Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry最新文献

Dental caries remains a significant public health issue for children globally, leading to adverse effects on health and development. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a potential preventive agent that can prevent caries progression in children. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries compared to other fluorides. An electronic search of MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus databases was carried out examining articles in English from 2001 to 2023. Studies included in the analysis examined the application of SDF in children and adolescents with coronal caries lesions on primary teeth or permanent first molars. Fifteen studies, involving a total of 7895 children, were incorporated. The application regimen varied across studies. Most studies in this review consistently suggested that SDF is effective in arresting caries. An annual application of SDF effectively reduced Streptococcus mutans count. Adverse effects were primarily tooth staining and less commonly, oral mucosal irritation. A majority of studies showed a high risk of bias due to methodological insufficiencies. Overall, the evidence suggests that SDF is effective in arresting dental caries in children. It offers a viable, cost-effective, and minimally invasive treatment option, particularly suitable for use in low-resource settings. However, the aesthetic concern of tooth staining with SDF use remains a challenge. Further well-designed clinical trials may provide a fuller picture of SDF which can shape public health policy and shift towards a minimally invasive treatment approach.

This review aimed to analyze the correlation between atypical swallowing and malocclusions and how this dysfunction can be treated. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed to conduct this systematic review, and the protocol was registered at International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with the CRD42024499707. A thorough search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science to find papers that discussed myofunctional and orthodontic treatment for patients with atypical swallowing and malocclusion from 01 January 2003 to 27 November 2023. The search yielded 2554 articles, of which only 12 records were selected for qualitative analysis. The analysis of these articles revealed that orofacial myofunctional therapy, criab appliance, Habit corrector™, and soft tongue restrainers are potential therapies for treating atypical swallowing and malocclusions. The tongue's position affects muscle behavior, leading to malocclusions that can be treated with various therapies, resulting in effective clinical outcomes. However, more research is required to delve deeper into the topic.

To comparatively assess the periodontal condition and oral hygiene of children and adolescents at different ages presenting with different types of orofacial clefts (OFCs). A total of 1608 patients aged 6-18 years who had not previously undergone periodontal treatment were enrolled in this study. Participants were categorized into two age groups: 6-12 years (Group I) and 13-18 years (Group II). Participants in both age groups were further classified into one of the three OFC-type subgroups: cleft lip only (without or with alveolar cleft), cleft lip and cleft palate, and cleft palate only. Periodontal health was determined by evaluating plaque formation and gingival status with reference to the Silness and Loe plaque index (PI), Loe gingival index (GI), and community periodontal index (CPI). Periodontal health and oral hygiene were not significantly different between Groups I and II for cleft type (p > 0.05). A significant difference was not observed in PI for cleft type among the groups (p > 0.05). In Group II, GI and CPI were significantly higher than in Group I (p < 0.05). According to our results, cleft type does not influence periodontal health of children and adolescents with OFCs. Age, however, influences periodontal diseases' prevalence and severity.

Advancements in 3D printing technology are providing a new direction in pediatric dentistry by offering innovative solutions to traditional challenges. The remarkable expansion of 3D printing necessitates a comprehensive examination of its status and applications in the dental field, particularly in the pediatric dentistry. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the applications of 3D printing in pediatric dental practices by drawing from a systematic search across databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo and the Cochrane Library. The search strategy employed a combination of keywords: "Digital dentistry and 3D printing", "3D printing technology in dentistry", "3D printing in pediatric dentistry" and "3D printing in pediatric dental procedures". The review encompasses a wide array of studies, including original research, cross-sectional analyses, case reports and reviews. A detailed overview is presented in regard to the use of 3D printing for master and educational models, space maintainers, prosthetic restorations, surgical guide, splint design and fracture treatment, fluoride application, autogenous dental transplantation, anterior teeth restoration, and pediatric endodontics and regenerative treatments. This review shows that 3D printing improves clinical outcomes through personalized and precise treatment options and enhances dental students' educational landscape. Areas lacking extensive research were also identified, which warrent further investigation to optimize the integration of 3D printing in pediatric dentistry. By mapping out the current landscape and future directions, the aim of this paper is to support pediatric dentists in recognizing the broad implications of 3D printing for improving patient care and advancing dental education.

