Most of the tungsten tailings (TTs) are filled in the open. As a result, the phenomenon that acid rain influences the engineering geological characteristics of tungsten tailings is impossible to avoid, especially in southern China, where acid rain occurs frequently. This work studied the permeability properties of TTs treated with different acid solutions. The HCl, H2SO4, and H3PO4 solutions were prepared as the permeate fluids with pH values of 7, 5, 4, and 3. The falling head permeability test studied the TTs’ permeability characteristics under different acid solutions action. The microscopic mechanism of the movement of the acid solutions and TTs was analyzed based on X-ray diffraction results and nuclear magnetic resonance. The experimental results show that the permeability coefficient of TTs decreases first and then increases with the pH value of HCl and H2SO4 solutions and first increases and then decreases and then increases with the pH value of H3PO4 solutions. When the pH value >3, the effect of acid on the permeability coefficient is satisfied with HCl >H2SO4> H3PO4; otherwise, it is satisfied with H2SO4> H3PO4> HCl. The development law of T2 spectrum distribution is consistent with the permeability coefficient of TTs treated with the same acid solution. The acid solutions react with chlorite and calcite in the tailings, which affects the permeability of TTs treated by the acid solution. Therefore, preventing the infiltration of acid solutions from entering the tailings is conducive to improving the stability of tungsten tailings dams.
{"title":"Permeability characteristics and mechanism of tungsten tailings treated by the acid solutions","authors":"Shanmei Li, Bingxiang Lin, Weiyi Huang, Qixiang Wang, Youlin Zhang","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005135","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the tungsten tailings (TTs) are filled in the open. As a result, the phenomenon that acid rain influences the engineering geological characteristics of tungsten tailings is impossible to avoid, especially in southern China, where acid rain occurs frequently. This work studied the permeability properties of TTs treated with different acid solutions. The HCl, H2SO4, and H3PO4 solutions were prepared as the permeate fluids with pH values of 7, 5, 4, and 3. The falling head permeability test studied the TTs’ permeability characteristics under different acid solutions action. The microscopic mechanism of the movement of the acid solutions and TTs was analyzed based on X-ray diffraction results and nuclear magnetic resonance. The experimental results show that the permeability coefficient of TTs decreases first and then increases with the pH value of HCl and H2SO4 solutions and first increases and then decreases and then increases with the pH value of H3PO4 solutions. When the pH value >3, the effect of acid on the permeability coefficient is satisfied with HCl >H2SO4> H3PO4; otherwise, it is satisfied with H2SO4> H3PO4> HCl. The development law of T2 spectrum distribution is consistent with the permeability coefficient of TTs treated with the same acid solution. The acid solutions react with chlorite and calcite in the tailings, which affects the permeability of TTs treated by the acid solution. Therefore, preventing the infiltration of acid solutions from entering the tailings is conducive to improving the stability of tungsten tailings dams. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"117 5‐6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy is essential but associated with global greenhouse emissions. Therefore, clean and renewable energy is important for future development. To meet this demand, kapok oil methyl ester (KOME) was made from the kapok raw oil through the transesterification method. KOME was then combined with diesel in the ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% (v/v%) to form KOME10, KOME20, and KOME30 mixtures. The combustion and emissions outcomes of KOME blends were studied at a stationary DI engine under different loads and modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) mode at 400 bar injection pressure, partial load, and CR of 19:1, 20:1, and 21:1. The combustion analysis of blends like maximum pressure (Pmax) and net heat release rate (HRRmax) were observe lesser than diesel at stationary mode, whereas they increased by 13–15% and 16–32% in CRDI mode, respectively. Exhaust from engine such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and smoke were decreased, but nitric oxide increased about 0.7–1.5% and 1.3–8% for stationary and CRDI modes, respectively, as compared to diesel. This concludes that KOME might be a suitable substitute to diesel fuel for non-road DI engine applications.
