Pub Date : 2024-07-16DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1454579
M. Foláyan, Joana Cunha-Cruz
{"title":"Editorial: Women in oral health promotion","authors":"M. Foláyan, Joana Cunha-Cruz","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1454579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1454579","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":502455,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1408181
Gustavo Fabián Molina, María Belén Cabalén, Juan Pablo Aranguren, Gustavo Ariel Pino, Michael Francis Burrow
To test the biological properties of a novel non-restorative treatment method for arresting dentin caries based on silver nanoclusters (AgNCls) synthesized in polymethacrylic acid (PMAA).Synthesis of AgNCls was performed by photoreduction of AgNO3 in PMAA with 355 nm/wavelength light. AgNCls/PMAA was characterized by absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy and optical and atomic force microscopy. The stability of the clusters in an aerated PMAA solution was evaluated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay and antibacterial effect was determined for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and colony forming (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). 38% Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) was used for the control groups.Chemical and structural identity of the clusters did not change within 9 months; Cell viability of 92%–89% was found after 24–48 h respectively. MIC and MBC were determined from 1:16 and 1:8 dilutions, respectively. Log CFU counts of S. mutans, and L. acidophilus treated with AgNCls/PMAA (3.4 ppm of silver) were significantly lower than in the control groups and even lower than when the same bacterial strains were treated with SDF (15,525 ppm of silver).AgNCls/PMAA presented chemical stability, acceptable cytotoxicity, and a potential antibacterial effect for strains associated with caries lesions at very low concentrations of silver.
{"title":"Biological properties of a novel solution based on silver nanoclusters for arresting dentin caries","authors":"Gustavo Fabián Molina, María Belén Cabalén, Juan Pablo Aranguren, Gustavo Ariel Pino, Michael Francis Burrow","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1408181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1408181","url":null,"abstract":"To test the biological properties of a novel non-restorative treatment method for arresting dentin caries based on silver nanoclusters (AgNCls) synthesized in polymethacrylic acid (PMAA).Synthesis of AgNCls was performed by photoreduction of AgNO3 in PMAA with 355 nm/wavelength light. AgNCls/PMAA was characterized by absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy and optical and atomic force microscopy. The stability of the clusters in an aerated PMAA solution was evaluated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay and antibacterial effect was determined for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and colony forming (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). 38% Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) was used for the control groups.Chemical and structural identity of the clusters did not change within 9 months; Cell viability of 92%–89% was found after 24–48 h respectively. MIC and MBC were determined from 1:16 and 1:8 dilutions, respectively. Log CFU counts of S. mutans, and L. acidophilus treated with AgNCls/PMAA (3.4 ppm of silver) were significantly lower than in the control groups and even lower than when the same bacterial strains were treated with SDF (15,525 ppm of silver).AgNCls/PMAA presented chemical stability, acceptable cytotoxicity, and a potential antibacterial effect for strains associated with caries lesions at very low concentrations of silver.","PeriodicalId":502455,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1375792
Neha Chauhan, Sarah Paul, U. Bhadauria, B. Purohit, Ritu Duggal, M. Barma, Deepali Agarwal, Anuradha Bhukal, S. Sasidharan, P. Shukla, Maroof Khan, Ramya Shenoy, S. Malhotra, H. Priya
Tobacco usage is a major global public health concern, contributing to millions of deaths annually. This study focuses on security guards, an occupational group facing unique challenges, to investigate tobacco prevalence, usage patterns, and associated oral health risks.A cross-sectional study was conducted among security guards at a Tertiary Health Care Centre, from October 2022 to February 2023. Data on demographics, tobacco habits, and comorbidities were collected via a structured questionnaire. Clinical oral examinations provisionally diagnosed Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) based on clinical findings. Appropriate Statistical analyses were employed.Among 696 security guards, 40.1% used tobacco, including 15.0% smokers and 74.5% engaging in smokeless tobacco. Additionally, 10.3% reported using both smoking and smokeless forms. Non-tobacco users accounted for 59.9%. Tobacco users showed a higher prevalence of OPMDs (11.4%) compared to non-tobacco users (1.4%).Security guards demonstrated a higher tobacco prevalence, with smokeless tobacco being predominant. Gender disparities in tobacco use emphasize the need for gender-specific interventions. The study highlights the significant impact of tobacco on oral health, especially the risk of OPMDs.A high prevalence of tobacco usage (40.1%), particularly smokeless tobacco, among security guards, emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions within this occupational group. Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) were significantly more prevalent (11.4%) in tobacco users. The association between tobacco usage and OPMDs reaffirms the well-established association between tobacco and adverse oral health outcomes.
