Pub Date : 2024-02-10DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9020031
Mark A. Denisenko, Alina S. Isaeva, A. Sinyukin, Andrey V. Kovalev
The fast, convenient, and accurate determination of railroad cars’ load mass is critical to ensure safety and allow asset counting in railway infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a method for modeling the mechanical deformations that occur in the rail web under the influence of a static load transmitted through a railway wheel. According to the proposed method, a railroad car’s weight can be determined from the rail deformation values. A solid model of a track section, including a railroad tie, rail, and wheel, is developed, and a multi-physics simulation technique that allows for the determination of the values of deformations and mechanical stresses in the strain gauge installation areas is presented. The influence of the loaded mass, the temperature of the rail, and the wheel position relative to the strain gauge location is considered. We also consider the possibility of using artificial neural networks to determine railroad cars’ weight without specifying the coordinates of the wheel position. The effect of noise in the data on the accuracy of determining the railroad car weight is considered.
{"title":"A Method for Measuring the Mass of a Railroad Car Using an Artificial Neural Network","authors":"Mark A. Denisenko, Alina S. Isaeva, A. Sinyukin, Andrey V. Kovalev","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9020031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9020031","url":null,"abstract":"The fast, convenient, and accurate determination of railroad cars’ load mass is critical to ensure safety and allow asset counting in railway infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a method for modeling the mechanical deformations that occur in the rail web under the influence of a static load transmitted through a railway wheel. According to the proposed method, a railroad car’s weight can be determined from the rail deformation values. A solid model of a track section, including a railroad tie, rail, and wheel, is developed, and a multi-physics simulation technique that allows for the determination of the values of deformations and mechanical stresses in the strain gauge installation areas is presented. The influence of the loaded mass, the temperature of the rail, and the wheel position relative to the strain gauge location is considered. We also consider the possibility of using artificial neural networks to determine railroad cars’ weight without specifying the coordinates of the wheel position. The effect of noise in the data on the accuracy of determining the railroad car weight is considered.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":" April","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139787512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9020030
Emin Aktan, Ivan Bartoli, B. Glišić, Carlo Rainieri
This paper summarizes the lessons learned after several decades of exploring and applying Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in operating bridge structures. The challenges in real-time imaging and processing of large amounts of sensor data at various bandwidths, synchronization, quality check and archival, and most importantly, the interpretation of the structural condition, performance, and health are necessary for effective applications of SHM to major bridges and other infrastructures. Writers note that such SHM applications have served as the forerunners of cyber infrastructures, which are now recognized as the key to smart infrastructures and smart cities. Continued explorations of SHM in conjunction with control, therefore, remain vital for assuring satisfactory infrastructure system performance at the operational, damageability, and safety limit-states in the future. Researchers in the SHM of actually constructed systems, given their experience in monitoring major structures in the field, are well positioned to contribute to these vital needs. Especially, SHM researchers who have learned how to integrate the contributions from various disciplines such as civil, electrical, mechanical, and materials engineering; computer and social sciences; and architecture and urban planning would appear to be well equipped and could become instrumental in assessing the health and performance of urban regions, which today must function by optimizing and balancing the needs of Livability, Sustainability, and Resilience (LSR).