能源不可或缺，但与全球温室气体排放有关。因此，清洁和可再生能源对未来发展非常重要。为了满足这一需求，我们采用酯交换法从木棉花原油中提取木棉油甲酯（KOME）。然后将 KOME 与柴油按 10%、20% 和 30% 的比例（v/v%）混合，形成 KOME10、KOME20 和 KOME30 混合物。在 400 巴喷射压力、部分负荷和 19:1、20:1 和 21:1 的压缩比下，研究了 KOME 混合物在不同负荷和改良共轨直喷（CRDI）模式下固定式直喷发动机的燃烧和排放结果。混合燃料的燃烧分析结果表明，在固定模式下，最大压力（Pmax）和净热释放率（HRRmax）低于柴油，而在 CRDI 模式下，它们分别增加了 13-15% 和 16-32%。与柴油相比，发动机排出的废气，如二氧化碳、碳氢化合物和烟雾有所减少，但一氧化氮在静止模式和CRDI模式下分别增加了0.7%-1.5%和1.3%-8%。因此，在非道路 DI 发动机的应用中，KOME 可能是一种合适的柴油替代品。
{"title":"Biodiesel Blends for Eco-Friendly CRDI-VCR Engines: Enhancing Exhaust Emissions and Engine Performance to Minimize Pollutant Emissions","authors":"Anbarasan Baluchamy, C. SakthiRajan","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005777","url":null,"abstract":"Energy is essential but associated with global greenhouse emissions. Therefore, clean and renewable energy is important for future development. To meet this demand, kapok oil methyl ester (KOME) was made from the kapok raw oil through the transesterification method. KOME was then combined with diesel in the ratios of 10%, 20%, and 30% (v/v%) to form KOME10, KOME20, and KOME30 mixtures. The combustion and emissions outcomes of KOME blends were studied at a stationary DI engine under different loads and modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) mode at 400 bar injection pressure, partial load, and CR of 19:1, 20:1, and 21:1. The combustion analysis of blends like maximum pressure (Pmax) and net heat release rate (HRRmax) were observe lesser than diesel at stationary mode, whereas they increased by 13–15% and 16–32% in CRDI mode, respectively. Exhaust from engine such as carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, and smoke were decreased, but nitric oxide increased about 0.7–1.5% and 1.3–8% for stationary and CRDI modes, respectively, as compared to diesel. This concludes that KOME might be a suitable substitute to diesel fuel for non-road DI engine applications. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"24 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140430000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naseem Akhtar, H. M. Flafel, Ali Ezhani, Algadah Abdussalam Giuma, Asri Febriana, Dani Wijaya Mohd, Talha Anees, Raed Sameeh, Raja Hussain, Salman Ahmed, Abduanaser A Ali Ezhani, M. T. Anees
Groundwater is a vital resource for human consumption. The study aimed to evaluate toxic metal concentrations in groundwater systems and determine pollutant sources using multivariate methods including cluster analysis (CA), principal factor analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO 2017) and Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS 2012) standards, indicating that Al concentration observed within prescribed values and other Cd, As, Zn, Pb, and Cu were less than the acceptable values, as well as the rest of Fe, Mn, and Ni levels in groundwater were mostly within acceptable values. The PCA results showed three factors (F1, F2, and F3) were responsible for the data structure, which was specified as 37.954%, 23.331%, and 16.132%, as well as total variance of dataset associated with 77.416%, respectively. Factor 1 showed strong positive loading (Cu, Pb, Zn), 2 (Al, Mn), and 3 (As, Ni), which demonstrated the contaminants source from natural and agricultural activities. Moreover, CA results revealed three clusters indicating low to high water pollution due to rock weathering and anthropogenic activities. Overall, results showed that 50% of groundwater samples were acceptable for potable and agricultural uses. Therefore, groundwater treatment is necessary before any use.
