Pub Date : 2021-02-10DOI: 10.1177/1744259120988745
N. Jensen, S. Bjarløv, C. Rode, B. Andersen, E. Møller
The study investigated the hygrothermal performance and risk of fungal growth in a phenolic foam system with a closed cell structure and a diffusion-open and capillary active lime-cork based insulating plaster, for internal retrofitting purposes. The setup comprised two 40-feet (12.2 m) insulated reefer container with controlled indoor climate, reconfigured with 24 holes (1 × 2 m each) containing solid masonry walls with embedded wooden elements on the interior side. Focus was on the conditions in the masonry/insulation interface and embedded wooden elements, and the performance of the two systems were compared to three diffusion-open insulation systems and one diffusion-tight. The effect of exterior hydrophobisation was also investigated. Relative humidity and temperature were measured in several locations in the test walls over 2½ years, and the risk of fungal growth was evaluated by on-site measurements and the VTT mould-growth model. The findings indicate that internally insulated walls with bare brick exterior surfaces performed poorly with high risk of fungal growth. The effect of exterior hydrophobisation was found to vary with the orientation and the installed insulation system, with a generally positive effect on walls facing south-west but limited effect for north-east. Furthermore, the more diffusion-tight insulation systems were found to perform better in combination with exterior hydrophobisation than the highly diffusion-open systems. The lime-cork insulating plaster showed high relative humidity and risk of moisture-induced problems. The on-site fungal tests showed no growth in the masonry/insulation interface inside the two insulation systems, probably due to high initial pH-value.
{"title":"Hygrothermal performance of six insulation systems for internal retrofitting solid masonry walls","authors":"N. Jensen, S. Bjarløv, C. Rode, B. Andersen, E. Møller","doi":"10.1177/1744259120988745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1744259120988745","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the hygrothermal performance and risk of fungal growth in a phenolic foam system with a closed cell structure and a diffusion-open and capillary active lime-cork based insulating plaster, for internal retrofitting purposes. The setup comprised two 40-feet (12.2 m) insulated reefer container with controlled indoor climate, reconfigured with 24 holes (1 × 2 m each) containing solid masonry walls with embedded wooden elements on the interior side. Focus was on the conditions in the masonry/insulation interface and embedded wooden elements, and the performance of the two systems were compared to three diffusion-open insulation systems and one diffusion-tight. The effect of exterior hydrophobisation was also investigated. Relative humidity and temperature were measured in several locations in the test walls over 2½ years, and the risk of fungal growth was evaluated by on-site measurements and the VTT mould-growth model. The findings indicate that internally insulated walls with bare brick exterior surfaces performed poorly with high risk of fungal growth. The effect of exterior hydrophobisation was found to vary with the orientation and the installed insulation system, with a generally positive effect on walls facing south-west but limited effect for north-east. Furthermore, the more diffusion-tight insulation systems were found to perform better in combination with exterior hydrophobisation than the highly diffusion-open systems. The lime-cork insulating plaster showed high relative humidity and risk of moisture-induced problems. The on-site fungal tests showed no growth in the masonry/insulation interface inside the two insulation systems, probably due to high initial pH-value.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":"539 - 573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81746773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-09DOI: 10.1177/1744259120988760
M. Defo, M. Lacasse, A. Laouadi
The objective of this work was to compare the hygrothermal responses and the moisture performance of four wood-frame walls as predicted by four hygrothermal (HAM) simulation tools, namely: DELPHIN, WUFI, hygIRC and COMSOL. The four wall systems differ only in their cladding type; these were fibreboard, vinyl, stucco and brick. Three Canadian cities having different climates were selected for simulations: Ottawa, Ontario; Vancouver, British Columbia and Calgary, Alberta. In each city, simulations were run for 2 years. Temperature and relative humidity of the outer layer of OSB sheathing were compared amongst the four simulation tools. The mould growth index on the outer layer of the OSB sheathing was used to compare the moisture performance predicted by the respective hygrothermal simulation tools. Temperature profiles of the outer layer of the OSB sheathing were all in good agreement for the four HAM tools in the three locations. For relative humidity, the highest discrepancies amongst the four tools were found with stucco cladding where differences as high as 20% could be found from time to time. Mould growth indices predicted by the four HAM tools were similar in some cases but different in other cases. The discrepancies amongst the different HAM tools were likely related to: the material property processing, how the quantity of wind-driven rain absorbed at the cladding surface is computed and some implementation details. Despite these discrepancies, The tools generally yielded consistent results and could be used for comparing the impacts of different designs on the risk of premature deterioration, as well as for evaluating the relative effects of climate change on a given wall assembly design.