{"title":"Lessons from Bridge Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Their Implications for the Development of Cyber-Physical Systems","authors":"Emin Aktan, Ivan Bartoli, B. Glišić, Carlo Rainieri","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9020030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9020030","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the lessons learned after several decades of exploring and applying Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in operating bridge structures. The challenges in real-time imaging and processing of large amounts of sensor data at various bandwidths, synchronization, quality check and archival, and most importantly, the interpretation of the structural condition, performance, and health are necessary for effective applications of SHM to major bridges and other infrastructures. Writers note that such SHM applications have served as the forerunners of cyber infrastructures, which are now recognized as the key to smart infrastructures and smart cities. Continued explorations of SHM in conjunction with control, therefore, remain vital for assuring satisfactory infrastructure system performance at the operational, damageability, and safety limit-states in the future. Researchers in the SHM of actually constructed systems, given their experience in monitoring major structures in the field, are well positioned to contribute to these vital needs. Especially, SHM researchers who have learned how to integrate the contributions from various disciplines such as civil, electrical, mechanical, and materials engineering; computer and social sciences; and architecture and urban planning would appear to be well equipped and could become instrumental in assessing the health and performance of urban regions, which today must function by optimizing and balancing the needs of Livability, Sustainability, and Resilience (LSR).","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139795221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9020030
Emin Aktan, Ivan Bartoli, B. Glišić, Carlo Rainieri
This paper summarizes the lessons learned after several decades of exploring and applying Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in operating bridge structures. The challenges in real-time imaging and processing of large amounts of sensor data at various bandwidths, synchronization, quality check and archival, and most importantly, the interpretation of the structural condition, performance, and health are necessary for effective applications of SHM to major bridges and other infrastructures. Writers note that such SHM applications have served as the forerunners of cyber infrastructures, which are now recognized as the key to smart infrastructures and smart cities. Continued explorations of SHM in conjunction with control, therefore, remain vital for assuring satisfactory infrastructure system performance at the operational, damageability, and safety limit-states in the future. Researchers in the SHM of actually constructed systems, given their experience in monitoring major structures in the field, are well positioned to contribute to these vital needs. Especially, SHM researchers who have learned how to integrate the contributions from various disciplines such as civil, electrical, mechanical, and materials engineering; computer and social sciences; and architecture and urban planning would appear to be well equipped and could become instrumental in assessing the health and performance of urban regions, which today must function by optimizing and balancing the needs of Livability, Sustainability, and Resilience (LSR).
{"title":"Lessons from Bridge Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and Their Implications for the Development of Cyber-Physical Systems","authors":"Emin Aktan, Ivan Bartoli, B. Glišić, Carlo Rainieri","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9020030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9020030","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the lessons learned after several decades of exploring and applying Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in operating bridge structures. The challenges in real-time imaging and processing of large amounts of sensor data at various bandwidths, synchronization, quality check and archival, and most importantly, the interpretation of the structural condition, performance, and health are necessary for effective applications of SHM to major bridges and other infrastructures. Writers note that such SHM applications have served as the forerunners of cyber infrastructures, which are now recognized as the key to smart infrastructures and smart cities. Continued explorations of SHM in conjunction with control, therefore, remain vital for assuring satisfactory infrastructure system performance at the operational, damageability, and safety limit-states in the future. Researchers in the SHM of actually constructed systems, given their experience in monitoring major structures in the field, are well positioned to contribute to these vital needs. Especially, SHM researchers who have learned how to integrate the contributions from various disciplines such as civil, electrical, mechanical, and materials engineering; computer and social sciences; and architecture and urban planning would appear to be well equipped and could become instrumental in assessing the health and performance of urban regions, which today must function by optimizing and balancing the needs of Livability, Sustainability, and Resilience (LSR).","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139855173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9020029
Ayman El-Zohairy, Hani A. Salim, H. Shaaban, M. Nawar
Fatigue in steel–concrete composite beams can result from cyclic loading, causing stress fluctuations that may lead to cumulative damage and eventual failure over an extended period. In this paper, the experimental findings from fatigue loading tests on composite beams with various arrangements are presented. Fatigue tests were performed up to 1,000,000 cycles using four-point loading, encompassing various ranges of shear stress at a consistent amplitude. Additionally, the effects of external post-tensioning and the strength of the shear connection were investigated. Static tests were run until failure to assess the enduring strength of the specimens subjected to fatigue. The cyclic mid-span deflections, slippages, and strains were measured during the testing. Based on the experimental findings, it was found that the damage region that the shear studs caused in the concrete slab, which resulted in a reduction in stiffness within the shear connection, grew as the loading cycles increased, leading to an increase in residual deflections and plastic slippages. Controlling the longitudinal fatigue cracks in the concrete slab was largely dependent on the strength of the shear connection between the steel beams and concrete slabs. Moreover, the applied fatigue loading range affected the propagation and distribution of fatigue cracks in the concrete slab. The strains in different parts of the composite specimens were significantly reduced by applying the external post-tensioning. With no signs of distress at the anchors, the tendons displayed excellent fatigue performance.