{"title":"Evaluation of Toxic Heavy Metal Concentration in Aquifer System for Groundwater System Development Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques","authors":"Naseem Akhtar, H. M. Flafel, Ali Ezhani, Algadah Abdussalam Giuma, Asri Febriana, Dani Wijaya Mohd, Talha Anees, Raed Sameeh, Raja Hussain, Salman Ahmed, Abduanaser A Ali Ezhani, M. T. Anees","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005788","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is a vital resource for human consumption. The study aimed to evaluate toxic metal concentrations in groundwater systems and determine pollutant sources using multivariate methods including cluster analysis (CA), principal factor analysis (PCA), and Pearson correlation coefficient (r). The results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO 2017) and Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS 2012) standards, indicating that Al concentration observed within prescribed values and other Cd, As, Zn, Pb, and Cu were less than the acceptable values, as well as the rest of Fe, Mn, and Ni levels in groundwater were mostly within acceptable values. The PCA results showed three factors (F1, F2, and F3) were responsible for the data structure, which was specified as 37.954%, 23.331%, and 16.132%, as well as total variance of dataset associated with 77.416%, respectively. Factor 1 showed strong positive loading (Cu, Pb, Zn), 2 (Al, Mn), and 3 (As, Ni), which demonstrated the contaminants source from natural and agricultural activities. Moreover, CA results revealed three clusters indicating low to high water pollution due to rock weathering and anthropogenic activities. Overall, results showed that 50% of groundwater samples were acceptable for potable and agricultural uses. Therefore, groundwater treatment is necessary before any use. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140433039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Landfill facilities and organic waste treatment plants typically are known sources of odour pollution, such as gaseous NH3, among others. In this work, the removal of gaseous NH3 released from a composting line of a mechanical and biological treatment plant of undifferentiated municipal solid waste was assessed in a fixed-bed column loaded with carbon-based adsorbents (CBAs) prepared from olive stone and malt bagasse as carbon precursors. CBAs were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) assisted by H2SO4 and pyrolysis, resulting in materials with different physical and chemical properties. The hydrochar derived from olive stone by H2SO4-assisted HTC was found as the best adsorbent for NH3 removal (10.4 mg g-1). This result was ascribed to the high acid character of the adsorbent (2.34 mmol g-1), since it was found that acidity contributed significantly more than the specific surface of the adsorbents for the removal of NH3 (BET surface of 4 m2 g-1 was obtained for the CBA with the highest uptake capacity, whereas other adsorbents reach values of 172 m2 g-1 and NH3 uptake capacities of 0.07 mg g-1). The NH3-saturated hydrochar was regenerated by washing with water and subsequently reused in the adsorption of NH3, with a performance more than 70% compared to its first use.
{"title":"Removal of gaseous ammonia released from leachate by adsorption on carbon-based adsorbents prepared from agro-industrial wastes","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.004862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.004862","url":null,"abstract":"Landfill facilities and organic waste treatment plants typically are known sources of odour pollution, such as gaseous NH3, among others. In this work, the removal of gaseous NH3 released from a composting line of a mechanical and biological treatment plant of undifferentiated municipal solid waste was assessed in a fixed-bed column loaded with carbon-based adsorbents (CBAs) prepared from olive stone and malt bagasse as carbon precursors. CBAs were prepared by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) assisted by H2SO4 and pyrolysis, resulting in materials with different physical and chemical properties. The hydrochar derived from olive stone by H2SO4-assisted HTC was found as the best adsorbent for NH3 removal (10.4 mg g-1). This result was ascribed to the high acid character of the adsorbent (2.34 mmol g-1), since it was found that acidity contributed significantly more than the specific surface of the adsorbents for the removal of NH3 (BET surface of 4 m2 g-1 was obtained for the CBA with the highest uptake capacity, whereas other adsorbents reach values of 172 m2 g-1 and NH3 uptake capacities of 0.07 mg g-1). The NH3-saturated hydrochar was regenerated by washing with water and subsequently reused in the adsorption of NH3, with a performance more than 70% compared to its first use. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"41 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140432591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Concrete, being the construction material that is extensively employed, possesses various limitations despite its adaptability in building projects. It exhibits weakness when subjected to tension, has restricted ductility, and offers minimal resistance against cracking. Concrete is widely used in construction due to its high strength. The aim of this study is to conduct experimental research on the utilization of PET fibre as a construction material in concrete, which is technically sound and environmentally safe. The use of PET fibre in various engineering applications can solve the problem of disposal of plastic waste. PET fibre can be used in concrete to improve its ductile parameters. PET wires of 50 mm in length and 3 mm in width are used in this work. The tests conducted on M30 grade concrete included assessments of its strength in compression, strength in split tensile, strength in flexure, and resistance to impact. The percentages of addition were 0 %, 0.25 % and 0.5 % density of fibre. The impact properties of PET fibre concrete were studied. Test results showed that there is improvement in compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and a significant increase in impact resistance of concrete after the addition of PET fibres.
