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Im/Mobilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from International Graduate Students Studying in the Southern United States COVID-19 大流行期间的影响/行动:在美国南部学习的国际研究生的观点
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3390/educsci14080858
Christina W. Yao, Kaitlyn Hall, Simone Gause, Leslie Jo Shelton
The background of this study is situated within the COVID-19 pandemic as an acute challenge with chronic issues that international graduate students have faced continuously. With the pandemic serving as a critical incident, we highlight the political, systemic, and personal fragilities of international graduate students studying in the southern United States. The methods for our study were informed by a narrative inquiry approach combined with a systematic literature review to connect with the conceptual framework of Avison and Turner’s chronic strains and Robertson’s conception of timescales. The findings highlight three broad themes: shifting immigration policies and travel uncertainty, institutional responses, and mental health stressors and personal concerns. The study conclusions illuminate suggestions for institutions and policymakers, including clarifying policies, communicating better with international graduate students, and providing tailored counseling support. These suggestions are significant for improving international graduate students’ well-being in the face of any acute issues that may arise in the future.
本研究的背景是 COVID-19 大流行病,它是国际研究生一直面临的具有长期问题的严峻挑战。以大流行病为关键事件,我们强调了在美国南部学习的国际研究生在政治、制度和个人方面的脆弱性。我们的研究方法采用了叙事调查法,并结合了系统的文献综述,与艾维森和特纳的 "慢性压力 "概念框架以及罗伯逊的 "时间尺度 "概念相联系。研究结果突出了三大主题:移民政策的变化和旅行的不确定性、机构的应对措施以及心理健康压力和个人担忧。研究结论为院校和政策制定者提出了一些建议,包括明确政策、更好地与国际研究生沟通以及提供量身定制的咨询支持。这些建议对于提高国际研究生在面对未来可能出现的任何尖锐问题时的幸福感具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Alleviating Barriers Facing Students on the Boundaries of STEM Makerspaces 消除学生在 STEM 创客空间中面临的障碍
Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3390/educsci14070772
Madison E. Andrews, Audrey Boklage
Makerspaces have become an increasingly prevalent supplement to K-16 STEM education, and especially so in undergraduate engineering programs. However, they also fall prey to hegemonic, marginalizing norms common in STEM spaces and, ultimately, the modern making movement has remained a white, male, middle-class pursuit. Despite calls to broaden student participation in makerspaces due to the benefits of participation, there has been no examination of why some students choose not to visit these spaces. We surveyed (n = 151) and interviewed (n = 17) undergraduate STEM students to understand the barriers facing students before and during their initial participation. Using the lens of Social Boundary Spaces, we identified six barriers to successfully crossing the boundary into the makerspace, including: (1) not having enough time, (2) not feeling you have a purpose for visiting, and (3) not knowing how to obtain the proper certifications. Further, students find approaching makerspaces to be intimidating because of (4) the design of the space and (5) the perceived technical skillset of the students there. Notably, non-dominant students face a multitude of (6) barriers corresponding with their social identities. We conclude with recommendations relevant to educators, makerspace administrators, and engineering leadership for alleviating barriers and supporting students’ involvement in STEM makerspaces.
创客空间已日益成为 K-16 STEM 教育的补充,尤其是在本科工程学课程中。然而,它们也受到STEM空间中常见的霸权、边缘化规范的影响,最终,现代制作运动仍然是白人、男性、中产阶级的追求。尽管由于参与创客空间的好处,人们呼吁扩大学生参与创客空间的范围,但却没有研究过为什么有些学生选择不去这些空间。我们调查了(n = 151)并采访了(n = 17)STEM 本科生,以了解学生在初次参与之前和期间所面临的障碍。利用社会边界空间的视角,我们发现了成功跨越边界进入创客空间的六大障碍,包括:(1)没有足够的时间;(2)不觉得自己有访问的目的;(3)不知道如何获得适当的认证。此外,学生认为接近创客空间令人生畏的原因还包括:(4)空间的设计;(5)学生的技术能力。值得注意的是,非主流学生面临着与其社会身份相对应的多种(6)障碍。最后,我们向教育工作者、创客空间管理者和工程领导层提出了相关建议,以减少障碍并支持学生参与 STEM 创客空间。
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引用次数: 0
Young Children’s Play and the Role of Grandparents as Play Partners during the COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19 大流行期间幼儿的游戏和祖父母作为游戏伙伴的作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3390/educsci14070771
A. Keary, S. Garvis, Y. Slaughter, Lucas Walsh
Play involves diverse meaning-making for young children and grandparents. This paper derives from a larger intergenerational family practices project conducted in Australia during 2021–2022 against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team undertook intergenerational group interviews and filmed family play activities in addition to collecting videoclips and photos of young children’s play from six families. In this paper, vignettes from two families are described and given meaning. Rogoff’s social learning three planes theory involving the intertwined and interdependent—‘personal’, ‘interpersonal’, and ‘community’—planes is used to analyse the data. Our findings show the important role that grandparents play in facilitating children’s learning including through the creation of linguistic and cultural heritage play spaces. We argue that intergenerational play practices can offer a means to integrate linguistic and cultural experiences in young children’s lives by providing a space and time for social interaction and learning.
