Rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in poor air quality, which poses a risk to human health by causing a variety of lung diseases. The precise forecast of air quality is of practical importance. Consequently, the development of an automated air pollution monitoring system based on environmental toxicology is required. Although advanced machine learning approaches can yield reasonable results in air quality prediction, they require more historical data collection. In order to address this problem, a lightweight recurrent network based on transfer learning with skip connection (LRN-SC) is proposed for air quality prediction. LRN-SC pretrains the model using data from an available station. The features that were learned from the previous station are retained, and the pre-trained model is then adjusted to fit the new one. After that, Transfer learning-based light weight recurrent network with skip connection (TL2RN-SC) is trained, and the model is tested using data from the new station. The proposed model reduces the decoding burden by adding skip contacts between the decoder and the linear forecasting layer. The simulation results show that the proposed model outperforms the existing models by attaining average RMSE and MAE of 0.974 and 2.63 respectively.
快速的工业化和城市化导致空气质量低下，引发各种肺部疾病，对人类健康构成威胁。精确预测空气质量具有重要的现实意义。因此，需要开发基于环境毒理学的空气污染自动监测系统。虽然先进的机器学习方法可以在空气质量预测方面产生合理的结果，但它们需要收集更多的历史数据。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种基于跳过连接的迁移学习的轻量级递归网络（LRN-SC），用于空气质量预测。LRN-SC 利用现有站点的数据对模型进行预训练。保留从上一个站点学习到的特征，然后调整预训练模型以适应新的站点。然后，训练基于传输学习的轻量级循环网络（TL2RN-SC），并使用新站点的数据对模型进行测试。通过在解码器和线性预测层之间增加跳接，所提出的模型减轻了解码负担。仿真结果表明，拟议模型的平均 RMSE 和 MAE 分别为 0.974 和 2.63，优于现有模型。
{"title":"An intelligent air quality monitoring system using quality indicators and Transfer learning based Lightweight recurrent network with skip connection","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.006096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.006096","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in poor air quality, which poses a risk to human health by causing a variety of lung diseases. The precise forecast of air quality is of practical importance. Consequently, the development of an automated air pollution monitoring system based on environmental toxicology is required. Although advanced machine learning approaches can yield reasonable results in air quality prediction, they require more historical data collection. In order to address this problem, a lightweight recurrent network based on transfer learning with skip connection (LRN-SC) is proposed for air quality prediction. LRN-SC pretrains the model using data from an available station. The features that were learned from the previous station are retained, and the pre-trained model is then adjusted to fit the new one. After that, Transfer learning-based light weight recurrent network with skip connection (TL2RN-SC) is trained, and the model is tested using data from the new station. The proposed model reduces the decoding burden by adding skip contacts between the decoder and the linear forecasting layer. The simulation results show that the proposed model outperforms the existing models by attaining average RMSE and MAE of 0.974 and 2.63 respectively. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"58 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India's droughts and floods, which have affected 8 million hectares yearly since the 1950s, make future adaptation and mitigation plans necessary, as well as an awareness of potential changes. In order to address the growing issues of flood and drought events in urban settings, the study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive water management strategies that ensure both routine water needs and severe event readiness. This study article recommends including drought and flood considerations in building codes and urban planning regulations to boost urban water resilience. The paper provides workable solutions for developing water-sensitive urban design, rainwater collecting, greywater reuse programs, and decentralized water management systems through a collection of case studies and strategy models. It also emphasizes the importance of teaching the population about the dangers of droughts and floods, water conservation methods, and emergency response procedures. The recommendations place a lot of emphasis on the need for a variety of policies that encourage cooperation between stakeholders, including local and state governments, business owners, community leaders, and experts. The policy recommendations include requests for green infrastructure, building standards for flood-resistant homes, water conservation requirements, and climate-responsive legislation, among other subjects. By encouraging sustainable water use behaviors, these concepts aim to increase urban resilience and make cities better prepared to mitigate the consequences of drought and flooding. These recommendations can aid local and state governments in creating a culture of preparedness for catastrophes, protecting communities, and fostering urban water resilience. This case study looks at the intricate relationships between a specific Maharashtrian river's floods, droughts, and water scarcity.