混凝土作为一种广泛使用的建筑材料，尽管在建筑项目中具有很强的适应性，但也存在各种局限性。它在受到拉力时表现出软弱无力，延展性受到限制，抗裂性极差。混凝土因其强度高而被广泛应用于建筑领域。本研究的目的是对 PET 纤维作为建筑材料在混凝土中的应用进行实验研究，这种材料既符合技术要求，又对环境无害。在各种工程应用中使用 PET 纤维可以解决塑料垃圾的处理问题。在混凝土中使用 PET 纤维可以改善混凝土的延性参数。本研究使用了长度为 50 毫米、宽度为 3 毫米的 PET 纤维丝。对 M30 级混凝土进行的测试包括评估其压缩强度、劈裂拉伸强度、弯曲强度和抗冲击性。纤维的添加比例分别为 0%、0.25% 和 0.5%。研究了 PET 纤维混凝土的冲击性能。试验结果表明，添加 PET 纤维后，混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂拉伸强度和抗折强度都有所提高，抗冲击性也显著增强。
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Effect of Waste PET fibres on the Impact Behaviour of PET Fibre Reinforced Concrete","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005202","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete, being the construction material that is extensively employed, possesses various limitations despite its adaptability in building projects. It exhibits weakness when subjected to tension, has restricted ductility, and offers minimal resistance against cracking. Concrete is widely used in construction due to its high strength. The aim of this study is to conduct experimental research on the utilization of PET fibre as a construction material in concrete, which is technically sound and environmentally safe. The use of PET fibre in various engineering applications can solve the problem of disposal of plastic waste. PET fibre can be used in concrete to improve its ductile parameters. PET wires of 50 mm in length and 3 mm in width are used in this work. The tests conducted on M30 grade concrete included assessments of its strength in compression, strength in split tensile, strength in flexure, and resistance to impact. The percentages of addition were 0 %, 0.25 % and 0.5 % density of fibre. The impact properties of PET fibre concrete were studied. Test results showed that there is improvement in compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and a significant increase in impact resistance of concrete after the addition of PET fibres. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"25 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Population growth, industrialization and technological advances have significantly increased waste production, waste collection, transportation and disposal induced significant costs. Waste could be considered a resource that allows nations to reduce the consumption of primary raw materials, protect natural resources and improve economic revenues by reducing environmental pressures. Zero waste approach for sustainable waste management has been approved and implemented globally. The present study aimed to investigate the basic zero-waste management in Turkey. Thus a scale that included eight items was developed and validity and reliability of the scale were analyzed. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) was initially applied. Then, the fitness of the model was tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cronbach's α (internal consistency coefficient) was calculated as 0.778. Chi-square test, RMSEA, GFI and CFI fit indices were employed in the first-order confirmatory factor analysis conducted on the whole sample. Chi-square was calculated as 1.310 in confirmatory factor analysis. Also, comparative and absolute fit indices were determined as follows: RMSEA=0.035, GFI=0.976, CFI=0.987, RMR=0.030. The analysis of the findings revealed that “Zero Waste Management Behavior” scale fit indices demonstrated excellent model fit for the findings. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between one-way ANOVA and T test results on participant statements based on gender, while there were significant differences between these variables based on age, education level and the region of residence.