游戏涉及幼儿和祖父母的不同意义建构。本文源于 2021-2022 年期间在 COVID-19 大流行的背景下在澳大利亚开展的一个大型代际家庭实践项目。研究小组进行了代际小组访谈,并拍摄了家庭游戏活动,此外还收集了六个家庭的幼儿游戏录像和照片。本文将对两个家庭的小故事进行描述并赋予其意义。罗格夫的社会学习三平面理论涉及相互交织和相互依存的 "个人"、"人际 "和 "社区 "平面,本文采用这一理论来分析数据。我们的研究结果表明,祖父母在促进儿童学习方面发挥着重要作用,包括通过创造语言和文化遗产游戏空间。我们认为,代际游戏实践可以通过提供社交互动和学习的空间和时间,将语言和文化经验融入幼儿的生活中。
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引用次数: 0
Framework for Implementing Improvement Science in a School District to Support Institutionalized Improvement 在学区实施改进科学以支持制度化改进的框架
Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.3390/educsci14070770
Erin Anderson, Katheleen M. W. Cunningham, Jayson W. Richardson
This paper presents a framework for implementing improvement science in a district or educational organization. Findings from interviews with 17 experienced educational improvers indicate critical elements for a school district to effectively support and build the capacity of individuals and teams situated at multiple levels in the district in organizing, implementing, and sustaining improvement science methods. Utilizing a systems-thinking approach, this study conceptualizes how to institutionalize improvement science across an educational organization. To institutionalize the use of improvement science, district leaders must center schools and integrate the work in existing structures, offer support, and create coaching, growth management, and knowledge management plans.
本文介绍了在学区或教育组织中实施改进科学的框架。对 17 位经验丰富的教育改进者的访谈结果表明,学区在组织、实施和维持改进科学方法时,有效支持和建设学区多层次个人和团队能力的关键要素。本研究利用系统思维方法,对如何在整个教育组织中实现改进科学的制度化进行了构思。要使改进科学的使用制度化,学区领导必须以学校为中心,将工作整合到现有结构中,提供支持,并制定辅导、成长管理和知识管理计划。
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引用次数: 0
Professional Support in Teaching Mathematics through Guided Discovery: The Role of Agency on Multiple Levels 通过引导发现进行数学教学的专业支持:机构在多个层面的作用
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/educsci14070769
Péter Juhász, Réka Szász, Gábor Szűcs, Eszter Varga
The paper describes a case study of mentoring support provided to a novice mathematics teacher in using Guided Discovery in her classroom. The study used qualitative methods: thematic analysis of interviews and discussions. A central theme that emerged in the results was agency, and we observed that the high level of student and teacher agency in Guided Discovery results in the importance of teacher agency within and over the mentoring framework. We conclude that when supporting teachers in using Guided Discovery in their mathematics classrooms, teacher educators need to put an increased focus on teacher agency within and over the mentoring process.
本文介绍了一项案例研究,研究内容是指导一名数学新手教师在课堂上使用 "引导发现 "教学法。研究采用了定性方法:对访谈和讨论进行主题分析。我们注意到,"引导式发现 "教学中学生和教师的高度能动性导致了教师在指导框架内和指导框架之上的能动性的重要性。我们的结论是,在支持教师在数学课堂中使用 "引导式发现 "教学时,教师教育者需要更加关注教师在指导过程中的能动性。
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引用次数: 0
The Journey to Graduate School: An Exploration of First-Generation Latine Students’ Transmission of Knowledge to Capital 研究生院之旅:第一代拉丁语系学生将知识转化为资本的探索
Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.3390/educsci14070768
Amanda Carrasco
Graduate education often serves as an opportunity for Latine students to leverage their social, familial, and cultural capital as an avenue for increased economic prosperity. However, the journey to pursue a graduate education can be challenging as students often have to navigate multiple roles and identities that lead to feelings of guilt, separation, and stress. Therefore, this study expands our understanding of the familial role in Latine students’ development of graduate school aspirations through the following research question: how do first-generation Latine students (FGLSs) activate funds of knowledge within familial contexts and transmit them into capital as tools to develop their graduate school aspirations? Utilizing plática methodology and educational journey mapping, I explore how five FGLSs draw upon their funds of knowledge from familial contexts and activate it into linguistic, aspirational, and familial capital on their journey to graduate school. The findings highlight FGLSs’ motivations to attend graduate school with a focus on the activation of funds of knowledge from familial contexts to capital as primary contributors in their development of graduate school aspirations.