{"title":"Investigating the association between tobacco use and oral health among security guards at a tertiary healthcare centre in New Delhi: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Neha Chauhan, Sarah Paul, U. Bhadauria, B. Purohit, Ritu Duggal, M. Barma, Deepali Agarwal, Anuradha Bhukal, S. Sasidharan, P. Shukla, Maroof Khan, Ramya Shenoy, S. Malhotra, H. Priya","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1375792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1375792","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco usage is a major global public health concern, contributing to millions of deaths annually. This study focuses on security guards, an occupational group facing unique challenges, to investigate tobacco prevalence, usage patterns, and associated oral health risks.A cross-sectional study was conducted among security guards at a Tertiary Health Care Centre, from October 2022 to February 2023. Data on demographics, tobacco habits, and comorbidities were collected via a structured questionnaire. Clinical oral examinations provisionally diagnosed Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) based on clinical findings. Appropriate Statistical analyses were employed.Among 696 security guards, 40.1% used tobacco, including 15.0% smokers and 74.5% engaging in smokeless tobacco. Additionally, 10.3% reported using both smoking and smokeless forms. Non-tobacco users accounted for 59.9%. Tobacco users showed a higher prevalence of OPMDs (11.4%) compared to non-tobacco users (1.4%).Security guards demonstrated a higher tobacco prevalence, with smokeless tobacco being predominant. Gender disparities in tobacco use emphasize the need for gender-specific interventions. The study highlights the significant impact of tobacco on oral health, especially the risk of OPMDs.A high prevalence of tobacco usage (40.1%), particularly smokeless tobacco, among security guards, emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions within this occupational group. Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) were significantly more prevalent (11.4%) in tobacco users. The association between tobacco usage and OPMDs reaffirms the well-established association between tobacco and adverse oral health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":502455,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141659007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1427060
Derek Oryniak, Meagan Brown, Lillie Cholakis, Reda Elgazzar
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) is a challenging and evolving aspect of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. In recent years, several medications apart from those traditionally associated with MRONJ such as bisphosphates (BPs) and Denosumab (DMB) have been implicated in bony necrosis of the jaw. This aim of this report is to demonstrate a significant case of bone necrosis following dental extractions on a patient being treated with infliximab therapy for Crohn's disease. Several cases in literature have reported MRONJ associated with infliximab but very few patients have developed as significant a form of the disease as seen in this report. Previous investigators have proposed pathophysiological pathways via which TNF-α inhibitors such as infliximab have a causative mechanism for MRONJ. When osteoclastic activity is restricted via these pathways, bone healing is impaired and MRONJ can occur. However, it remains a diagnostic challenge to differentiate between antiresorptive MRONJ and chronic osteomyelitis with bone necrosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency. This case aims to illustrate why the antiresorptive effects of TNF-α inhibitors need to be considered as a possible primary driver of bone necrosis in such patients.