{"title":"Fatigue Characteristics of Steel–Concrete Composite Beams","authors":"Ayman El-Zohairy, Hani A. Salim, H. Shaaban, M. Nawar","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9020029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9020029","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue in steel–concrete composite beams can result from cyclic loading, causing stress fluctuations that may lead to cumulative damage and eventual failure over an extended period. In this paper, the experimental findings from fatigue loading tests on composite beams with various arrangements are presented. Fatigue tests were performed up to 1,000,000 cycles using four-point loading, encompassing various ranges of shear stress at a consistent amplitude. Additionally, the effects of external post-tensioning and the strength of the shear connection were investigated. Static tests were run until failure to assess the enduring strength of the specimens subjected to fatigue. The cyclic mid-span deflections, slippages, and strains were measured during the testing. Based on the experimental findings, it was found that the damage region that the shear studs caused in the concrete slab, which resulted in a reduction in stiffness within the shear connection, grew as the loading cycles increased, leading to an increase in residual deflections and plastic slippages. Controlling the longitudinal fatigue cracks in the concrete slab was largely dependent on the strength of the shear connection between the steel beams and concrete slabs. Moreover, the applied fatigue loading range affected the propagation and distribution of fatigue cracks in the concrete slab. The strains in different parts of the composite specimens were significantly reduced by applying the external post-tensioning. With no signs of distress at the anchors, the tendons displayed excellent fatigue performance.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139806531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9020029
Ayman El-Zohairy, Hani A. Salim, H. Shaaban, M. Nawar
Fatigue in steel–concrete composite beams can result from cyclic loading, causing stress fluctuations that may lead to cumulative damage and eventual failure over an extended period. In this paper, the experimental findings from fatigue loading tests on composite beams with various arrangements are presented. Fatigue tests were performed up to 1,000,000 cycles using four-point loading, encompassing various ranges of shear stress at a consistent amplitude. Additionally, the effects of external post-tensioning and the strength of the shear connection were investigated. Static tests were run until failure to assess the enduring strength of the specimens subjected to fatigue. The cyclic mid-span deflections, slippages, and strains were measured during the testing. Based on the experimental findings, it was found that the damage region that the shear studs caused in the concrete slab, which resulted in a reduction in stiffness within the shear connection, grew as the loading cycles increased, leading to an increase in residual deflections and plastic slippages. Controlling the longitudinal fatigue cracks in the concrete slab was largely dependent on the strength of the shear connection between the steel beams and concrete slabs. Moreover, the applied fatigue loading range affected the propagation and distribution of fatigue cracks in the concrete slab. The strains in different parts of the composite specimens were significantly reduced by applying the external post-tensioning. With no signs of distress at the anchors, the tendons displayed excellent fatigue performance.
{"title":"Fatigue Characteristics of Steel–Concrete Composite Beams","authors":"Ayman El-Zohairy, Hani A. Salim, H. Shaaban, M. Nawar","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9020029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9020029","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue in steel–concrete composite beams can result from cyclic loading, causing stress fluctuations that may lead to cumulative damage and eventual failure over an extended period. In this paper, the experimental findings from fatigue loading tests on composite beams with various arrangements are presented. Fatigue tests were performed up to 1,000,000 cycles using four-point loading, encompassing various ranges of shear stress at a consistent amplitude. Additionally, the effects of external post-tensioning and the strength of the shear connection were investigated. Static tests were run until failure to assess the enduring strength of the specimens subjected to fatigue. The cyclic mid-span deflections, slippages, and strains were measured during the testing. Based on the experimental findings, it was found that the damage region that the shear studs caused in the concrete slab, which resulted in a reduction in stiffness within the shear connection, grew as the loading cycles increased, leading to an increase in residual deflections and plastic slippages. Controlling the longitudinal fatigue cracks in the concrete slab was largely dependent on the strength of the shear connection between the steel beams and concrete slabs. Moreover, the applied fatigue loading range affected the propagation and distribution of fatigue cracks in the concrete slab. The strains in different parts of the composite specimens were significantly reduced by applying the external post-tensioning. With no signs of distress at the anchors, the tendons displayed excellent fatigue performance.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139866355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9020028
Zhen Liu, Qifeng Yang, Anlue Wang, Xingyu Gu
In the process of driving in an underground interchange, drivers are faced with many challenges, such as being in a closed space, visual changes alternating between light and dark conditions, complex road conditions in the confluence section, and dense signage, which directly affect the safety and comfort of drivers in an underground interchange. Thus, driving simulation, building information modeling (BIM), and data mining were used to analyze the impact of underground interchange safety facilities on driving safety and comfort. Acceleration disturbance and steering wheel comfort loss values were used to assist the comfort analysis. The CART algorithm, classification decision trees, and neural networks were used for data mining, which uses a dichotomous recursive partitioning technique where multiple layers of neurons are superimposed to fit and replace very complex nonlinear mapping relationships. Ten different scenarios were designed for comparison. Multiple linear regression combined with ANOVA was used to calculate the significance of the control variables for each scenario on the evaluation index. The results show that appropriately reducing the length of the deceleration section can improve driving comfort, setting reasonable reminder signs at the merge junction can improve driving safety, and an appropriate wall color can reduce speed oscillation. This study indicates that the placement of traffic safety facilities significantly influences the safety and comfort of driving in underground interchanges. This study may provide support for the optimization of the design of underground interchange construction and internal traffic safety facilities.