{"title":"The Maharashtra River Basin's Flood-Drought-Water Scarcity Nexus","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005346","url":null,"abstract":"India's droughts and floods, which have affected 8 million hectares yearly since the 1950s, make future adaptation and mitigation plans necessary, as well as an awareness of potential changes. In order to address the growing issues of flood and drought events in urban settings, the study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive water management strategies that ensure both routine water needs and severe event readiness. This study article recommends including drought and flood considerations in building codes and urban planning regulations to boost urban water resilience. The paper provides workable solutions for developing water-sensitive urban design, rainwater collecting, greywater reuse programs, and decentralized water management systems through a collection of case studies and strategy models. It also emphasizes the importance of teaching the population about the dangers of droughts and floods, water conservation methods, and emergency response procedures. The recommendations place a lot of emphasis on the need for a variety of policies that encourage cooperation between stakeholders, including local and state governments, business owners, community leaders, and experts. The policy recommendations include requests for green infrastructure, building standards for flood-resistant homes, water conservation requirements, and climate-responsive legislation, among other subjects. By encouraging sustainable water use behaviors, these concepts aim to increase urban resilience and make cities better prepared to mitigate the consequences of drought and flooding. These recommendations can aid local and state governments in creating a culture of preparedness for catastrophes, protecting communities, and fostering urban water resilience. This case study looks at the intricate relationships between a specific Maharashtrian river's floods, droughts, and water scarcity. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"108 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The forward osmosis process is currently more studied to be a replacement for another consuming-energy process, for this, many works show up the rejection of different molecules, energy consumption, and modeling of different objectives related to FO process. Our study consists to model the rejection of organic molecules (neutral and ionic) by FO process; however, this paper is the simultaneous applications of the single neural network based on quantitative- structure properties relationship (QSPR-SNN) and the bootstrap aggregated neural network (BANN) to predict the rejection of 53 OM. According to the results obtained, the coefficient correlation "R" is used to evaluate the performance of each model for the unseen data, the QSPR-BANN gives R value equal to 0.9909 higher than the value of the SNN which is 0.9401, the Root Mean Square Error of the QSPR-BANN is less than that of the QSPR-SNN with values equal to 0.5764% and 1.2826% respectively.
{"title":"The modeling of the Organic Molecules Rejection using the Bootstrap Aggregated Neural Networks for the evaluation of the Forward Osmosis Process performance","authors":"Fouad Kratbi, Y. Ammi, S. Hanini","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005404","url":null,"abstract":"The forward osmosis process is currently more studied to be a replacement for another consuming-energy process, for this, many works show up the rejection of different molecules, energy consumption, and modeling of different objectives related to FO process. Our study consists to model the rejection of organic molecules (neutral and ionic) by FO process; however, this paper is the simultaneous applications of the single neural network based on quantitative- structure properties relationship (QSPR-SNN) and the bootstrap aggregated neural network (BANN) to predict the rejection of 53 OM. According to the results obtained, the coefficient correlation \"R\" is used to evaluate the performance of each model for the unseen data, the QSPR-BANN gives R value equal to 0.9909 higher than the value of the SNN which is 0.9401, the Root Mean Square Error of the QSPR-BANN is less than that of the QSPR-SNN with values equal to 0.5764% and 1.2826% respectively. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141000962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santhana Iyyappa, Sundararaj, Dr. Chandramathy, Dr Chandramohan, Ar.Santhana, Iyyappa Sundararaj