{"title":"Case Report: Development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in a patient on long-term infliximab therapy","authors":"Derek Oryniak, Meagan Brown, Lillie Cholakis, Reda Elgazzar","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1427060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1427060","url":null,"abstract":"Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) is a challenging and evolving aspect of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. In recent years, several medications apart from those traditionally associated with MRONJ such as bisphosphates (BPs) and Denosumab (DMB) have been implicated in bony necrosis of the jaw. This aim of this report is to demonstrate a significant case of bone necrosis following dental extractions on a patient being treated with infliximab therapy for Crohn's disease. Several cases in literature have reported MRONJ associated with infliximab but very few patients have developed as significant a form of the disease as seen in this report. Previous investigators have proposed pathophysiological pathways via which TNF-α inhibitors such as infliximab have a causative mechanism for MRONJ. When osteoclastic activity is restricted via these pathways, bone healing is impaired and MRONJ can occur. However, it remains a diagnostic challenge to differentiate between antiresorptive MRONJ and chronic osteomyelitis with bone necrosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency. This case aims to illustrate why the antiresorptive effects of TNF-α inhibitors need to be considered as a possible primary driver of bone necrosis in such patients.","PeriodicalId":502455,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1425937
S. Bloch, Fiona F. Hager-Mair, Johanna Bacher, Markus B. Tomek, Bettina Janesch, O. Andrukhov, Christina Schäffer
Degradation of host proteins by bacterial proteases leads to the subversion of the host response and disruption of oral epithelial integrity, which is considered an essential factor in the progression of periodontitis. High-temperature requirement A (HtrA) protease, which is critical for bacterial survival and environmental adaptation, is found in several oral bacteria, including the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia. This study investigated the proteolytic activity of HtrA from T. forsythia and its ability to modulate the host response.HtrA of T. forsythia was identified bioinformatically and produced as a recombinant protein. T. forsythia mutants with depleted and restored HtrA production were constructed. The effect of T. forsythia wild-type, mutants and recombinant HtrA on the degradation of casein and E-cadherin was tested in vitro. Additionally, the responses of human gingival fibroblasts and U937 macrophages to the different HtrA-stimuli were investigated and compared to those triggered by the HtrA-deficient mutant.T. forsythia wild-type producing HtrA as well as the recombinant enzyme exhibited proteolytic activity towards casein and E-cadherin. No cytotoxic effect of either the wild-type, T. forsythia mutants or rHtrA on the viability of host cells was found. In hGFB and U937 macrophages, both T. forsythia species induced an inflammatory response of similar magnitude, as indicated by gene and protein expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. Recombinant HtrA had no significant effect on the inflammatory response in hGFBs, whereas in U937 macrophages, it induced a transient inflammatory response at the early stage of infection.HtrA of T. forsythia exhibit proteolytic activity towards the host adhesion molecule E-cadherin and has the potential to influence the host response. Its role in the progression of periodontitis needs further clarification.
{"title":"Investigating the role of a Tannerella forsythia HtrA protease in host protein degradation and inflammatory response","authors":"S. Bloch, Fiona F. Hager-Mair, Johanna Bacher, Markus B. Tomek, Bettina Janesch, O. Andrukhov, Christina Schäffer","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1425937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1425937","url":null,"abstract":"Degradation of host proteins by bacterial proteases leads to the subversion of the host response and disruption of oral epithelial integrity, which is considered an essential factor in the progression of periodontitis. High-temperature requirement A (HtrA) protease, which is