{"title":"Investigation of Zero Waste Management Behavior in Turkey","authors":"Author Bahar, Ikizoglu Bahar, Ikizoglu Dr","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005623","url":null,"abstract":"Population growth, industrialization and technological advances have significantly increased waste production, waste collection, transportation and disposal induced significant costs. Waste could be considered a resource that allows nations to reduce the consumption of primary raw materials, protect natural resources and improve economic revenues by reducing environmental pressures. Zero waste approach for sustainable waste management has been approved and implemented globally. The present study aimed to investigate the basic zero-waste management in Turkey. Thus a scale that included eight items was developed and validity and reliability of the scale were analyzed. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) was initially applied. Then, the fitness of the model was tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cronbach's α (internal consistency coefficient) was calculated as 0.778. Chi-square test, RMSEA, GFI and CFI fit indices were employed in the first-order confirmatory factor analysis conducted on the whole sample. Chi-square was calculated as 1.310 in confirmatory factor analysis. Also, comparative and absolute fit indices were determined as follows: RMSEA=0.035, GFI=0.976, CFI=0.987, RMR=0.030. The analysis of the findings revealed that “Zero Waste Management Behavior” scale fit indices demonstrated excellent model fit for the findings. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between one-way ANOVA and T test results on participant statements based on gender, while there were significant differences between these variables based on age, education level and the region of residence. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"209 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of China's critical economic transition towards sustainability, this research employs a tripartite evolutionary game model involving government, enterprises, and environmental protection social organizations to investigate the evolutionary trajectory of enterprises' green production behaviors. By elucidating the equilibrium solution of the model and validating its local stability, the study aims to identify the key factors that contribute to steering the game towards a favorable state. The findings reveal that enterprises' decisions to adopt green production practices are primarily driven by cost-benefit considerations. Meanwhile, government interventions in regulating green production are influenced by factors such as resource input, punitive measures for non-compliance, and reward incentives. Additionally, the decisions of environmental protection social organizations to monitor enterprises' green production are shaped by factors like cost, financial support, and subsidy incentives. Ultimately, the study provides policy recommendations, emphasizing stakeholder perspectives, to encourage corporate green production. These insights not only aim to foster sustainable development among enterprises but also serve as a theoretical foundation for government policy formulation.
{"title":"Evolutionary Game Analysis of Enterprises' Green Production Behavior in the Context of China's Economic Green Transformation","authors":"Xue Lei, Ouwen Lin, Jiajun Lin","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005781","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of China's critical economic transition towards sustainability, this research employs a tripartite evolutionary game model involving government, enterprises, and environmental protection social organizations to investigate the evolutionary trajectory of enterprises' green production behaviors. By elucidating the equilibrium solution of the model and validating its local stability, the study aims to identify the key factors that contribute to steering the game towards a favorable state. The findings reveal that enterprises' decisions to adopt green production practices are primarily driven by cost-benefit considerations. Meanwhile, government interventions in regulating green production are influenced by factors such as resource input, punitive measures for non-compliance, and reward incentives. Additionally, the decisions of environmental protection social organizations to monitor enterprises' green production are shaped by factors like cost, financial support, and subsidy incentives. Ultimately, the study provides policy recommendations, emphasizing stakeholder perspectives, to encourage corporate green production. These insights not only aim to foster sustainable development among enterprises but also serve as a theoretical foundation for government policy formulation. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"87 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Treatment of tannery effluent is a key issue that requires novel research. The presented work is an attempt to carry out advanced oxidation process in a Multi-orifice Oscillatory Baffled Column using ozone as oxidizer and compare the extent of treatment with sono-catalytic treatment with TiO2 as catalyst. Studies have been carried out to understand the effect of treatment time, concentration of effluent and oscillation frequency upon ozonation and the effect of power of ultrasound, time of treatment and catalyst loading for sono-catalytic treatment. For ozonation the COD, BOD and TDS reduction obtained are 88.8%, 84.01%, 90.73% respectively and for sono-TiO2 treatment the reduction of COD, BOD and TDS obtained are 91.2%, 91.5%, 94%. Optimization and analysis of variables is carried out to identify the effective factors for treatment.