Climate change has serious implications foron the rise and variation of the average earth’s temperature, and intensified rainfall. In urban areas, temperatures and intensified rainfall variation are noticeably seenin the city which disrupts the normal life of a living things. Also, it affects the storage of rainfall runoff water in tanks and lakes. Green cover reduction due to the increase ofagriculture, industrialization, population explosion and urbanization have a direct impact on the climate pattern.The average temperature of a city is increasing in every decade due to a drastic reduction in the green cover.This is visible today from the abnormal melting of glaciers. The rainfall pattern is highly intensified, and the frequency of rainfall is on the a decreasing trend. This intensified rainfall creates high surface runoff during rainfall and disrupts the normal life in a city. The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) for a city indicates a noticeable shift in its climatic pattern, particularly with consistent rainfall during the southwest monsoon. Over the span of four decades, LULC research has revealed an increase in residential areas and a decrease in green cover. This urbanization process is associated with changes in LULC, resulting in decreased vegetation and diminished storage water bodies.Variations in the temperature of a city are on an increasing trend. Urban forestry or the dense green coverof an area reduces the temperature and creates cool pockets in the city. The regression model for temperature and vegetation indicates the negative correlation of temperature with high vegetation growth. Keywords: Urbanization, Climate change, Rainfall-runoff, Temperature, Green Cover
{"title":"Urbanizational impact on climatic variables and geographical analysis of physical land use land cover variation of a city using Remote Sensing.","authors":"Santhana Iyyappa, Sundararaj, Dr. Chandramathy, Dr Chandramohan, Ar.Santhana, Iyyappa Sundararaj","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005920","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has serious implications foron the rise and variation of the average earth’s temperature, and intensified rainfall. In urban areas, temperatures and intensified rainfall variation are noticeably seenin the city which disrupts the normal life of a living things. Also, it affects the storage of rainfall runoff water in tanks and lakes. Green cover reduction due to the increase ofagriculture, industrialization, population explosion and urbanization have a direct impact on the climate pattern.The average temperature of a city is increasing in every decade due to a drastic reduction in the green cover.This is visible today from the abnormal melting of glaciers. The rainfall pattern is highly intensified, and the frequency of rainfall is on the a decreasing trend. This intensified rainfall creates high surface runoff during rainfall and disrupts the normal life in a city. The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) for a city indicates a noticeable shift in its climatic pattern, particularly with consistent rainfall during the southwest monsoon. Over the span of four decades, LULC research has revealed an increase in residential areas and a decrease in green cover. This urbanization process is associated with changes in LULC, resulting in decreased vegetation and diminished storage water bodies.Variations in the temperature of a city are on an increasing trend. Urban forestry or the dense green coverof an area reduces the temperature and creates cool pockets in the city. The regression model for temperature and vegetation indicates the negative correlation of temperature with high vegetation growth. Keywords: Urbanization, Climate change, Rainfall-runoff, Temperature, Green Cover \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Discrete studies are performed on the reuse of end-of-life tires in the construction industry as their accumulation is a global concern to the environment. In consequence, the desired focus of this work is to understand the interaction of powder derived from recycling process of tire waste which yet to be ascertained. The powder yielded through pyrolysis treatment of tire waste is carbon rich and nano in size. On the other hand, Silica Fume (SF) as a micro material is greatly utilized as cement replacement to reduce the environment impact. Therefore, the compressive strength and microstructure properties of cement paste is investigated by incorporating Nano-Carbon Pyrolytic char (NCP) (0.5% & 1%) and SF (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10%) as an additive and filler, respectively, to the weight of cement. The compressive strength of cement paste is ascertained after 1, 3, 7, 14, & 28 days by employing 50mm3 cube specimen; and the durability properties such as sorptivity, rapid chloride permeability test, and acid test on the samples were examined. Further, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis is performed to determine the microstructural properties. Finite element analysis used to model the cubes to validate the experimental findings with analytical results. From the results, the individual addition NCP char (0.5% & 1%) in cement paste reduced the compressive strength of the matrix. Further, the effectiveness of SF directly influences the strength property and separates the agglomerates of NCP char in cement paste. The cement paste incorporated with 1% of NCP char as Nano and 10% SF as micro blends improved the compressive strength by 18.56%. Furthermore, the Nano/micro blends in cement paste reacts with Ca(OH)2 to produce dense C-S-H formation due to their reinforcing capability resulting in better durability properties. Finite element analysis exhibit less than 10% of error compared to experimental values. Eventually, the influence of NCP char results in the development of new sustainable nano composites.