critical for bacterial survival and environmental adaptation, is found in several oral bacteria, including the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia. This study investigated the proteolytic activity of HtrA from T. forsythia and its ability to modulate the host response.HtrA of T. forsythia was identified bioinformatically and produced as a recombinant protein. T. forsythia mutants with depleted and restored HtrA production were constructed. The effect of T. forsythia wild-type, mutants and recombinant HtrA on the degradation of casein and E-cadherin was tested in vitro. Additionally, the responses of human gingival fibroblasts and U937 macrophages to the different HtrA-stimuli were investigated and compared to those triggered by the HtrA-deficient mutant.T. forsythia wild-type producing HtrA as well as the recombinant enzyme exhibited proteolytic activity towards casein and E-cadherin. No cytotoxic effect of either the wild-type, T. forsythia mutants or rHtrA on the viability of host cells was found. In hGFB and U937 macrophages, both T. forsythia species induced an inflammatory response of similar magnitude, as indicated by gene and protein expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. Recombinant HtrA had no significant effect on the inflammatory response in hGFBs, whereas in U937 macrophages, it induced a transient inflammatory response at the early stage of infection.HtrA of T. forsythia exhibit proteolytic activity towards the host adhesion molecule E-cadherin and has the potential to influence the host response. Its role in the progression of periodontitis needs further clarification.","PeriodicalId":502455,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relationship between diabetes and dental caries remains uncertain. The main objective of this study was to quantify dental caries in children and adolescents with and without poorly-controlled diabetes to examine whether poorly-controlled diabetes influences caries prevalence and severity. This was a case-control study of children and adolescents with poorly-controlled diabetes and age-matched controls attending paediatric clinics at Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE in August 2022. Dental caries was diagnosed by visual examination and dental probing to derive total number of decayed, missing, and filled tooth or surface (DMFT/DMFS) indices. Differences in caries metrics between subjects with diabetes and controls were assessed using chi-squared or Mann Whitney U-tests. Fifty-seven children and adolescents without diabetes and 42 with poorly-controlled (HbA1c ≥ 7.5) diabetes were recruited. The median (interquartile range, IQR) DMFT index was 4 (5) and the DMFS index was 4 (11). There were no significant differences in DMFT % [14.0 (21.5) vs.13.0 (20.0); p = 0.602], DMFT index [4 (5) vs. 3 (6); p = 0.749], nor DMFS index [5 (12) vs. 4 (11); p = 0.484] between patients and controls. Diabetes either has no effect on caries risk or its effect is so small that it is masked by dominant risk factors such as diet and obesity that require addressing through robust public health measures. While poor glycaemic control does not appear to influence caries risk, diet and obesity remain serious and addressable risk factors affecting oral health.
糖尿病与龋齿之间的关系仍不确定。本研究的主要目的是量化患有和未患有糖尿病的儿童和青少年的龋齿情况，以研究糖尿病控制不佳是否会影响龋齿的患病率和严重程度。这是一项病例对照研究，研究对象是2022年8月在阿联酋阿布扎比谢赫-沙赫布特医疗城儿科诊所就诊的糖尿病控制不佳的儿童和青少年以及年龄匹配的对照组。龋齿通过肉眼检查和牙齿探查进行诊断，得出龋坏、缺失和填充牙齿或表面总数（DMFT/DMFS）指数。糖尿病患者与对照组之间的龋齿指标差异采用卡方检验或曼-惠特尼 U 检验进行评估。共招募了 57 名未患糖尿病的儿童和青少年以及 42 名糖尿病控制不佳（HbA1c ≥ 7.5）的儿童和青少年。DMFT指数的中位数（四分位数间距，IQR）为4（5），DMFS指数为4（11）。患者和对照组之间的 DMFT % [14.0 (21.5) vs. 13.0 (20.0); p = 0.602]、DMFT 指数 [4 (5) vs. 3 (6); p = 0.749]和 DMFS 指数 [5 (12) vs. 4 (11); p = 0.484]均无明显差异。糖尿病要么对龋齿风险没有影响，要么影响很小，以至于被饮食和肥胖等主要风险因素所掩盖，需要通过强有力的公共卫生措施加以解决。虽然血糖控制不佳似乎不会影响龋齿风险，但饮食和肥胖仍然是影响口腔健康的严重且可解决的风险因素。
