Pseudoarthrosis is the presentation of false joints or non-union, primarily in long bones. While pseudoarthrosis most often presents as the lack of union between parts of a fractured or broken bone, it is also suspected that pseudoarthrosis results from a congenital disorder of unknown origin. While the etiology is unclear, there is an association with a congenital defect in neurofibromatosis type 1 gene through the neurofibromin protein. This defect occurs during the germ line mutation of conception and is often identified during early childhood. Pseudoarthrosis is more often difficult to detect in adults as it is frequently corrected during childhood. Germ line defects along the neurofibromin protein often result in a lack of communication from the reticular activating system (RAS) molecular signaling, which, in turn, impacts skeletal osteon production. Consequently, osseous lesions may develop and lead to a lack of cellular control over osteoblast signaling in the long bones of the skeleton. Understanding the origins of congenital pseudoarthrosis and its relationship with neurofibromatosis type 1 could lead to a better understanding of both conditions. Understanding these conditions can be useful for interpreting forensic contexts. These contexts include having the histological knowledge of osteology in these diseases for identification purposes. Given that both neurofibromatosis type 1 and pseudoarthrosis are uncommon conditions, their presence may aid forensic practitioners in determining cause of death or identification of the individual. This paper reviews new advances towards understanding the root cause of pseudoarthrosis.
{"title":"Effects of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 on Pseudoarthrosis and the Forensic Implications","authors":"Alyssa Hildebrandt","doi":"10.29173/comp72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/comp72","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudoarthrosis is the presentation of false joints or non-union, primarily in long bones. While pseudoarthrosis most often presents as the lack of union between parts of a fractured or broken bone, it is also suspected that pseudoarthrosis results from a congenital disorder of unknown origin. While the etiology is unclear, there is an association with a congenital defect in neurofibromatosis type 1 gene through the neurofibromin protein. This defect occurs during the germ line mutation of conception and is often identified during early childhood. Pseudoarthrosis is more often difficult to detect in adults as it is frequently corrected during childhood. Germ line defects along the neurofibromin protein often result in a lack of communication from the reticular activating system (RAS) molecular signaling, which, in turn, impacts skeletal osteon production. Consequently, osseous lesions may develop and lead to a lack of cellular control over osteoblast signaling in the long bones of the skeleton. Understanding the origins of congenital pseudoarthrosis and its relationship with neurofibromatosis type 1 could lead to a better understanding of both conditions. Understanding these conditions can be useful for interpreting forensic contexts. These contexts include having the histological knowledge of osteology in these diseases for identification purposes. Given that both neurofibromatosis type 1 and pseudoarthrosis are uncommon conditions, their presence may aid forensic practitioners in determining cause of death or identification of the individual. This paper reviews new advances towards understanding the root cause of pseudoarthrosis.","PeriodicalId":502423,"journal":{"name":"COMPASS","volume":"808 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139177370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Post-colonial scholars often confront the dual nature of colonial languages. While these languages provide pivotal communication avenues, especially for diverse marginalized groups like certain Indigenous communities, they simultaneously embody colonial biases, making them challenging mediums for emancipatory discourse. This paper proposes mythopoeticism to leverage the extensive reach of such languages, circumventing their constructive norms. We spotlight this through the prism of the Chiapas Mesoamerican communities' mythopoetics during the 1994 National Army of Zapatista Liberation (EZLN) uprising. This investigation aims to enrich contemporary post-colonial thought, presenting Mesoamerican perspectives on mythopoetics as a dynamic instrument for post-colonial dialogue. The discussion first examines the formative influence of colonial languages on meaning and power dynamics. It then transitions to a detailed textual analysis of the Zapatista mythopoetic narratives. Lastly, it considers the assimilation of Mesoamerican insights into current post-colonial frameworks, endorsing mythopoetics as a rejuvenated mechanism for post-colonial endeavors.