{"title":"Comparative study of advanced oxidation treatment of tannery effluent in Multi-orifice Oscillatory Baffled Column with sono-catalytic treatment using Titanium Dioxide","authors":"Saravanan Jegnanthan, Kannan Kandasamy","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005615","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of tannery effluent is a key issue that requires novel research. The presented work is an attempt to carry out advanced oxidation process in a Multi-orifice Oscillatory Baffled Column using ozone as oxidizer and compare the extent of treatment with sono-catalytic treatment with TiO2 as catalyst. Studies have been carried out to understand the effect of treatment time, concentration of effluent and oscillation frequency upon ozonation and the effect of power of ultrasound, time of treatment and catalyst loading for sono-catalytic treatment. For ozonation the COD, BOD and TDS reduction obtained are 88.8%, 84.01%, 90.73% respectively and for sono-TiO2 treatment the reduction of COD, BOD and TDS obtained are 91.2%, 91.5%, 94%. Optimization and analysis of variables is carried out to identify the effective factors for treatment. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The photocatalytic oxidation of organic and petroleum wastewater treatment is an advanced oxidation process (AOP) with several benefits. It operates at normal temperatures and pressure, is inexpensive, does not produce secondary waste, and us easily accessible. Many studies have employed bubble columns, slurry bubble columns, and three-phase fluidized reactors in the photocatalytic process for wastewater treatment. Pure TiO2 and Fe-doped TiO2 are considered the most promising catalysts. The aim of this work was to review the literature on the photocatalytic process for organic pollutants and petroleum wastewater (produced water) treatment, with a special focus on pure TiO2 and Fe-doped TiO2 as well as to study the possibility of using a tapered bubble column reactor for this treatment. A circulating upflow tapered bubble column reactor with a light lamp at the center facilitates the separation of the gas-liquid-solid phases with no dead zone in the photocatalytic process.
{"title":"Photocatalytic Oxidation Process for Petroleum Wastewater Treatment and The Possibility of Using Tapered Bubble Column (TBC): A Review","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005681","url":null,"abstract":"The photocatalytic oxidation of organic and petroleum wastewater treatment is an advanced oxidation process (AOP) with several benefits. It operates at normal temperatures and pressure, is inexpensive, does not produce secondary waste, and us easily accessible. Many studies have employed bubble columns, slurry bubble columns, and three-phase fluidized reactors in the photocatalytic process for wastewater treatment. Pure TiO2 and Fe-doped TiO2 are considered the most promising catalysts. The aim of this work was to review the literature on the photocatalytic process for organic pollutants and petroleum wastewater (produced water) treatment, with a special focus on pure TiO2 and Fe-doped TiO2 as well as to study the possibility of using a tapered bubble column reactor for this treatment. A circulating upflow tapered bubble column reactor with a light lamp at the center facilitates the separation of the gas-liquid-solid phases with no dead zone in the photocatalytic process. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"120 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluates the contamination levels of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons in Jafari Creek sediments and the effect of these pollutions on Macrobenthos in 2017. Studies to understand the effect of heavy metal Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Lead, Selenium, Zinc, Copper, and Vanadium, and 16 hydrocarbon compounds, organic material, and soil texture on the population of Jafari Creek Macrobenthos in five stations along the estuary and analyzed using standard procedures. The 4 identified Macrobenthos included Bivalvia with 9 species, Gastropoda with 8 species, Crustacea with 7 species, and Polychaeta with 6 species totaling Macrobenthos 3645.14 per square meter. The dominant class was Polychaetes (53.9%), followed by Bivalvia (23.2%), Gastropoda (9.93%), and Crustaceans (15.8%), with slightly