{"title":"Dental caries in children and adolescents with poorly-controlled diabetes: a case-control study","authors":"Shahd ElBshari, Imrana Afrooz, Rasha Hassan Beck, Rama Watad, Nabras Al-Qahtani, Asma Deeb","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1401485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1401485","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between diabetes and dental caries remains uncertain. The main objective of this study was to quantify dental caries in children and adolescents with and without poorly-controlled diabetes to examine whether poorly-controlled diabetes influences caries prevalence and severity. This was a case-control study of children and adolescents with poorly-controlled diabetes and age-matched controls attending paediatric clinics at Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE in August 2022. Dental caries was diagnosed by visual examination and dental probing to derive total number of decayed, missing, and filled tooth or surface (DMFT/DMFS) indices. Differences in caries metrics between subjects with diabetes and controls were assessed using chi-squared or Mann Whitney U-tests. Fifty-seven children and adolescents without diabetes and 42 with poorly-controlled (HbA1c ≥ 7.5) diabetes were recruited. The median (interquartile range, IQR) DMFT index was 4 (5) and the DMFS index was 4 (11). There were no significant differences in DMFT % [14.0 (21.5) vs.13.0 (20.0); p = 0.602], DMFT index [4 (5) vs. 3 (6); p = 0.749], nor DMFS index [5 (12) vs. 4 (11); p = 0.484] between patients and controls. Diabetes either has no effect on caries risk or its effect is so small that it is masked by dominant risk factors such as diet and obesity that require addressing through robust public health measures. While poor glycaemic control does not appear to influence caries risk, diet and obesity remain serious and addressable risk factors affecting oral health.","PeriodicalId":502455,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1332298
M. Kaur, S. Shahid, N. Karpukhina, P. Anderson, F. S. L. Wong
Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) is a clinically used topical agent to arrest dental caries. However, the kinetics of its chemical interactions with hydroxyapatite (HA), the principal inorganic component of dental enamel, are not known. The aim was to characterize the step-wise chemical interactions between SDF and HA powder during the clinically important process of remineralization.Two grams of HA powder were immersed in 10 ml acetic acid pH = 4.0 for 2 h to mimic carious demineralization. The powder was then washed and dried for 24 h and mixed with 1.5 ml SDF (Riva Star) for 1 min. The treated powder was then air-dried for 3 min, and 0.2 g was removed and stored in individual tubes each containing 10 ml remineralizing solution. Powder was taken from each tube at various times of exposure to remineralization solution (0 min, 10 min, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 10 days), and characterized using Magic Angle Spinning-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy.19F MAS-NMR spectra showed that calcium fluoride (CaF2) started to form almost immediately after HA was in contact with SDF. After 24 h, the peak shifted to −104.5 ppm suggesting that fluoride substituted hydroxyapatite (FSHA) was formed with time at the expense of CaF2. The 31P MAS-NMR spectra showed a single peak at 2.7 ppm at all time points showing that the only phosphate species present was crystalline apatite. The 35Cl MAS-NMR spectra showed formation of silver chloride (AgCl) at 24 h. It was observed that after the scan, the whitish HA powder changed to black color. In conclusion, this time sequence study showed that under remineralization conditions, SDF initially reacted with HA to form CaF2 which is then transformed to FSHA over time. In the presence of chloride, AgCl is formed which is subsequently photo-reduced to black metallic silver.
{"title":"Characterization of chemical reactions of silver diammine fluoride and hydroxyapatite under remineralization conditions","authors":"M. Kaur, S. Shahid, N. Karpukhina, P. Anderson, F. S. L. Wong","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1332298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1332298","url":null,"abstract":"Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) is a clinically used topical agent to arrest dental caries. However, the kinetics of its chemical interactions with hydroxyapatite (HA), the principal inorganic component of dental enamel, are not known. The aim was to characterize the step-wise chemical interactions between SDF and HA powder during the clinically important process of remineralization.Two grams of HA powder were immersed in 10 ml acetic acid pH = 4.0 for 2 h to mimic carious demineralization. The powder was then washed and dried for 24 h and mixed with 1.5 ml SDF (Riva Star) for 1 min. The treated powder was then air-dried for 3 min, and 0.2 g was removed