Thusitha Ginigaddara, Chathushika Ekanayake, Tharaka Gunawardena, P. Mendis
Earliest global movement towards modular construction originated as a solution to the sudden housing demand which occurred during events such as British colonization, the California gold rush, the world wars and post war settlement. Present day, modular construction is explored by researchers aiming to maximize from the benefits of Industry 4.0 technology. Buildings of the 21st century frequently face natural disasters such as earthquakes, pandemics, floods, cyclones, and bushfires. This review is developed around recent episodes such as the Covid-19 pandemic which demands design resilience and the intraplate earthquake of Australia, which stresses on the necessity of improved structural performance of modular buildings. To understand the performance of modular buildings against natural disasters, this paper critically reviews recent developments in modular construction research and applications. Through the extensive analysis of literature, this paper identifies future research domains of modular construction that are required to confront natural disasters. The outcomes of this review facilitate timely and sustainable research directives towards resilient modular buildings.
{"title":"Resilience and Performance of Prefabricated Modular Buildings Against Natural Disasters","authors":"Thusitha Ginigaddara, Chathushika Ekanayake, Tharaka Gunawardena, P. Mendis","doi":"10.56748/ejse.23542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56748/ejse.23542","url":null,"abstract":"Earliest global movement towards modular construction originated as a solution to the sudden housing demand which occurred during events such as British colonization, the California gold rush, the world wars and post war settlement. Present day, modular construction is explored by researchers aiming to maximize from the benefits of Industry 4.0 technology. Buildings of the 21st century frequently face natural disasters such as earthquakes, pandemics, floods, cyclones, and bushfires. This review is developed around recent episodes such as the Covid-19 pandemic which demands design resilience and the intraplate earthquake of Australia, which stresses on the necessity of improved structural performance of modular buildings. To understand the performance of modular buildings against natural disasters, this paper critically reviews recent developments in modular construction research and applications. Through the extensive analysis of literature, this paper identifies future research domains of modular construction that are required to confront natural disasters. The outcomes of this review facilitate timely and sustainable research directives towards resilient modular buildings.","PeriodicalId":502439,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139132145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Muñoz Pérez, Luigi Italo Villena Zapata, Franklin Luis Tesen Muñoz, Yan Carlos Coronel Sanchez, Carlos Eduardo Ramos
The scarcity of stone materials, such as sand, has led to the exploration of alternative, sustainable options for mortars, including coconut fiber. This material, with minimal intervention in various areas of Peru, has proven to be an excellent choice in mortar preparation due to its characteristics of strength and durability. The study aimed to assess the influence of coconut fiber in mortar applications on the mechanical properties of clay brick masonry. Mixes were created with ratios of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5, incorporating coconut fiber pre-treated at percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% relative to the weight of cement and a length of 3 cm, respectively. Tests, including fluidity, compressive strength, and flexural strength, were conducted on mortar specimens. The behavior of clay brick masonry was evaluated through flexural strength, axial compression in prisms, and diagonal compression in walls. The most favorable result was observed in the 1:3 mix with the addition of 0.5% fiber, demonstrating a remarkable 22.6% increase in flexural strength compared to standard mortar. Subsequently, in masonry tests, the addition of 0.5% coconut fiber in 1:3 ratio mortars showed increases of 3.9%, 65.9%, and 3.3% in compressive strength, flexural strength, and diagonal compression in walls, respectively, compared to the standard samples. In conclusion, the addition of coconut fiber contributes significantly to the enhancement of mortar properties.
{"title":"Influence of coconut fiber on mortar properties in masonry walls","authors":"S. Muñoz Pérez, Luigi Italo Villena Zapata, Franklin Luis Tesen Muñoz, Yan Carlos Coronel Sanchez, Carlos Eduardo Ramos","doi":"10.56748/ejse.23391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56748/ejse.23391","url":null,"abstract":"The scarcity of stone materials, such as sand, has led to the exploration of alternative, sustainable options for mortars, including coconut fiber. This material, with minimal intervention in various areas of Peru, has proven to be an excellent choice in mortar preparation due to its characteristics of strength and durability. The study aimed to assess the influence of coconut fiber in mortar applications on the mechanical properties of clay brick masonry. Mixes were created with ratios of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5, incorporating coconut fiber pre-treated at percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% relative to the weight of cement and a length of 3 cm, respectively. Tests, including fluidity, compressive strength, and flexural strength, were conducted on mortar specimens. The behavior of clay brick masonry was evaluated through flexural strength, axial compression in prisms, and diagonal compression in walls. The most favorable result was observed in the 1:3 mix with the addition of 0.5% fiber, demonstrating a remarkable 22.6% increase in flexural strength compared to standard mortar. Subsequently, in masonry tests, the addition of 0.5% coconut fiber in 1:3 ratio mortars showed increases of 3.9%, 65.9%, and 3.3% in compressive strength, flexural strength, and diagonal compression in walls, respectively, compared to the standard samples. In conclusion, the addition of coconut fiber contributes significantly to the enhancement of mortar properties.","PeriodicalId":502439,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139144308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Layth A. Al-Jaberi, Asmaa Ali, R. Al-Jadiri, Zainab Al-khafaji
RPC (Reactive Powder Concrete) is a high-strength concrete with outstanding technical qualities. One of the most crucial critical criteria in RPC development is the cement content. Cement production is seen as an environmentally unsustainable process. As a result, it is necessary to substitute cement in RPC manufacturing with an environmentally acceptable binder. Geopolymer seems to be a novel binder that can completely replace cement. The properties of constituents and their percentages in the mix significantly affect the behavior of geopolymer concrete or mortar. This research aims to produce Geopolymer RPC (GRPC) and verify the impact of the ratios of fly ash/pozzolanic materials (FA/P), sand/pozzolanic materials(S/P), finer sand/fine aggregate (S2/S1), and alkaline solution/pozzolanic materials (A/P) on its mechanical and durability properties. The results of the current works demonstrate that increase in alkaline solution to binder ratio increase the compressive strength of the mortars from 62.28 to 70.01 MPa at 62.50% to 100% alkaline/binder ratio, respectively. As well as, vfor the same alkaline/binder ratio the workability subsequently improves from 15 to 17.3mm.