{"title":"Enhancing the Interface of Cement-paste Composite by Dispersing Sustainable Nano-Carbon Pyrolytic Char with Silica fume: A Sustainable and Effective approach","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005662","url":null,"abstract":"Discrete studies are performed on the reuse of end-of-life tires in the construction industry as their accumulation is a global concern to the environment. In consequence, the desired focus of this work is to understand the interaction of powder derived from recycling process of tire waste which yet to be ascertained. The powder yielded through pyrolysis treatment of tire waste is carbon rich and nano in size. On the other hand, Silica Fume (SF) as a micro material is greatly utilized as cement replacement to reduce the environment impact. Therefore, the compressive strength and microstructure properties of cement paste is investigated by incorporating Nano-Carbon Pyrolytic char (NCP) (0.5% & 1%) and SF (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10%) as an additive and filler, respectively, to the weight of cement. The compressive strength of cement paste is ascertained after 1, 3, 7, 14, & 28 days by employing 50mm3 cube specimen; and the durability properties such as sorptivity, rapid chloride permeability test, and acid test on the samples were examined. Further, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis is performed to determine the microstructural properties. Finite element analysis used to model the cubes to validate the experimental findings with analytical results. From the results, the individual addition NCP char (0.5% & 1%) in cement paste reduced the compressive strength of the matrix. Further, the effectiveness of SF directly influences the strength property and separates the agglomerates of NCP char in cement paste. The cement paste incorporated with 1% of NCP char as Nano and 10% SF as micro blends improved the compressive strength by 18.56%. Furthermore, the Nano/micro blends in cement paste reacts with Ca(OH)2 to produce dense C-S-H formation due to their reinforcing capability resulting in better durability properties. Finite element analysis exhibit less than 10% of error compared to experimental values. Eventually, the influence of NCP char results in the development of new sustainable nano composites. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140366615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severe climate problems have forced the Chinese government to put forward the goal of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality". The transport sector is a key area for carbon reduction. Based on this background, this paper constructs the Super-SBM model and the Malmquist-Luenberger index model containing the undesirable output. This paper measures the carbon emission efficiency of transport industry in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt from static and dynamic perspectives during 2014-2020. Finally, the GTWR model is constructed to analyze the factors affecting carbon emission efficiency. The results show that: (1) the carbon emission efficiency of provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is characterized by heterogeneity. Hubei was the highest, while Shanghai, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan were below average. (2) According to the Malmquist-Luenberger index analysis, the transportation carbon emission efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has a downward trend. Over the 2014-2020 period, carbon efficiency will decline by an average of 7% per year. (3) Energy consumption structure, industrial upgrading, economic development and population agglomeration have significant effects on carbon emission efficiency.
{"title":"Research on carbon emission efficiency and spatial-temporal factors in the transportation industry: Evidence from the Yangtze River Economic Belt","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005638","url":null,"abstract":"Severe climate problems have forced the Chinese government to put forward the goal of \"carbon peak\" and \"carbon neutrality\". The transport sector is a key area for carbon reduction. Based on this background, this paper constructs the Super-SBM model and the Malmquist-Luenberger index model containing the undesirable output. This paper measures the carbon emission efficiency of transport industry in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt from static and dynamic perspectives during 2014-2020. Finally, the GTWR model is constructed to analyze the factors affecting carbon emission efficiency. The results show that: (1) the carbon emission efficiency of provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is characterized by heterogeneity. Hubei was the highest, while Shanghai, Hunan, Sichuan and Yunnan were below average. (2) According to the Malmquist-Luenberger index analysis, the transportation carbon emission efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has a downward trend. Over the 2014-2020 period, carbon efficiency will decline by an average of 7% per year. (3) Energy consumption structure, industrial upgrading, economic development and population agglomeration have significant effects on carbon emission efficiency. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140365486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biowalls are a new phenomenon in interior urban areas, which has proven to contribute positively to sensory comfort. But people use biowalls in different dimensions. Based on field facts, determining the biowall dimensions for human sensory comfort has not emphasized clear principles. The research aims to obtain the effective area of a biowall inducing sensory comfort comprehensively and simultaneously in tropical landed dwellings. Therefore, this study used the experimental method to extract the effective areas of the biowall to generate thermal, audial, visual, and respiratory comfort. The analysis was mathematically conducted through polynomial quadratic equations and directly or inversely proportional to the overall value regarding a generalization attempt. The variables measured included temperature, humidity, surface temperature, reverberation time, noise reduction, illuminance, luminance, and colour mapping, as well as levels of CO2, TVOC, HCHO, and PM2.5. The result showed that biowall effective area inducing thermal, audial, visual, and respiratory comfort for a (3000 x 3000 x 2500) mm3 room was 2.5 modules or 12.5 m2 leaf area. This value was able to provide an increase in the sensory comfort level for the thermal, audial, visual, and respiratory variables by 59.22 %, 76.64 %, 32.35 %, and 98.88 %, respectively.