{"title":"Utilising Mythopoetic Paradigms for Subverting Prescriptive Linguistic Colonial Supremacies","authors":"Elliot Goodell Ugalde","doi":"10.29173/comp87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/comp87","url":null,"abstract":"Post-colonial scholars often confront the dual nature of colonial languages. While these languages provide pivotal communication avenues, especially for diverse marginalized groups like certain Indigenous communities, they simultaneously embody colonial biases, making them challenging mediums for emancipatory discourse. This paper proposes mythopoeticism to leverage the extensive reach of such languages, circumventing their constructive norms. We spotlight this through the prism of the Chiapas Mesoamerican communities' mythopoetics during the 1994 National Army of Zapatista Liberation (EZLN) uprising. This investigation aims to enrich contemporary post-colonial thought, presenting Mesoamerican perspectives on mythopoetics as a dynamic instrument for post-colonial dialogue. The discussion first examines the formative influence of colonial languages on meaning and power dynamics. It then transitions to a detailed textual analysis of the Zapatista mythopoetic narratives. Lastly, it considers the assimilation of Mesoamerican insights into current post-colonial frameworks, endorsing mythopoetics as a rejuvenated mechanism for post-colonial endeavors.","PeriodicalId":502423,"journal":{"name":"COMPASS","volume":"36 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human Taphonomic Facilities (HTF)—or as they are more commonly known, body farms—have grown in number since the first facility opened in 1980. As recognition of their utility grows, it is worth reconsidering their origins in light of the generative value they provide and the challenges yet to overcome. This paper examines the first HTF in depth, tracing how it came about and the advances it has made to the field of forensics. I address the ethical implications that body farms pose, but also the solutions they have to offer.
{"title":"Body Farms: A Field of Opportunity","authors":"Séamus Rudden","doi":"10.29173/comp75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/comp75","url":null,"abstract":"Human Taphonomic Facilities (HTF)—or as they are more commonly known, body farms—have grown in number since the first facility opened in 1980. As recognition of their utility grows, it is worth reconsidering their origins in light of the generative value they provide and the challenges yet to overcome. This paper examines the first HTF in depth, tracing how it came about and the advances it has made to the field of forensics. I address the ethical implications that body farms pose, but also the solutions they have to offer.","PeriodicalId":502423,"journal":{"name":"COMPASS","volume":"116 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural mummies are human and animal remains that have been naturally preserved over time. In most cases, these mummies are formed through a combination of environmental factors such as the soil's chemical makeup, temperature, and humidity. One of the most well-known, yet uncommon, examples of natural mummies are those found in bogs, wetland environments characterized by low oxygen levels and acidic water. Mummies discovered in these bog environments will be the focus of this paper. It will discuss the challenges associated with establishing the time of death for natural mummies. Various factors influence the mummification process including the acidity of the water, temperature, and the presence of microorganisms. As a result, traditional methods of estimating the time of death, or post-mortem interval (PMI), may not be reliable. This paper will also review recent advances in the field, including but not limited to stable isotope analysis, DNA sequencing, and proteomics. This will allow researchers to understand the taphonomic processes at play and improve the accuracy of time of death estimations. Overall, this paper provides practical insights into the complex processes involved in determining the time of death in natural mummies and offers information about new technologies useful for researchers in this field.