研究生教育往往是拉丁裔学生利用其社会、家庭和文化资本来增加经济繁荣的一个机会。然而,接受研究生教育的过程可能是充满挑战的,因为学生往往需要扮演多重角色和身份,从而产生负罪感、分离感和压力感。因此,本研究通过以下研究问题来扩展我们对家庭在拉丁裔学生发展研究生院志向中的作用的理解:第一代拉丁裔学生(FGLSs)如何在家庭背景下激活知识基金,并将其转化为资本,作为发展研究生院志向的工具?通过运用 plática 方法和教育历程图,我探讨了五位拉丁语系第一代学生是如何从家庭环境中汲取知识,并将其转化为语言、抱负和家庭资本,从而实现自己的研究生学业的。研究结果强调了 FGLS 上研究生院的动机,并重点关注了从家庭背景到资本的知识基金的激活,这也是他们发展研究生院志向的主要因素。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping the Landscape of Data Science Education in Higher General Education in Taiwan: A Comprehensive Syllabi Analysis 绘制台湾高等通识教育中的数据科学教育图景:综合教学大纲分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3390/educsci14070763
Yu-Chia Hsu
The evolving landscape of data science education poses challenges for instructors in general education classes. With the expansion of higher education dedicated to cultivating data scientists, integrating data science education into university curricula has become imperative. However, addressing diverse student backgrounds underscores the need for a systematic review of course content and design. This study systematically reviews 60 data science courses syllabi in general education across all universities in Taiwan. Utilizing content analysis, bibliometric, and text-mining methodologies, this study quantifies key metrics found within syllabi, including instructional materials, assessment techniques, learning objectives, and covered topics. The study highlights infrequent textbook sharing, with particular focus on Python programming. Assessment methods primarily involve participation, assignments, and projects. Analysis of Bloom’s Taxonomy suggests a focus on moderate complexity learning objectives. The topics covered prioritize big data competency, analytical techniques, programming competency, and teaching strategies in descending order. This study makes a valuable contribution to the current knowledge by tackling the challenge of delineating the specific content of data science. It also provides valuable references for potentially streamlining the integration of multiple disciplines within introductory courses while ensuring flexibility for students with varying programming and statistical proficiencies in the realm of data science education.
不断发展的数据科学教育为普通教育课程的教师带来了挑战。随着致力于培养数据科学家的高等教育不断扩大,将数据科学教育纳入大学课程已势在必行。然而,针对不同的学生背景,强调了对课程内容和设计进行系统审查的必要性。本研究系统回顾了台湾所有大学的 60 门通识教育数据科学课程的教学大纲。利用内容分析、文献计量学和文本挖掘方法,本研究量化了教学大纲中的关键指标,包括教学材料、评估技术、学习目标和涵盖的主题。研究强调了不常见的教科书共享,尤其关注 Python 编程。评估方法主要包括参与、作业和项目。对布鲁姆分类学的分析表明,学习目标侧重于中等复杂程度。所涵盖的主题从高到低依次为大数据能力、分析技术、编程能力和教学策略。本研究应对了划分数据科学具体内容的挑战,为现有知识做出了宝贵贡献。它还为简化入门课程中多个学科的整合提供了有价值的参考,同时确保了数据科学教育领域中具有不同编程和统计能力的学生的灵活性。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Validation of Perception of Wisdom Exploratory Rating Scale: An Instrument to Examine Teachers’ Perceptions of Wisdom 智慧感知探索性评分量表的开发与验证:考察教师智慧感知的工具
Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/educsci14050542
Sareh Karami, Andy Parra-Martinez, M. Ghahremani, Marcia Gentry
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Perception of Wisdom Exploratory Rating Scale based on the Polyhedron Model of Wisdom (PMW). A total number of 585 responses from in-service and preservice teachers was collected. In the EFA, the items fit a seven-factor structure, producing the following subscales: knowledge management, self-regulation, moral maturity, openness, tolerance, sound judgment, and creative thinking. CFA was performed to test the construct validity of the scale. The model produced a good fit to the data (χ2/df = 1.67, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.049, and SRMR = 0.06). With continued testing and revisions, this instrument could be useful for the cross-cultural comparison of perceptions of wisdom and identification of barriers to promoting wisdom instruction.