Recently, interest in tooth-colored fluoride-releasing dental materials has increased. Although physical and mechanical properties such as surface hardness, elastic modulus and surface roughness of the restorative materials have been investigated, the effect of different immersion media on these properties is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nanohardness, elastic modulus and surface roughness of the fluoride release of tooth-colored restorative materials after immersion in acidic beverages. Prepared samples of three restorative materials (a highly viscous glass ionomer (EQUIA Forte; GC, Tokyo, Japan), a compomer (Dyract XP; Dentsply, Weybridge, UK), and a bioactive restorative material (Activa BioACTIVE; Pulpdent, MA, USA)) were randomly divided and immersed in distilled water, a cola and an orange juice for one week. The HYSITRON T1 950 TriboIndenter device (Hysitron, USA) with the Berkovich diamond indenter tip was used for all measurements. The nanohardness and elastic modulus of the samples were measured by applying a force of 6000 μN to five different points on the sample surface. Surface roughness measurements were evaluated on random samples by scanning five random 40 × 40 μm areas. The properties were measured at the initial and one week after immersion. The values of nanohardness, elastic modulus and surface roughness were tested for significant differences using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures (p < 0.05). Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) test was used for multiple comparisons. AB (Activa BioACTIVE) had the highest initial mean values for nanohardness. After post-immersion, the highest mean value for elastic modulus was the initial AB value. The lowest mean value for roughness of 100.36 nm was obtained for the initial DX (Dyract XP) measurement. Acidic beverages had a negative effect on the nanohardness, elastic modulus and surface roughness of the restorative materials.

The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b) in a patient diagnosed with short root anomaly (SRA). The detailed clinical data and history of related clinical symptoms of the SRA patient were retrieved. Oral examination showed that the shape and color of the tooth crown were normal. Tooth 11 and 12 were missing, and the mobility degree of other teeth was II-III. Panoramic radiograph examination showed that the root length only reached the neck of the tooth. Laboratory results showed that blood spectrum, chromosome and trace elements were normal. Endocrinological evaluation indicated that hormone levels were within normal limits; however, both B-ALP and TRAP-5b were higher than the normal range. The present case shows that SRA may be related to an imbalance in osteoblast/osteoclast metabolism, which provides a new direction for the etiological research of this disease.

There is evidence that antibiotics are sometimes prescribed inappropriately by dental practitioners, which can lead to undesirable outcomes. This study aimed to assess the impact of a clinical audit on antibiotic prescribing practices at Taibah University Dental Hospital in Madina, Saudi Arabia. The study retrospectively analyzed antibiotic-prescribing data for pediatric patients by dental interns and faculty members over a period of 8-months. The data collected revealed that inappropriate antibiotic prescription was prevalent initially, with a total of 119 antibiotic-prescriptions issued. After implementing an action plan that included the use of guidelines and educational sessions, a second cycle of the audit was conducted over a 4-month period. During the second cycle, the number of antibiotic prescriptions significantly decreased to 58, indicating a reduction of 48%. Across both cycles, amoxicillin emerged as the most frequently prescribed antibiotic, closely followed by Augmentin. Notably, pulpal diseases and peri-radical complications were consistently ranked as the conditions with the highest number of antibiotic prescriptions in both study periods. The results suggest that the clinical audit, along with the implementation of guidelines and educational sessions, had a positive impact on antibiotic prescribing practices at Taibah University Dental Hospital, leading to a significant reduction in inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions.

Sodium fluoride-polyvinyl alcohol (NaF-PVA) tape was developed to deliver fluoride to teeth by adding fluoride to polymer tape. Previous studies have demonstrated that tapes are effective and have antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of two fluoride-releasing adhesive tapes. We investigated two polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) tapes: (i) a fluoride-PVA (F-PVA) tape, and (ii) a pullulan-incorporated F-PVA (PF-PVA) tape. The cytotoxicity test was conducted on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Using an adhesive tape containing fluoride, we performed the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on these cells. Genetic analysis of the cells was performed to conduct a stability test on humans. In the MTT assay, PF-PVA had 66% greater cytotoxicity than control by PDL and 69% by HGF. F-PVA showed less cytotoxicity than PF-PVA by 29% in PDL and 33% in HGF. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed as gene expression analyses. GO analysis indicated that PF-PVA displayed more expression changes of genes related to cytotoxicity than F-PVA. In addition, GSEA found more inflammatory response associations in PF-PVA than in F-PVA. MTT and genetic testing yielded comparable results.

To investigate the effects of lactic acid etching on the immediate and aged bond strength of the resin-dentin bonding interface, the resin-dentin bonding interface was evaluated 24 hours and 6 months later. A total of 42 isolated third molars were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups according to different lactate concentration (35%, 40%, 45%) and acid etching time (30 s, 45 s), with 37% phosphoric acid etching 15 s as a control. In each group, dentin samples were etched under different acidic conditions and bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) as directed. The immediate group was immediately stored in deionized water at 37 °C for 24 h, and the aging group was stored in artificial saliva at 37 °C for 6 months. Immediate and aged bond strengths were measured by a micro-tensile tester, and the specimen fracture surface was observed under a microscope. 14 isolated third molars were randomly divided into 7 groups, and each group was etched with acid. Collagen fibers morphology in dentin was examined after gradient dehydration with ethanol by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistically, there was no difference between the resin-dentin immediate bonding strength of 35% lactic acid for 30 s and 37% phosphoric acid for 15 s, but the aged bond strength was greater than that of the phosphoric acid group. According to scanning electron microscope observations, the collagen fiber morphology in 35% and 40% lactate etching dentin 30 s groups was relatively intact compared with other groups. In conclusion, 35% lactic acid etching of dentin 30 s ensures both immediate and aged resin-dentin bond strength.