{"title":"New Methods for Establishing Time of Death when Dealing with Natural Mummification from Bog Environments","authors":"Tristan Mula","doi":"10.29173/comp69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/comp69","url":null,"abstract":"Natural mummies are human and animal remains that have been naturally preserved over time. In most cases, these mummies are formed through a combination of environmental factors such as the soil's chemical makeup, temperature, and humidity. One of the most well-known, yet uncommon, examples of natural mummies are those found in bogs, wetland environments characterized by low oxygen levels and acidic water. Mummies discovered in these bog environments will be the focus of this paper. It will discuss the challenges associated with establishing the time of death for natural mummies. Various factors influence the mummification process including the acidity of the water, temperature, and the presence of microorganisms. As a result, traditional methods of estimating the time of death, or post-mortem interval (PMI), may not be reliable. This paper will also review recent advances in the field, including but not limited to stable isotope analysis, DNA sequencing, and proteomics. This will allow researchers to understand the taphonomic processes at play and improve the accuracy of time of death estimations. Overall, this paper provides practical insights into the complex processes involved in determining the time of death in natural mummies and offers information about new technologies useful for researchers in this field.","PeriodicalId":502423,"journal":{"name":"COMPASS","volume":"333 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The following few pages are our journal’s ode to visual anthropology through my description as one of the co-editors of Compass and the image I captured during a fieldwork in Konya, Türkiye in 2022, which was the winner of the Images of Research 2023.
{"title":"Editorial and an Image","authors":"Hande Gür","doi":"10.29173/comp92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/comp92","url":null,"abstract":"The following few pages are our journal’s ode to visual anthropology through my description as one of the co-editors of Compass and the image I captured during a fieldwork in Konya, Türkiye in 2022, which was the winner of the Images of Research 2023.","PeriodicalId":502423,"journal":{"name":"COMPASS","volume":"349 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Growing up in North America, girls are bombarded by messages about how they should behave. This process starts at a young age with little girls watching Disney Princess movies and learning they need to be submissive, quiet, and pretty. As they grow up, contemporary vampire fiction takes the reins and teaches girls that the ideal romance is one where they are isolated, physically weak, victimized, and afraid. In both, their purity is fetishized, and they are expected to give up everything for their male partner. This article explores both ideas throughout the span of an adolescent girl's life and then compares them to a YouTube trend “Am I pretty or ugly?” This trend has young girls who seek validation make videos that ask the internet to judge their appearance for a boost in their self-esteem. Instead, they are met with malicious comments that reinforce the ideas they were taught in the popular culture discussed above. Overall, my findings are that these messages, often created by adult men, are grooming young girls to be submissive housewives who are taught that their value as a woman is tied to a specific concept of purity, and that one’s partner being physically threatening is a sign of love.
{"title":"How the Lion Groomed the Lamb","authors":"Brianne I. Bertram","doi":"10.29173/comp64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/comp64","url":null,"abstract":"Growing up in North America, girls are bombarded by messages about how they should behave. This process starts at a young age with little girls watching Disney Princess movies and learning they need to be submissive, quiet, and pretty. As they grow up, contemporary vampire fiction takes the reins and teaches girls that the ideal romance is one where they are isolated, physically weak, victimized, and afraid. In both, their purity is fetishized, and they are expected to give up everything for their male partner. This article explores both ideas throughout the span of an adolescent girl's life and then compares them to a YouTube trend “Am I pretty or ugly?” This trend has young girls who seek validation make videos that ask the internet to judge their appearance for a boost in their self-esteem. Instead, they are met with malicious comments that reinforce the ideas they were taught in the popular culture discussed above. Overall, my findings are that these messages, often created by adult men, are grooming young girls to be submissive housewives who are taught that their value as a woman is tied to a specific concept of purity, and that one’s partner being physically threatening is a sign of love.","PeriodicalId":502423,"journal":{"name":"COMPASS","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Within three millennia, capuchins appear to have made substantial progress in their use of stones relative to other living non-human primates, including the great apes. The rapid evolution of capuchin tool use can help us better understand unclear aspects of our own evolutionary journey; it can also inform us of the decisions we may have to make regarding how we will share our planet with this primate in the future. However, no prior literature has comparatively examined capuchin and human lithics within naturalistic contexts to subsequently tackle the issues of pre-Clovis validity and future capuchin stone use. Therefore, I first review secondary data on the lithic items that capuchins have been interacting with over the last 3000 years in the first section of this paper. Subsequently, I discuss the similarities between present-day capuchin-made lithics and human flintknapping attributes. Essentially, capuchins have become proficient in the motor-skills required to detach flakes from stones in a manner somewhat similar to Oldowan hominins. However, capuchins do not modify these flakes; they use them expediently as a source of mineral nutrition or as hammerstones for percussion activities. In the second section of this paper, I examine literature related to archaeologically controversial sites that supposedly suggest human presence in the Americas predating 12,000 years ago. In particular, I compare capuchin lithics with secondary data from one Mexican site and one Brazilian site to argue whether the stone items at the two sites were made by: 1) neotropical primates; or 2) the forces of nature. Based on my discussion of capuchin lithic activities from past to present, I make a conjecture in the final section of this paper that the right set of conditions could enable modern capuchins to potentially begin intentionally detaching flakes for tool use over the next few centuries.