本研究旨在开发和验证基于多面体智慧模型(PMW)的 "智慧感知探索性评分量表"。研究共收集了 585 份在职教师和职前教师的答卷。在 EFA 中,项目符合七因素结构,产生了以下子量表:知识管理、自我调节、道德成熟、开放、宽容、正确判断和创造性思维。为了检验量表的建构效度,我们进行了 CFA 检验。模型与数据拟合良好(χ2/df = 1.67、CFI = 0.92、TLI = 0.91、RMSEA = 0.049 和 SRMR = 0.06)。经过不断的测试和修订,该工具可用于跨文化智慧观念的比较,以及识别促进智慧教学的障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Annotating Throughout or Annotating Afterward: Preservice Teachers’ Experiences with the ANNOTO Hyper-Video in Blended Learning 全程注释还是事后注释?在职教师在混合式学习中使用 ANNOTO 超级视频的体验
Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/educsci14050543
Liat Biberman-Shalev
This study aims to explore the perspectives of pre-service teachers (PSTs) regarding their experiences with the ANNOTO personal note feature within a blended learning (BL) context. Employing qualitative research methods, the analysis incorporates reflections from 45 PSTs, insights derived from two focus groups, and data gathered through semi-structured interviews. The objective is to comprehend how PSTs engaged with ANNOTO’s personal note during their learning experiences and how they perceived its role in shaping their professional development. The findings underscore a predominantly positive experience among PSTs, with their perceptions linked to heightened motivation and meaningful learning. Additionally, the study identified three distinct annotating styles—annotating throughout watching, annotating after watching, and a combination of both—each associated with enhanced concentration, memory prompting, and improved writing skills. Furthermore, PSTs articulated professional insights related to teacher and student agency, encompassing themes such as the use of video as a teaching tool, active learning, self-directed learning, scaffolding, critical thinking, and temporal considerations aligned with students’ needs. The principal implications center on the necessity of engaging in discussions with PSTs regarding the integration of hyper-video and the pedagogical approaches it may endorse.
本研究旨在探讨职前教师(PSTs)在混合式学习(BL)背景下使用 ANNOTO 个人笔记功能的体验。本研究采用定性研究方法,分析了 45 名职前教师的反思、两个焦点小组的见解以及通过半结构式访谈收集的数据。目的是了解专业技术人员在其学习经历中如何使用 ANNOTO 个人笔记,以及他们如何看待该笔记在塑造其专业发展中的作用。研究结果表明,专业技术人员的体验主要是积极的,他们认为这与提高积极性和有意义的学习有关。此外,研究还发现了三种不同的批注方式--在观看过程中批注、在观看后批注以及两者结合--每种方式都与提高注意力、记忆提示和写作技巧的提高有关。此外,专业技术人员还阐述了与教师和学生代理有关的专业见解,其中包括将视频作为教学工具、主动学习、自主学习、支架、批判性思维以及与学生需求相一致的时间考虑等主题。其主要意义在于,有必要就超视频的整合及其可能支持的教学方法与专业技术人员进行讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding School Leadership’s Influence on Teacher Retention in High-Poverty Settings: An Exploratory Study in the U.S. 了解学校领导对高度贫困环境中教师留任的影响:美国的一项探索性研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/educsci14050545
Chad R. Lochmiller, Frank Perrone, Chris Finley
Research has identified principal leadership as one of the most salient school-level predictors of teacher retention. However, the survey-based quantitative nature and specific survey questions used in this research make it difficult to discern which leadership behaviors or approaches contribute most to teacher retention. As a result, school leaders and those responsible for preparing and/or employing them lack clear, research-based information about specific practices that could be effectively utilized, particularly in high-poverty schools. This qualitative case study, set in a high-poverty U. S. elementary school with high retention rates, utilized Simon and Johnson’s (2015) framework of how principal behaviors that increase teacher retention in the quantitative research are exhibited in under-resourced schools. The study generates qualitative understandings of how a principal’s actions contributed to retention by reaffirming a mission to serve high-poverty students, recognizing teachers for their work, developing and fostering within-faculty relationships, strengthening relationships with families, and providing disciplinary support. In doing so, the study also provides support for an existing framework for leading for retention and insights into how these actions may influence or be seen in survey responses used in survey-based research.
研究发现,校长领导力是学校层面预测教师留任率的最显著因素之一。然而,本研究以调查为基础的定量性质和所使用的具体调查问题,使我们很难辨别哪些领导行为或方法对教师留任最有帮助。因此,学校领导和那些负责培养和/或聘用他们的人缺乏明确的、以研究为基础的信息,无法了解可以有效利用的具体做法,尤其是在高度贫困的学校。本定性案例研究以美国一所留任率较高的贫困小学为背景,采用了西蒙和约翰逊(2015)的框架,即定量研究中能提高教师留任率的校长行为如何在资源不足的学校中表现出来。该研究通过重申为贫困学生服务的使命、表彰教师的工作、发展和培养教师内部关系、加强与家庭的关系以及提供纪律支持,对校长的行为如何促进教师留任产生了定性的理解。在此过程中,本研究还为现有的领导留任框架提供了支持,并深入探讨了这些行动如何影响或体现在基于调查研究的问卷答复中。
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引用次数: 0
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