生物墙是城市内部地区的一种新现象，已被证明对感官舒适度有积极的促进作用。但人们使用生物墙的尺寸各不相同。根据实际情况，确定生物墙尺寸以满足人的感官舒适度并没有强调明确的原则。本研究旨在全面、同步地获取生物墙在热带落地住宅中诱导感官舒适的有效面积。因此，本研究采用实验方法提取生物墙的有效面积，以产生热舒适、听觉舒适、视觉舒适和呼吸舒适。分析通过多项式二次方程进行数学计算，并与总体值成正比或成反比，尝试进行归纳总结。测量的变量包括温度、湿度、表面温度、混响时间、降噪、照度、亮度和色彩映射，以及 CO2、TVOC、HCHO 和 PM2.5 的水平。研究结果表明，在一个（3000 x 3000 x 2500）立方毫米的房间中，生物墙的有效面积为 2.5 个模块或 12.5 平方米的叶面积，可带来热、听觉、视觉和呼吸舒适度。这一数值能够将热舒适度、听觉舒适度、视觉舒适度和呼吸舒适度分别提高 59.22%、76.64%、32.35% 和 98.88%。
{"title":"Determination of the Biowall Effective Area to Induce Holistic Sensory Comfort","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005679","url":null,"abstract":"Biowalls are a new phenomenon in interior urban areas, which has proven to contribute positively to sensory comfort. But people use biowalls in different dimensions. Based on field facts, determining the biowall dimensions for human sensory comfort has not emphasized clear principles. The research aims to obtain the effective area of a biowall inducing sensory comfort comprehensively and simultaneously in tropical landed dwellings. Therefore, this study used the experimental method to extract the effective areas of the biowall to generate thermal, audial, visual, and respiratory comfort. The analysis was mathematically conducted through polynomial quadratic equations and directly or inversely proportional to the overall value regarding a generalization attempt. The variables measured included temperature, humidity, surface temperature, reverberation time, noise reduction, illuminance, luminance, and colour mapping, as well as levels of CO2, TVOC, HCHO, and PM2.5. The result showed that biowall effective area inducing thermal, audial, visual, and respiratory comfort for a (3000 x 3000 x 2500) mm3 room was 2.5 modules or 12.5 m2 leaf area. This value was able to provide an increase in the sensory comfort level for the thermal, audial, visual, and respiratory variables by 59.22 %, 76.64 %, 32.35 %, and 98.88 %, respectively. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"66 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous industrial processes, including petroleum refining, food production, car washes, leather manufacturing, and slaughter houses, generate significant volumes of wastewater due to their substantial water consumption during processing. The presence of oily wastewater has detrimental effects on surface and ground water resources, Human health and aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to integrate dissolved air flotation (DAF) and moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) for the treatment of oily wastewater. For this reason, a synthetic oily wastewater was prepared by utilizing commercially available powdered starch as an organic source, along with diesel oil and a finely ground soil. In addition, the experiments were designed and analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). DAF reactor factors were flotation time and air flow rate. While the MBBR reactor variables were mixing time and hydraulic retention time (HRT). The responses were chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and grease(O&G), ammonia (NH3-N) and total suspended solids (TSS). Optimum results obtained by RSM for the DAF were 10 min for the flotation time and air flow rate of 72 L/min. in addition, HRT for both MBBRs was 23.5 hr and mixing time of 13 min and 23 min for MBBR1 and MBBR2 respectively.
{"title":"Combining Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) and Modified Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MMBBR) for Synthetic Oily Wastewater Treatment","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005451","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous industrial processes, including petroleum refining, food production, car washes, leather manufacturing, and slaughter houses, generate significant volumes of wastewater due to their substantial water consumption during processing. The presence of oily wastewater has detrimental effects on surface and ground water resources, Human health and aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to integrate dissolved air flotation (DAF) and moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) for the treatment of oily wastewater. For this reason, a synthetic oily wastewater was prepared by utilizing commercially available powdered starch as an organic source, along with diesel oil and a finely ground soil. In addition, the experiments were designed and analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). DAF reactor factors were flotation time and air flow rate. While the MBBR reactor variables were mixing time and hydraulic retention time (HRT). The responses were chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and grease(O&G), ammonia (NH3-N) and total suspended solids (TSS). Optimum results obtained by RSM for the DAF were 10 min for the flotation time and air flow rate of 72 L/min. in addition, HRT for both MBBRs was 23.5 hr and mixing time of 13 min and 23 min for MBBR1 and MBBR2 respectively. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of soil hydraulic conductivity is to retain soil water contents, and soil water pressure. In this study investigates two different methods to understand the soil hydraulic conductivity of loam and clay soils. The present research conducted a laboratory experiment to measure the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) using two different methods: the constant head and falling head methods. The constant head method utilized a soil column with a length of 8.5 cm, and three soil columns were occupied with various soil texture classes (%). The study results demonstrate that the classification of soil texture was predominantly sandy loam with porosity varying between 35%, 43%, and 50% within the clay soil category. Furthermore, the average value of Ksat for the soil samples using the constant head method was 0.00142 cm/sec, while the falling head method provides average values of 0.00123, 0.00172, and 0.00144 for sandy loam and 0.0000146 cm/sec for clay soil. It is concluded that the falling head method indicates greater accuracy, particularly evident in the concurrent analysis of three samples. This study suggested that determination of Ksat through laboratory method is suitable due to cost effectiveness and simplicity.