{"title":"Stone Tools and Our Primate Relatives","authors":"Prithvi Singh Kahlon","doi":"10.29173/comp77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/comp77","url":null,"abstract":"Within three millennia, capuchins appear to have made substantial progress in their use of stones relative to other living non-human primates, including the great apes. The rapid evolution of capuchin tool use can help us better understand unclear aspects of our own evolutionary journey; it can also inform us of the decisions we may have to make regarding how we will share our planet with this primate in the future. However, no prior literature has comparatively examined capuchin and human lithics within naturalistic contexts to subsequently tackle the issues of pre-Clovis validity and future capuchin stone use. Therefore, I first review secondary data on the lithic items that capuchins have been interacting with over the last 3000 years in the first section of this paper. Subsequently, I discuss the similarities between present-day capuchin-made lithics and human flintknapping attributes. Essentially, capuchins have become proficient in the motor-skills required to detach flakes from stones in a manner somewhat similar to Oldowan hominins. However, capuchins do not modify these flakes; they use them expediently as a source of mineral nutrition or as hammerstones for percussion activities. In the second section of this paper, I examine literature related to archaeologically controversial sites that supposedly suggest human presence in the Americas predating 12,000 years ago. In particular, I compare capuchin lithics with secondary data from one Mexican site and one Brazilian site to argue whether the stone items at the two sites were made by: 1) neotropical primates; or 2) the forces of nature. Based on my discussion of capuchin lithic activities from past to present, I make a conjecture in the final section of this paper that the right set of conditions could enable modern capuchins to potentially begin intentionally detaching flakes for tool use over the next few centuries.","PeriodicalId":502423,"journal":{"name":"COMPASS","volume":"173 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139178593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is the third issue of COMPASS: The Student Anthropology Journal of Alberta. This feature includes undergraduate, MA, and PhD research of students at the University of Alberta and spans sociocultural anthropology, archaeology, and linguistic anthropology-related themes. One of the articles in this issue stems from award-winning research that was presented at the 29th Annual Richard Frucht Memorial Lecture Series and Student Conference (2023). Popovych (2023) was awarded the Second Place Prize for the Graduate Podium Presentation Category. We would like to thank our staff and all submissions for their hard work and dedication allowing this issue to come to fruition. Please send all editorial correspondence to compass@ualberta.ca
{"title":"Title Page and Inside Cover","authors":"Compass Editors","doi":"10.29173/comp88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/comp88","url":null,"abstract":"This is the third issue of COMPASS: The Student Anthropology Journal of Alberta. This feature includes undergraduate, MA, and PhD research of students at the University of Alberta and spans sociocultural anthropology, archaeology, and linguistic anthropology-related themes. One of the articles in this issue stems from award-winning research that was presented at the 29th Annual Richard Frucht Memorial Lecture Series and Student Conference (2023). Popovych (2023) was awarded the Second Place Prize for the Graduate Podium Presentation Category. We would like to thank our staff and all submissions for their hard work and dedication allowing this issue to come to fruition. Please send all editorial correspondence to compass@ualberta.ca","PeriodicalId":502423,"journal":{"name":"COMPASS","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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