different (P<0.05), were in the second and third class. Among the studied metals, zinc, chromium, and nickel had the highest concentration. Among the hydrocarbons, Anthracene at station 1, Fluorene at station 2, Phenanthrene and Dibenzo [A, H] Anthracene at station 3, and Fluoranthene at station 4 with a concentration between <0.01- 0.091 ppm had the highest value. The highest and lowest heavy metal concentrations were measured at station 4 (215.54 ± 14.58 ppm) and station 1 (102.39 ± 24.15 ppm), respectively. In return, stations 1 (0.339 ± 0.074 ppm) and 4 (0.196 ± 0.078 ppm) had the highest and lowest concentration of hydrocarbons, respectively. Regarding the number of identified Macrobenthos, stations 3 and 2, with 1738.64 and 333.28 n/m2 had the highest and lowest numbers, respectively. The class of Crustacea had a positive correlation with zinc, copper, and lead metal and a negative correlation with Selenium. Polychaeta was positively correlated with cadmium and vanadium. Gastropoda had a negative correlation with vanadium and chromium, a positive correlation with lead and hydrocarbons, and Bivalvia correlated negatively with lead and zinc and had a correlation with vanadium. Considering that the areas around Jafari Creek are an industrial, petrochemical, and economic region considered one of the important catchments in the province of Khuzestan, the sediments, water, and animal tissues must be periodically the analysis of heavy metals and oil hydrocarbons should be considered.
{"title":"The effect of oil pollution on community structure of benthic macro invertebrates in the northwest of the Persian Gulf (Case study: Jafari creek)","authors":"","doi":"10.30955/gnj.005384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30955/gnj.005384","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the contamination levels of heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons in Jafari Creek sediments and the effect of these pollutions on Macrobenthos in 2017. Studies to understand the effect of heavy metal Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Lead, Selenium, Zinc, Copper, and Vanadium, and 16 hydrocarbon compounds, organic material, and soil texture on the population of Jafari Creek Macrobenthos in five stations along the estuary and analyzed using standard procedures. The 4 identified Macrobenthos included Bivalvia with 9 species, Gastropoda with 8 species, Crustacea with 7 species, and Polychaeta with 6 species totaling Macrobenthos 3645.14 per square meter. The dominant class was Polychaetes (53.9%), followed by Bivalvia (23.2%), Gastropoda (9.93%), and Crustaceans (15.8%), with slightly different (P<0.05), were in the second and third class. Among the studied metals, zinc, chromium, and nickel had the highest concentration. Among the hydrocarbons, Anthracene at station 1, Fluorene at station 2, Phenanthrene and Dibenzo [A, H] Anthracene at station 3, and Fluoranthene at station 4 with a concentration between <0.01- 0.091 ppm had the highest value. The highest and lowest heavy metal concentrations were measured at station 4 (215.54 ± 14.58 ppm) and station 1 (102.39 ± 24.15 ppm), respectively. In return, stations 1 (0.339 ± 0.074 ppm) and 4 (0.196 ± 0.078 ppm) had the highest and lowest concentration of hydrocarbons, respectively. Regarding the number of identified Macrobenthos, stations 3 and 2, with 1738.64 and 333.28 n/m2 had the highest and lowest numbers, respectively. The class of Crustacea had a positive correlation with zinc, copper, and lead metal and a negative correlation with Selenium. Polychaeta was positively correlated with cadmium and vanadium. Gastropoda had a negative correlation with vanadium and chromium, a positive correlation with lead and hydrocarbons, and Bivalvia correlated negatively with lead and zinc and had a correlation with vanadium. Considering that the areas around Jafari Creek are an industrial, petrochemical, and economic region considered one of the important catchments in the province of Khuzestan, the sediments, water, and animal tissues must be periodically the analysis of heavy metals and oil hydrocarbons should be considered. \u0000","PeriodicalId":502310,"journal":{"name":"Global NEST: the international Journal","volume":"344 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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