{"title":"Vehicle Driving Safety of Underground Interchanges Using a Driving Simulator and Data Mining Analysis","authors":"Zhen Liu, Qifeng Yang, Anlue Wang, Xingyu Gu","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9020028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9020028","url":null,"abstract":"In the process of driving in an underground interchange, drivers are faced with many challenges, such as being in a closed space, visual changes alternating between light and dark conditions, complex road conditions in the confluence section, and dense signage, which directly affect the safety and comfort of drivers in an underground interchange. Thus, driving simulation, building information modeling (BIM), and data mining were used to analyze the impact of underground interchange safety facilities on driving safety and comfort. Acceleration disturbance and steering wheel comfort loss values were used to assist the comfort analysis. The CART algorithm, classification decision trees, and neural networks were used for data mining, which uses a dichotomous recursive partitioning technique where multiple layers of neurons are superimposed to fit and replace very complex nonlinear mapping relationships. Ten different scenarios were designed for comparison. Multiple linear regression combined with ANOVA was used to calculate the significance of the control variables for each scenario on the evaluation index. The results show that appropriately reducing the length of the deceleration section can improve driving comfort, setting reasonable reminder signs at the merge junction can improve driving safety, and an appropriate wall color can reduce speed oscillation. This study indicates that the placement of traffic safety facilities significantly influences the safety and comfort of driving in underground interchanges. This study may provide support for the optimization of the design of underground interchange construction and internal traffic safety facilities.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9020027
H. Lee, Byungkyu Moon, Jeongbeom Lee
The need to incorporate sustainability principles and practices is increasing for environmental and economic reasons. It is imperative to identify and operationalize sustainability strategies into core administrative, planning, design, construction, operational, and maintenance activities for the transportation infrastructure systems by integrating sustainability into decision-making processes. The primary goal of this study is to develop an implementation plan for achieving more sustainable transportation infrastructure systems in Iowa. This research aims to guide the adoption of sustainable strategies, balancing cost, performance, and environmental impact in transportation infrastructure development. This paper presents efforts to develop a methodology for identifying the best sustainable practices for implementation in transportation infrastructure practices in Iowa by surveying state DOTs to learn about their sustainability goals and practices, identifying existing sustainability attributes and sustainable practices, and developing a GIS database where construction, materials and performance data of sustainable practices can be stored and analyzed.
{"title":"Sustainable Transportation Infrastructures in Iowa—Goals and Practices","authors":"H. Lee, Byungkyu Moon, Jeongbeom Lee","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9020027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9020027","url":null,"abstract":"The need to incorporate sustainability principles and practices is increasing for environmental and economic reasons. It is imperative to identify and operationalize sustainability strategies into core administrative, planning, design, construction, operational, and maintenance activities for the transportation infrastructure systems by integrating sustainability into decision-making processes. The primary goal of this study is to develop an implementation plan for achieving more sustainable transportation infrastructure systems in Iowa. This research aims to guide the adoption of sustainable strategies, balancing cost, performance, and environmental impact in transportation infrastructure development. This paper presents efforts to develop a methodology for identifying the best sustainable practices for implementation in transportation infrastructure practices in Iowa by surveying state DOTs to learn about their sustainability goals and practices, identifying existing sustainability attributes and sustainable practices, and developing a GIS database where construction, materials and performance data of sustainable practices can be stored and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"58 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139820218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9020027
H. Lee, Byungkyu Moon, Jeongbeom Lee
The need to incorporate sustainability principles and practices is increasing for environmental and economic reasons. It is imperative to identify and operationalize sustainability strategies into core administrative, planning, design, construction, operational, and maintenance activities for the transportation infrastructure systems by integrating sustainability into decision-making processes. The primary goal of this study is to develop an implementation plan for achieving more sustainable transportation infrastructure systems in Iowa. This research aims to guide the adoption of sustainable strategies, balancing cost, performance, and environmental impact in transportation infrastructure development. This paper presents efforts to develop a methodology for identifying the best sustainable practices for implementation in transportation infrastructure practices in Iowa by surveying state DOTs to learn about their sustainability goals and practices, identifying existing sustainability attributes and sustainable practices, and developing a GIS database where construction, materials and performance data of sustainable practices can be stored and analyzed.
