations ≤ 160 µg/L CPF did not exhibit adverse effects on growth after 7 days of exposure, despite the decrease of photosynthetic pigments and carotenoids observed at 40 µg/L CPF compared to the control. Environmentally relevant concentrations of CPF altered neither oxidative stress biomarkers nor pigment contents in seedlings exposed for 48 h, suggesting CPF would be non-toxic to B. laevis in natural scenarios.

毒死蜱(CPF)已在全球范围内使用,但对其对大型植物可能产生的负面影响却鲜有研究。本研究的主要目的是评估毒死蜱对湿地大型藻类 Bidens laevis 不同阶段(种子和幼苗)的潜在植物毒性影响。在种子萌发过程中,低浓度氯化石蜡溶液(10 微克/升)会刺激胚根生长,而 80 微克/升氯化石蜡溶液会抑制胚根伸长。在秧苗中,浓度≤ 160 µg/L 的氯化石蜡杀虫剂在接触 7 天后并未对生长产生不利影响,尽管与对照组相比,浓度为 40 µg/L 的氯化石蜡杀虫剂会导致光合色素和类胡萝卜素减少。环境相关浓度的氯化石蜡氟既不会改变氧化应激生物标志物,也不会改变暴露 48 小时的幼苗中的色素含量,这表明氯化石蜡氟在自然环境中对小白鼠无毒。
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引用次数: 0
Short-term in situ Exposure of Guinean Tilapia and Blue Crab Near a Sawmill Wastes-impacted Coastal Ecosystem Reveal Significant Oxidative Stress Effects. 几内亚罗非鱼和蓝蟹在受锯木厂废料影响的沿海生态系统附近的短期原位暴露显示了显著的氧化应激效应。
IF 2.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03949-z
Opeyemi A Ogunkoya, Temitope O Sogbanmu, Thomas-B Seiler

Coastal ecosystems are characterized by various human activities with potential adverse impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the potential oxidative stress effects in representative aquatic biota deployed in situ at a sawmill wastes dump (test site) and reference site in a coastal ecosystem for a short term (28 days) period. PAHs and OCPs were analysed using GC-FID and GC-MS respectively in surface water and sediments. Oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde, glutathione-s-transferase, reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) were evaluated following standard methods in Coptodon guineensis (Guinean Tilapia) and Callinectes amnicola (Blue crab) over a period of 28 days. Sum PAHs in the test site sediments, oxidative stress indices in C. guineensis liver and C. amnicola haemolymph after 28 days exposure were significantly higher (p < 0.0.5) compared to the reference site. The results showed the adverse impacts to biota of sawmill wastes which are continuously burnt at the test site with potential for long-term effects. Sustainable sawmill wastes management at the test site are recommended to sustain life below water (UNSDG 14).

沿海生态系统的特点是人类的各种活动可能造成不利影响。本研究旨在评估短期(28 天)部署在沿海生态系统锯木厂废物倾倒场(试验场)和参考场原地的代表性水生生物群的潜在氧化应激效应。分别使用 GC-FID 和 GC-MS 对地表水和沉积物中的多环芳烃和 OCP 进行了分析。按照标准方法,对几内亚罗非鱼和蓝蟹的氧化应激指数(丙二醛、谷胱甘肽转移酶、还原型谷胱甘肽、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶)进行了为期 28 天的评估。暴露 28 天后,试验地点沉积物中的多环芳烃总量、几内亚罗非鱼肝脏中的氧化应激指数和蓝蟹血液中的氧化应激指数均显著升高(p<0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
A Reliable and Straightforward Combination of vortex-assisted Dispersive Magnetic solid-phase Extraction with Direct Sorbent Sampling for Highly Sensitive Silver Determination in Water Samples Using Flame and Metal Furnace AAS. 将涡旋辅助分散磁性固相萃取与直接吸附剂取样可靠而直接地结合起来,利用火焰和金属炉原子吸收光谱法高灵敏地测定水样中的银。
IF 2.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03955-1
Diego Prudencio Dos Santos, Milena do Prado Ferreira, Kristiany Moreira Diniz, Mariana Gava Segatelli, Eduardo Costa de Figueiredo, César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley

In the present paper, the assessment of vortex-assisted dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction using amino-functionalized mesoporous combined with direct magnetic sorbent sampling (DMSS) in flame or furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS or FF-AAS) was demonstrated for highly sensitive silver determination in water samples. The developed method showed significant enrichment factors compared to conventional pneumatic nebulization by FAAS, 607 for DMSS-FF-AAS and 114 for DMSS-FAAS. The analytical curve showed linearity in the range from 5.0 to 70.0 µg L- 1 and 1.0 to 15.0 µg L- 1 and limits of detection of 0.59 and 0.09 µg L- 1 for DMSS-FAAS and DMSS-FF-AAS, respectively. The intra and inter-day precision evaluated as a percentage of the relative standard deviation (RSD,%) ranged from 1.89 to 4.71% for levels of 25.0 and 65.0 µg L- 1. The method was applied in different kinds of water samples without matrix effects, yielding recovery values from 90 to 110%.

本文对火焰或熔炉原子吸收光谱法(FAAS 或 FF-AAS)中使用氨基功能化介孔结合直接磁性吸附剂取样(DMSS)的涡流辅助分散磁性固相萃取法进行了评估,以实现水样中银的高灵敏度测定。与传统的气动雾化 FAAS 方法相比,所开发的方法显示出明显的富集因子,DMSS-FF-AAS 为 607,DMSS-FAAS 为 114。分析曲线显示,DMSS-FAAS 和 DMSS-FF-AAS 的线性范围分别为 5.0 至 70.0 µg L- 1 和 1.0 至 15.0 µg L- 1,检出限分别为 0.59 和 0.09 µg L-1。对于 25.0 和 65.0 µg L- 1 的水平,日内和日间精密度的相对标准偏差(RSD,%)为 1.89% 至 4.71%。该方法适用于不同种类的水样,不受基质影响,回收率为 90% 至 110%。
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引用次数: 0
Dissipation Kinetics, Decontamination and Safety Evaluation of Quinalphos Residues in Cauliflower Curd. 菜花凝乳中喹硫磷残留物的消散动力学、净化和安全性评价
IF 2.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03954-2
Anju Padmanabhan, M Paramasivam, N Muthukrishnan, K Bhuvaneswari

A field experiment was conducted to study the persistence and reduction of quinalphos residues in cauliflower curd by applying quinalphos 25 EC twice at 250 g a.i./ha at 10 days intervals. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.05 µg/g, recovery ranged from 97 to 113%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 7%. The initial deposition of quinalphos residues in cauliflower curd was 1.72 µg/g and reached below LOQ level after 15 days of application. Dissipation of the residue followed first-order kinetics with a half-life of 2.32 days. The reduction of quinalphos residue was evaluated using various household processes. The greatest reduction (82%) was observed when washing was followed by cooking or boiling, while the smallest reduction (55.8%) was found when washing alone was performed. A waiting period of 9 days is recommended for safe consumption of cauliflower based on the FSSAI MRL value of 0.1 µg/g.

为了研究喹硫磷在花椰菜凝乳中的持久性和残留减少情况,我们进行了一项田间试验,以 250 克活性成分/公顷的剂量施用喹硫磷 25 EC 两次,每次间隔 10 天。定量限(LOQ)为 0.05 微克/克,回收率为 97% 至 113%,相对标准偏差小于 7%。喹硫磷在花椰菜凝乳中的初始残留量为 1.72 微克/克,施用 15 天后达到 LOQ 水平以下。残留物的消散遵循一阶动力学,半衰期为 2.32 天。使用各种家用工艺对喹硫磷残留量的减少进行了评估。当清洗后烹饪或煮沸时,残留量减少最多(82%),而单独清洗时残留量减少最少(55.8%)。根据 FSSAI 最高残留限量值 0.1 微克/克,建议等待 9 天后再安全食用花椰菜。
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引用次数: 0
Microplastic Contamination in Aquafeed Ingredients Used as Protein and Carbohydrate Sources. 用作蛋白质和碳水化合物来源的水产饲料成分中的微塑料污染。
IF 2.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03952-4
Mohamed Mohsen, Fashun Su, Jibin Lin, Xueshan Li, Kangle Lu, Chunxiao Zhang