and stored in individual tubes each containing 10 ml remineralizing solution. Powder was taken from each tube at various times of exposure to remineralization solution (0 min, 10 min, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 10 days), and characterized using Magic Angle Spinning-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy.19F MAS-NMR spectra showed that calcium fluoride (CaF2) started to form almost immediately after HA was in contact with SDF. After 24 h, the peak shifted to −104.5 ppm suggesting that fluoride substituted hydroxyapatite (FSHA) was formed with time at the expense of CaF2. The 31P MAS-NMR spectra showed a single peak at 2.7 ppm at all time points showing that the only phosphate species present was crystalline apatite. The 35Cl MAS-NMR spectra showed formation of silver chloride (AgCl) at 24 h. It was observed that after the scan, the whitish HA powder changed to black color. In conclusion, this time sequence study showed that under remineralization conditions, SDF initially reacted with HA to form CaF2 which is then transformed to FSHA over time. In the presence of chloride, AgCl is formed which is subsequently photo-reduced to black metallic silver.","PeriodicalId":502455,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140085106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1298277
N. Potgieter, Gemma Bridge, Marlies Elfrink, M. Foláyan, Sherry S. Gao, S. Groisman, Ashwin Jawdekar, Arthur Musakulu Kemoli, David Lim, Phuong Ly, Shani A. Mani, Ray M. Masumo, Joana Monteiro, Marjorie K. Muasya, Ambrina Qureshi, Norman Tinanoff
Conducting oral treatment early in the disease course, is encouraged for better health outcomes. Obtaining informed consent is an essential part of medical practice, protecting the legal rights of patients and guiding the ethical practice of medicine. In practice, consent means different things in different contexts. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Silver Fluoride (SF) is becoming popular and cost effective methods to manage carious lesions, however, cause black discolouration of lesions treated. Obtaining informed consent and assent is crucial for any dental treatment—and has specific relevance with SDF/ SF treatments.The aim of this paper is to describe informed consent regulations for dental care in a selection of countries, focusing on children and patients with special health care needs. An online survey was shared with a convenience sample of dental professionals from 13 countries. The information was explored and the processes of consent were compared.Findings suggest that there are variations in terms of informed consent for medical practice. In Tanzania, South Africa, India, Kenya, Malaysia and Brazil age is the determining factor for competence and the ability to give self-consent. In other countries, other factors are considered alongside age. For example, in Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States the principle of Gillick Competence is applied. Many countries' laws and regulations do not specify when a dentist may overrule general consent to act in the “best interest” of the patient.It is recommended that it is clarified globally when a dentist may act in the “best interest” of the patient, and that guidance is produced to indicate what constitutes a dental emergency. The insights gathered provide insights on international practice of obtaining informed consent and to identify areas for change, to more efficient and ethical treatment for children and patients with special needs. A larger follow up study is recommended to include more or all countries.
鼓励在病程早期进行口腔治疗，以获得更好的健康效果。获得知情同意是医疗实践的重要组成部分，它保护患者的合法权益，并指导医疗实践的道德规范。实际上，同意在不同的情况下有不同的含义。二胺氟化银（SDF）和氟化银（SF）正成为治疗龋齿的流行且经济有效的方法，但会导致治疗后的病变变黑。获得知情同意和同意对于任何牙科治疗都是至关重要的，这与 SDF/ SF 治疗具有特殊的相关性。本文旨在介绍一些国家的牙科治疗知情同意规定，重点关注儿童和有特殊医疗保健需求的患者。本文对 13 个国家的牙科专业人员进行了在线调查。调查结果表明，在医疗实践的知情同意方面存在差异。在坦桑尼亚、南非、印度、肯尼亚、马来西亚和巴西，年龄是能力和自我同意能力的决定因素。在其他国家，除年龄外还考虑其他因素。例如，新加坡、英国和美国采用吉利克能力原则。许多国家的法律法规没有明确规定牙医何时可以推翻一般同意，以患者的 "最大利益 "为出发点行事。建议在全球范围内明确牙医何时可以以患者的 "最大利益 "为出发点行事，并制定指导意见，说明什么情况构成牙科急诊。收集到的信息为获得知情同意的国际惯例提供了启示，并确定了需要改变的领域，从而为儿童和有特殊需求的患者提供更高效、更合乎道德的治疗。建议开展更大规模的后续研究，以纳入更多或所有国家。