{"title":"Workability and Compressive Strength Properties of (Fly Ash-Metakaolin) based Flowable Geopolymer Mortar","authors":"Layth A. Al-Jaberi, Asmaa Ali, R. Al-Jadiri, Zainab Al-khafaji","doi":"10.56748/ejse.23436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56748/ejse.23436","url":null,"abstract":"RPC (Reactive Powder Concrete) is a high-strength concrete with outstanding technical qualities. One of the most crucial critical criteria in RPC development is the cement content. Cement production is seen as an environmentally unsustainable process. As a result, it is necessary to substitute cement in RPC manufacturing with an environmentally acceptable binder. Geopolymer seems to be a novel binder that can completely replace cement. The properties of constituents and their percentages in the mix significantly affect the behavior of geopolymer concrete or mortar. This research aims to produce Geopolymer RPC (GRPC) and verify the impact of the ratios of fly ash/pozzolanic materials (FA/P), sand/pozzolanic materials(S/P), finer sand/fine aggregate (S2/S1), and alkaline solution/pozzolanic materials (A/P) on its mechanical and durability properties. The results of the current works demonstrate that increase in alkaline solution to binder ratio increase the compressive strength of the mortars from 62.28 to 70.01 MPa at 62.50% to 100% alkaline/binder ratio, respectively. As well as, vfor the same alkaline/binder ratio the workability subsequently improves from 15 to 17.3mm.","PeriodicalId":502439,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The shallow buried section of a tunnel exit in Kangding transit section of Kangxin Expressway in Sichuan Province is affected by the combination of loads on the roof of the tunnel, resulting in deformation phenomenon, which affects the safety and stability of tunnel construction. Based on the theory of elastic-plastic mechanics, combined with finite element numerical simulation, the article analyzes the stress distribution characteristics, plastic zone development and deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock of this tunnel section under different load combinations, exposes the influence of load combinations on the deformation of the tunnel, and puts forward a solution for the deformation of the surrounding rock in the course of this tunnel construction. The results show that the stress at the foot of the tunnel is more concentrated in the early stage of tunnel excavation, and the stress at the foot of the tunnel produces a maximum value of stress, which gradually decreases from the foot of the arch to the top of the arch. The load combination has no significant effect on the stress concentration areas, but will significantly increase the stress values at the foot of the arch. After excavation, the plastic zone of peripheral rock appears at the location of the side wall. With the construction of the primary support, the primary support bears the lateral pressure of the peripheral rock and transmits the pressure of the peripheral rock to the foot of the tunnel primary support, and the plastic zone is then transferred to the peripheral rock at the bottom of the foot of the primary support. The greatest deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock occurs at the roof or bottom of the tunnel, and the amount of displacement increases continuously with the increase of load. For the deformation characteristics of the tunnel surrounding rock after tunnel excavation and after various types of loads are applied during the construction process, the deformation control measures to be taken under each working condition are proposed, and these measures have a positive effect on the stability of the tunnel structure.
{"title":"Study on the influence of roof load combination on deformation control of shallow buried tunnel section","authors":"Lin Zhang","doi":"10.56748/ejse.23544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56748/ejse.23544","url":null,"abstract":"The shallow buried section of a tunnel exit in Kangding transit section of Kangxin Expressway in Sichuan Province is affected by the combination of loads on the roof of the tunnel, resulting in deformation phenomenon, which affects the safety and stability of tunnel construction. Based on the theory of elastic-plastic mechanics, combined with finite element numerical simulation, the article analyzes the stress distribution characteristics, plastic zone development and deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock of this tunnel section under different load combinations, exposes the influence of load combinations on the deformation of the tunnel, and puts forward a solution for the deformation of the surrounding rock in the course of this tunnel construction. The results show that the stress at the foot of the tunnel is more concentrated in the early stage of tunnel excavation, and the stress at the foot of the tunnel produces a maximum value of stress, which gradually decreases from the foot of the arch to the top of the arch. The load combination has no significant effect on the stress concentration areas, but will significantly increase the stress values at the foot of the arch. After excavation, the plastic zone of peripheral rock appears at the location of the side wall. With the construction of the primary support, the primary support bears the lateral pressure of the peripheral rock and transmits the pressure of the peripheral rock to the foot of the tunnel primary support, and the plastic zone is then transferred to the peripheral rock at the bottom of the foot of the primary support. The greatest deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock occurs at the roof or bottom of the tunnel, and the amount of displacement increases continuously with the increase of load. For the deformation characteristics of the tunnel surrounding rock after tunnel excavation and after various types of loads are applied during the construction process, the deformation control measures to be taken under each working condition are proposed, and these measures have a positive effect on the stability of the tunnel structure.","PeriodicalId":502439,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Journal of Structural Engineering","volume":"1990 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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