The current study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of microplastics in feed ingredients commonly used as protein and carbohydrate (energy) sources to understand and mitigate microplastic contamination. Microplastics average was 1.27, 0.69, 2.85, 0.55, 0.07, and 0.17 particle g- 1 in fishmeal, soybean meal, poultry by-products, rice bran, wheat bran, and wheat flour, respectively. Notably, poultry by-products demonstrated significantly higher microplastic levels than other ingredients (p < 0.05). The dominant microplastic shape was microfibers, with prevalent sizes ranging from 500 to 1000 μm. We estimated that packaging materials are a significant source of pollution due to the high presence of polypropylene and other polymers. Top aquaculture species with the greatest microplastic exposure risk include the Catla catla, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, and Oreochromis niloticus. This research extends our knowledge of microplastic pathways, contributes to improving aquafeed quality, and provides the basis for determining the risk of microplastic exposure in aquafeed.

本研究旨在评估常用蛋白质和碳水化合物(能量)来源的饲料原料中微塑料的含量,以了解和减轻微塑料污染。鱼粉、豆粕、家禽副产品、米糠、麦麸和小麦粉中的微塑料平均含量分别为 1.27、0.69、2.85、0.55、0.07 和 0.17 微粒 g-1。值得注意的是,家禽副产品中的微塑料含量明显高于其他成分(p
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引用次数: 0
Tire Rubber Based Microplastic Particles Cause Adverse on Quality Parameters of Rainbow Trout Sperm Cells. 基于轮胎橡胶的微塑料颗粒对虹鳟鱼精子细胞的质量参数造成不利影响
IF 2.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03951-5
Mustafa Erkan Özgür, Ahmet Ulu, Selda Sezer, Süleyman Köytepe, Burhan Ateş

In the present study, we aimed to determine the parameters of oxidative stress markers, motility and kinematics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm cells exposed to different doses (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/L, in vitro 4 h) of tire rubber based microplastic particles (TRMP-Ps) the leachates procedure of rubber pieces. First of all, TRMP-Ps were prepared by abrasion method in accordance with the literature. Structural and morphological features of TRMP-Ps were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods, respectively. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis technique was used to characterize the elemental composition of TRMP-Ps. Particle size of microplastic structures was measured hydrodynamically with dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS). After exposure, the effect of TRMP-Ps was defined by the observations of kinematics and antioxidant activities in sperm cells. Our findings showed that the straight line velocity, the curvilinear velocity, the angular path velocity, and the amplitude of lateral displacement of sperm cells decreased. Moreover, while the level of superoxide dismutase decreased dose-dependently against the toxicity of TRMP-Ps, no significant change was observed in the levels of malondialdehyde and total glutathione. The 4-h median effective concentrations (EC50) of TRMP-Ps based on mobility parameters of sperm ranged from 0.31 mg/L for reduced straight line velocity of sperm cells to 0.51 mg/L for reduced amplitude of lateral displacement of the spermatozoa head. Therefore, we concluded that TRMP-Ps can be a risk for the reproduction cycle of fish in aquatic environments.

本研究旨在测定虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)精子细胞暴露于不同剂量(0.001、0.01、0.1、1.0 和 10 mg/L,体外 4 h)的轮胎橡胶微塑料颗粒(TRMP-Ps)(橡胶碎片浸出程序)后的氧化应激标记、运动和运动学参数。首先,根据文献,采用研磨法制备 TRMP-Ps。傅立叶变换红外光谱法和扫描电子显微镜法分别测定了 TRMP-Ps 的结构和形态特征。能量色散 X 射线(EDX)分析技术用于表征 TRMP-Ps 的元素组成。微塑料结构的粒度是通过动态光散射分析(DLS)进行流体力学测量的。暴露后,通过观察精子细胞的运动学和抗氧化活性来确定 TRMP-Ps 的影响。我们的研究结果表明,精子细胞的直线速度、曲线速度、角速度和横向位移幅度都有所下降。此外,虽然超氧化物歧化酶水平的下降与 TRMP-Ps 的毒性呈剂量依赖关系,但丙二醛和总谷胱甘肽的水平没有明显变化。根据精子的流动性参数,TRMP-Ps 的 4 小时有效浓度中值(EC50)为 0.31 mg/L(精子细胞直线速度降低)和 0.51 mg/L(精子头部横向位移幅度降低)。因此,我们得出结论,TRMP-Ps 会对水生环境中鱼类的繁殖周期造成危害。
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引用次数: 0
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