{"title":"Assessment of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity with Using Soil Particle Size Distribution: A Comparative Study of Constant Head and Falling Head Methods","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005833","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of soil hydraulic conductivity is to retain soil water contents, and soil water pressure. In this study investigates two different methods to understand the soil hydraulic conductivity of loam and clay soils. The present research conducted a laboratory experiment to measure the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) using two different methods: the constant head and falling head methods. The constant head method utilized a soil column with a length of 8.5 cm, and three soil columns were occupied with various soil texture classes (%). The study results demonstrate that the classification of soil texture was predominantly sandy loam with porosity varying between 35%, 43%, and 50% within the clay soil category. Furthermore, the average value of Ksat for the soil samples using the constant head method was 0.00142 cm/sec, while the falling head method provides average values of 0.00123, 0.00172, and 0.00144 for sandy loam and 0.0000146 cm/sec for clay soil. It is concluded that the falling head method indicates greater accuracy, particularly evident in the concurrent analysis of three samples. This study suggested that determination of Ksat through laboratory method is suitable due to cost effectiveness and simplicity. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"73 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change is an indicator of changes happening in the biosphere. Monitoring it, will anticipating actions against the resulting disasters. This study, undertaken in Burkina Faso Nouaho sub basin, gives an overview of rainfall in the near, medium and long terms. It is built on regional climates models which are climates projections from global climate models downscaling. These models are generated basis on scenarios like greenhouse gas emissions and radiative forcing called Regional Concentration Pathways (RCP). The two scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 chosen in this study, have enabled to identify a rainfall regional climate model whose output corrected basis on Nouhao sub-basin observation data, highlight changes in sub-basin future precipitation. Over the three defined normal, i.e. normal 1 (2021-2050), normal 2 (2051-2080) and normal 3 (2071-2100), cumulative annual rainfall mean shows a downward trend under the RCP 4.5 scenario, and an upward trend under the RCP 8.5 scenario. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the RCP 4.5 scenario shows very wet years at the start of normal 1, before giving way to alternating years close to normal rainfall, in normal 2 and 3. In the RCP 8.5 scenario, the SPI shows a dominance of dry years in normal 1. In normal 2 and 3, wet and very wet years return to dominate. The spatial dynamics of future rainfall, meanwhile, show a latitudinal shift in annual rainfall totals towards the south-east of the sub-basin under the RCP 4.5 scenario, and towards the north-west under the RCP 8.5 scenario. The climate projection thus highlights possible future changes in precipitation in the sub-basin. Its consideration could form the basis for the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies in the area.
{"title":"Climate projection and future rainfall trends analysis in the Nouhao sub-basin in Burkina Faso.","authors":"Noba Wendkuni, Ghislain, Damiba Lucien, Doumounia Ali, Zongo Inoussa, Zougmoré François","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005724","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is an indicator of changes happening in the biosphere. Monitoring it, will anticipating actions against the resulting disasters. This study, undertaken in Burkina Faso Nouaho sub basin, gives an overview of rainfall in the near, medium and long terms. It is built on regional climates models which are climates projections from global climate models downscaling. These models are generated basis on scenarios like greenhouse gas emissions and radiative forcing called Regional Concentration Pathways (RCP). The two scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 chosen in this study, have enabled to identify a rainfall regional climate model whose output corrected basis on Nouhao sub-basin observation data, highlight changes in sub-basin future precipitation. Over the three defined normal, i.e. normal 1 (2021-2050), normal 2 (2051-2080) and normal 3 (2071-2100), cumulative annual rainfall mean shows a downward trend under the RCP 4.5 scenario, and an upward trend under the RCP 8.5 scenario. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for the RCP 4.5 scenario shows very wet years at the start of normal 1, before giving way to alternating years close to normal rainfall, in normal 2 and 3. In the RCP 8.5 scenario, the SPI shows a dominance of dry years in normal 1. In normal 2 and 3, wet and very wet years return to dominate. The spatial dynamics of future rainfall, meanwhile, show a latitudinal shift in annual rainfall totals towards the south-east of the sub-basin under the RCP 4.5 scenario, and towards the north-west under the RCP 8.5 scenario. The climate projection thus highlights possible future changes in precipitation in the sub-basin. Its consideration could form the basis for the implementation of climate change adaptation strategies in the area. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"188 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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