{"title":"A pilot study on the global practice of informed consent in paediatric dentistry","authors":"N. Potgieter, Gemma Bridge, Marlies Elfrink, M. Foláyan, Sherry S. Gao, S. Groisman, Ashwin Jawdekar, Arthur Musakulu Kemoli, David Lim, Phuong Ly, Shani A. Mani, Ray M. Masumo, Joana Monteiro, Marjorie K. Muasya, Ambrina Qureshi, Norman Tinanoff","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1298277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1298277","url":null,"abstract":"Conducting oral treatment early in the disease course, is encouraged for better health outcomes. Obtaining informed consent is an essential part of medical practice, protecting the legal rights of patients and guiding the ethical practice of medicine. In practice, consent means different things in different contexts. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Silver Fluoride (SF) is becoming popular and cost effective methods to manage carious lesions, however, cause black discolouration of lesions treated. Obtaining informed consent and assent is crucial for any dental treatment—and has specific relevance with SDF/ SF treatments.The aim of this paper is to describe informed consent regulations for dental care in a selection of countries, focusing on children and patients with special health care needs. An online survey was shared with a convenience sample of dental professionals from 13 countries. The information was explored and the processes of consent were compared.Findings suggest that there are variations in terms of informed consent for medical practice. In Tanzania, South Africa, India, Kenya, Malaysia and Brazil age is the determining factor for competence and the ability to give self-consent. In other countries, other factors are considered alongside age. For example, in Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States the principle of Gillick Competence is applied. Many countries' laws and regulations do not specify when a dentist may overrule general consent to act in the “best interest” of the patient.It is recommended that it is clarified globally when a dentist may act in the “best interest” of the patient, and that guidance is produced to indicate what constitutes a dental emergency. The insights gathered provide insights on international practice of obtaining informed consent and to identify areas for change, to more efficient and ethical treatment for children and patients with special needs. A larger follow up study is recommended to include more or all countries.","PeriodicalId":502455,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140088980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1346814
Kinan M. Al-Bitar, Jeffrey M. Garcia, Shengtong Han, A. Guentsch
Attachment loss due to periodontal diseases is associated with functional limitations as well as physical pain and psychological discomfort, which may lead to a reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study is to determine if the oral health status, specifically the periodontal status, influences oral health–related quality of life.Survey data were collected in a US dental school clinical setting in a cross-sectional study. Quality of life related to oral health was assessed with the Oral Health Impact Profile-49 (OHIP-49). In addition, DMFT index, periodontal status, and health literacy scores (dental and medical health literacy) were recorded, and the data of n = 97 subjects were statistically analyzed.The DMFT index of the study population was 14.98 ± 6.21 (D: 4.72 ± 4.77; M: 3.19 ± 3.46; F: 7.12 ± 4.62). Of the subjects, 44% were identified as periodontitis cases. These periodontitis cases demonstrated significantly higher OHIP-49 scores (66.93 ± 30.72) than subjects without signs of periodontal diseases (NP) (32.40 ± 19.27, p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference between NP patients and patients with gingivitis (66.24 ± 46.12, p < 0.05). It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between Stage 3 (severe) periodontitis and periodontal health (p = 0.003). Pearson correlations were completed, and positive relationships were found with OHIP-49 and DMFT (0.206, p < 0.05), and periodontal risk self-assessment (0.237, p < 0.05). Age [odds ratio (OR) 4.46], smoking (OR 2.67), and the presence of mobile teeth (OR 2.96) are associated with periodontitis.Periodontal diseases may negatively impact the oral health–related quality of life. Patients suffering from periodontitis also showed more missing teeth, which might influence function. Age and smoking are associated with a higher prevalence of periodontitis. A good general health literacy was no guarantee for having an adequate oral literacy.
