Israel Medical Association Journal最新文献

Background: One of the major causes of reversible visual impairment is a refractive error, which can be corrected through refractive surgery. Data regarding the outcomes and complications of these procedures exist; however, there is a notable gap in understanding the factors leading to patient rejection, particularly in diverse populations like Israel.

Objectives: To detect clinical risk factors of patients who intend to undergo LASIK procedure and to improve the conversion rates of LASIK procedure in this population.

Methods: The study included a retrospective analysis of patients who were rejected from having refractive surgery in two Enaim Refractive Surgery Centers: Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. Comparisons between centers were conducted using the t-test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical data.

Results: Our study included 337 patients who were rejected from having refractive surgery, including 152 (45.1%) who were rejected permanently and 185 (54.9%) rejected temporarily. The most common reasons for permanent rejection were corneal irregularity (n=81, 53.3%), keratoconus (n=27, 17.8%), thin corneas (n=13, 8.6%), and amblyopia (n=10, 6.6%). The most common temporary reasons were unstable refraction (n=96, 51.9%), prolonged use of contact lenses (n=54, 29.2%), and corneal irregularity (n=16, 8.6%).

Conclusions: The leading permanent cause of rejection for refractive surgery was a corneal irregularity, whereas the primary temporary cause was unstable refraction. In a time of rapid technological advancements and growing demand for freedom from glasses, there is an increasing need for more informed and patient-focused refractive correction approaches.

Background: Little is known about audiovestibular function in psoriasis, a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that affects 2% of the world's population.

Objectives: To investigate audiovestibular function in patients with psoriasis.

Methods: In this prospective case-control trial, we enrolled 33 patients with psoriasis and 30 healthy controls. Audiologic testing included audiometry, tympanometry, and otoacoustic emissions recording. The vestibular investigation consisted of a dizziness handicap inventory questionnaire, a complete clinical vestibular examination, and video head impulse testing.

Results: The psoriasis group showed significantly higher average hearing thresholds in both ears at all frequencies. Otoacoustic measurements differed significantly at 3000 Hz in the right (P = 0.026) and left ear (P = 0.034). The average dizziness handicap score was considerably higher in the psoriasis group, with a mean difference of 7.70 (P = 0.025). The number of patients with abnormal right anterior semicircular canal gain values was significantly higher in the psoriasis group (P = 0.047). Saccade analysis in the psoriasis group showed significantly higher number of patients with covert corrective saccades of the left posterior canal (P = 0.037) and significantly higher number of patients with abnormal interaural difference of corrective saccades in the plane of the right anterior-left posterior canals (P = 0.035).

Conclusions: The study demonstrates an association between psoriasis and audiovestibular impairment, which can affect quality of life. These results suggest that patients with psoriasis may be evaluated with audiometry for possible hearing loss. Vestibular testing may be pursued as clinically indicated.

Background: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on patient populations can be divided to direct consequences of the disease and indirect implications of changes imposed on the national healthcare systems. The impact of the later survival of chronic hemodialysis patients is still unknown.

Objectives: To examine the impact of quarantine on health outcomes of dialysis patients.

Methods: In a retrospective case-controlled study, we compared chronic hemodialysis patients from two separate timeframes: during a quarantine period and a parallel time without quarantine.

Results: The study included 344 hemodialysis patients. Baseline characteristics were compared between those enrolled in 2015 and those enrolled in 2020. Despite comparable clinical parameters, a statistically significant increase in the 6-month mortality rate was observed in 2020 (1.2% vs. 6.7%, P = 0.01), primarily attributed to sepsis. Notably, no deaths were attributed to COVID-19 in 2020. Interdialytic weight gain and dialysis quality remained similar between the two groups, with a mild trend toward excessive weight gain in 2020. Secondary outcomes after 6 months did not significantly differ, except for lower sodium values in 2015 compared to 2020.

Conclusions: Dialysis patients experienced disproportionate effects from the COVID-19 pandemic, even with continuous care and no direct virus-related fatalities. The findings showed unintended consequences of quarantine measures, highlighting adverse impact on both physical and mental health. Recognizing and addressing these consequences are imperative for minimizing their impact in future pandemics, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures in healthcare planning.

Background: The lifestyle of the Arab population in Israel has changed in the last few decades, and modernization and urbanization have impacted the prevalence of chronic diseases.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of chronic diseases in the Arab population compared to the Jewish population in Israel.

Methods: This retrospective study included Arab and Jewish people insured by Israel's largest health maintenance organization. Demographic data and data regarding chronic diseases were collected. Crude prevalence and age group adjusted prevalence were calculated.

Results: In total, 863,116 Arab and 3,674,863 Jewish people were included in the analysis. We found that 18.3% of the Arab population had a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and 28.8% had obesity compared to 17.5% and 22.5% in the Jewish population, P < 0.001, respectively. The prevalence of chronic heart failure, chronic ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension, and myocardial infarction among Arabs was higher in all age groups compared to Jewish patients. Arab males had higher frequency rates of obesity and hemodialysis treatment compared to Jewish males. The proportion of women with diabetes mellitus, hemodialysis treatment, iron deficiency anemia, or obesity was greater among Arab females.

Conclusions: Significant differences were found in the prevalence of chronic diseases among Arab and Jewish patients in Israel. Culturally relevant interventions are crucial for disease prevention, early diagnosis, and management of chronic diseases among different ethnic groups.