{"title":"A comparison of hygrothermal simulation results derived from four simulation tools","authors":"M. Defo, M. Lacasse, A. Laouadi","doi":"10.1177/1744259120988760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1744259120988760","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to compare the hygrothermal responses and the moisture performance of four wood-frame walls as predicted by four hygrothermal (HAM) simulation tools, namely: DELPHIN, WUFI, hygIRC and COMSOL. The four wall systems differ only in their cladding type; these were fibreboard, vinyl, stucco and brick. Three Canadian cities having different climates were selected for simulations: Ottawa, Ontario; Vancouver, British Columbia and Calgary, Alberta. In each city, simulations were run for 2 years. Temperature and relative humidity of the outer layer of OSB sheathing were compared amongst the four simulation tools. The mould growth index on the outer layer of the OSB sheathing was used to compare the moisture performance predicted by the respective hygrothermal simulation tools. Temperature profiles of the outer layer of the OSB sheathing were all in good agreement for the four HAM tools in the three locations. For relative humidity, the highest discrepancies amongst the four tools were found with stucco cladding where differences as high as 20% could be found from time to time. Mould growth indices predicted by the four HAM tools were similar in some cases but different in other cases. The discrepancies amongst the different HAM tools were likely related to: the material property processing, how the quantity of wind-driven rain absorbed at the cladding surface is computed and some implementation details. Despite these discrepancies, The tools generally yielded consistent results and could be used for comparing the impacts of different designs on the risk of premature deterioration, as well as for evaluating the relative effects of climate change on a given wall assembly design.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"23 1","pages":"432 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78127917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-11DOI: 10.1177/1744259120984187
F. Fedorik, S. Alitalo, J. Savolainen, Ilkka Räinä, Kimmo Illikainen
Analyses of hygrothermal conditions in low-energy houses is important because of their likely sensitivity for excessive moisture. The presented work deals with real-time measurement of temperature and relative humidity at multiple locations inside a low-energy house envelope. The measured data allows diagnosing approaches towards building design and understanding and evaluating the house performance. Suitability and accuracy of numerical computation was analysed. The Finnish mould growth model was used to monitor risk and extent of mould growth under measured and computed conditions. The measured conditions represent more favourable environment to avoid mould growth than the design values recommended by national and international guidelines. There was no mould growth indicated at any monitored points of the envelope. Monitoring the hygrothermal conditions provides valuable information about the performance of structural elements, building material and the house envelope and it helps to predict moisture related risks during the building’s service life.
{"title":"Analysis of hygrothermal performance of low-energy house in Nordic climate","authors":"F. Fedorik, S. Alitalo, J. Savolainen, Ilkka Räinä, Kimmo Illikainen","doi":"10.1177/1744259120984187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1744259120984187","url":null,"abstract":"Analyses of hygrothermal conditions in low-energy houses is important because of their likely sensitivity for excessive moisture. The presented work deals with real-time measurement of temperature and relative humidity at multiple locations inside a low-energy house envelope. The measured data allows diagnosing approaches towards building design and understanding and evaluating the house performance. Suitability and accuracy of numerical computation was analysed. The Finnish mould growth model was used to monitor risk and extent of mould growth under measured and computed conditions. The measured conditions represent more favourable environment to avoid mould growth than the design values recommended by national and international guidelines. There was no mould growth indicated at any monitored points of the envelope. Monitoring the hygrothermal conditions provides valuable information about the performance of structural elements, building material and the house envelope and it helps to predict moisture related risks during the building’s service life.","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"52 1","pages":"344 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87116823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67372-7_8
M. Pinterić
{"title":"Illumination","authors":"M. Pinterić","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-67372-7_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67372-7_8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87589713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57484-4_3
M. Pinterić
{"title":"Heat Transfer in Building Components","authors":"M. Pinterić","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-57484-4_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57484-4_3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79624913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57484-4_5
M. Pinterić
{"title":"Basics of Waves","authors":"M. Pinterić","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-57484-4_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57484-4_5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75466531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67372-7_2
M. Pinterić
{"title":"Heat Transfer","authors":"M. Pinterić","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-67372-7_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67372-7_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75577653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57484-4_4
M. Pinterić
{"title":"Moisture in Building Components","authors":"M. Pinterić","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-57484-4_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57484-4_4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80641359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57484-4_1
M. Pinterić
{"title":"Basics of Thermodynamics","authors":"M. Pinterić","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-57484-4_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57484-4_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85290975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-48830-9_4
M. Pinterić
{"title":"Sound Propagation","authors":"M. Pinterić","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-48830-9_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48830-9_4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Building Physics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85510685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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