{"title":"Association between periodontal health status and quality of life: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Kinan M. Al-Bitar, Jeffrey M. Garcia, Shengtong Han, A. Guentsch","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1346814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1346814","url":null,"abstract":"Attachment loss due to periodontal diseases is associated with functional limitations as well as physical pain and psychological discomfort, which may lead to a reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study is to determine if the oral health status, specifically the periodontal status, influences oral health–related quality of life.Survey data were collected in a US dental school clinical setting in a cross-sectional study. Quality of life related to oral health was assessed with the Oral Health Impact Profile-49 (OHIP-49). In addition, DMFT index, periodontal status, and health literacy scores (dental and medical health literacy) were recorded, and the data of n = 97 subjects were statistically analyzed.The DMFT index of the study population was 14.98 ± 6.21 (D: 4.72 ± 4.77; M: 3.19 ± 3.46; F: 7.12 ± 4.62). Of the subjects, 44% were identified as periodontitis cases. These periodontitis cases demonstrated significantly higher OHIP-49 scores (66.93 ± 30.72) than subjects without signs of periodontal diseases (NP) (32.40 ± 19.27, p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference between NP patients and patients with gingivitis (66.24 ± 46.12, p < 0.05). It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between Stage 3 (severe) periodontitis and periodontal health (p = 0.003). Pearson correlations were completed, and positive relationships were found with OHIP-49 and DMFT (0.206, p < 0.05), and periodontal risk self-assessment (0.237, p < 0.05). Age [odds ratio (OR) 4.46], smoking (OR 2.67), and the presence of mobile teeth (OR 2.96) are associated with periodontitis.Periodontal diseases may negatively impact the oral health–related quality of life. Patients suffering from periodontitis also showed more missing teeth, which might influence function. Age and smoking are associated with a higher prevalence of periodontitis. A good general health literacy was no guarantee for having an adequate oral literacy.","PeriodicalId":502455,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139595897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1278972
S. Min, D. Duangthip, S. Gao, Palinee Detsomboonrat
Children's oral health plays a crucial role in their overall well-being and there is a significant gap in our understanding of early childhood caries (ECC) in Myanmar. This study aims to bridge this knowledge deficit by investigating the prevalence, causes, and potential interventions for ECC in the Myanmar population, providing crucial insights for future dental health policies and practices.Generally healthy 5-year-old kindergarten children from 7 districts in city were recruited. ECC was assessed through clinical examinations using decayed, missed, filled teeth (dmft). Additionally, demographic data of the children and their caregivers, along with information about the children's oral health-related behaviors, were gathered using a structured questionnaire.Out of the 496 children, the overall prevalence of dental caries was 87.1% (mean dmft score: 5.57, SD: 4.6). Caries experience was categorized as severe (45.8%) and non-severe (41.3%). Decayed teeth constituted the major component of the dmft index (97.8%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed two significant factors associated with ECC prevalence: late toothbrushing initiation (OR: 2.54, p = 0.001) and dental visit experience (OR: 2.46, p = 0.010).The study highlights the alarming ECC prevalence in 5-year-old children in Mandalay, Myanmar, with mostly untreated decayed teeth. The findings emphasize early preventive oral health measures for young children to reduce ECC burden in Myanmar.
{"title":"Early childhood caries and its associated factors among 5-years-old Myanmar children","authors":"S. Min, D. Duangthip, S. Gao, Palinee Detsomboonrat","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1278972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1278972","url":null,"abstract":"Children's oral health plays a crucial role in their overall well-being and there is a significant gap in our understanding of early childhood caries (ECC) in Myanmar. This study aims to bridge this knowledge deficit by investigating the prevalence, causes, and potential interventions for ECC in the Myanmar population, providing crucial insights for future dental health policies and practices.Generally healthy 5-year-old kindergarten children from 7 districts in city were recruited. ECC was assessed through clinical examinations using decayed, missed, filled teeth (dmft). Additionally, demographic data of the children and their caregivers, along with information about the children's oral health-related behaviors, were gathered using a structured questionnaire.Out of the 496 children, the overall prevalence of dental caries was 87.1% (mean dmft score: 5.57, SD: 4.6). Caries experience was categorized as severe (45.8%) and non-severe (41.3%). Decayed teeth constituted the major component of the dmft index (97.8%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed two significant factors associated with ECC prevalence: late toothbrushing initiation (OR: 2.54, p = 0.001) and dental visit experience (OR: 2.46, p = 0.010).The study highlights the alarming ECC prevalence in 5-year-old children in Mandalay, Myanmar, with mostly untreated decayed teeth. The findings emphasize early preventive oral health measures for young children to reduce ECC burden in Myanmar.","PeriodicalId":502455,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oral Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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