{"title":"Sustainable Transportation Infrastructures in Iowa—Goals and Practices","authors":"H. Lee, Byungkyu Moon, Jeongbeom Lee","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9020027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9020027","url":null,"abstract":"The need to incorporate sustainability principles and practices is increasing for environmental and economic reasons. It is imperative to identify and operationalize sustainability strategies into core administrative, planning, design, construction, operational, and maintenance activities for the transportation infrastructure systems by integrating sustainability into decision-making processes. The primary goal of this study is to develop an implementation plan for achieving more sustainable transportation infrastructure systems in Iowa. This research aims to guide the adoption of sustainable strategies, balancing cost, performance, and environmental impact in transportation infrastructure development. This paper presents efforts to develop a methodology for identifying the best sustainable practices for implementation in transportation infrastructure practices in Iowa by surveying state DOTs to learn about their sustainability goals and practices, identifying existing sustainability attributes and sustainable practices, and developing a GIS database where construction, materials and performance data of sustainable practices can be stored and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"85 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139880080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9020026
Ahlam A. Abbood, Nazar Oukaili, A. Allawi, George Wardeh
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel concrete-encased column (CE) using small circular steel tubes filled with cementitious grouting material (GFST) as the primary reinforcement instead of traditional steel bars. The research involved three different types of reinforcement: conventional steel bars, concrete-filled steel tubes with 30% of the reinforcement ratio of steel bars, and concrete-filled steel tubes with the same reinforcement ratio as steel bars. Twenty-four circular concrete columns were tested and categorized into six groups based on the type of reinforcement employed. Each group comprised four columns, with one subjected to concentric axial load, two subjected to eccentric axial load (with eccentricities of 25 mm and 50 mm, respectively), and one tested under lateral flexural loads. To validate the experimental results, finite element (FE) analysis was conducted using ABAQUS software version 6.14. The experimental findings for concentric load reveal that columns with the second type of reinforcement, concrete-filled steel tubes with 30% of the reinforcement ratio of steel bars exhibited a failure load 19% lower than those with steel bars, while columns with the third type of reinforcement, concrete-filled steel tubes with the same reinforcement ratio as steel bars achieved a failure load 17% greater than the traditional steel bars. The FE analysis demonstrates good agreement with the experimental outcomes in terms of ultimate strength, deformation, and failure modes.
{"title":"Strength and Deformation of Concrete-Encased Grouting-Filled Steel Tubes Columns Exposed to Monotonic Quasi-Static Loading Conditions","authors":"Ahlam A. Abbood, Nazar Oukaili, A. Allawi, George Wardeh","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9020026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9020026","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel concrete-encased column (CE) using small circular steel tubes filled with cementitious grouting material (GFST) as the primary reinforcement instead of traditional steel bars. The research involved three different types of reinforcement: conventional steel bars, concrete-filled steel tubes with 30% of the reinforcement ratio of steel bars, and concrete-filled steel tubes with the same reinforcement ratio as steel bars. Twenty-four circular concrete columns were tested and categorized into six groups based on the type of reinforcement employed. Each group comprised four columns, with one subjected to concentric axial load, two subjected to eccentric axial load (with eccentricities of 25 mm and 50 mm, respectively), and one tested under lateral flexural loads. To validate the experimental results, finite element (FE) analysis was conducted using ABAQUS software version 6.14. The experimental findings for concentric load reveal that columns with the second type of reinforcement, concrete-filled steel tubes with 30% of the reinforcement ratio of steel bars exhibited a failure load 19% lower than those with steel bars, while columns with the third type of reinforcement, concrete-filled steel tubes with the same reinforcement ratio as steel bars achieved a failure load 17% greater than the traditional steel bars. The FE analysis demonstrates good agreement with the experimental outcomes in terms of ultimate strength, deformation, and failure modes.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139890089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3390/infrastructures9020026
Ahlam A. Abbood, Nazar Oukaili, A. Allawi, George Wardeh
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel concrete-encased column (CE) using small circular steel tubes filled with cementitious grouting material (GFST) as the primary reinforcement instead of traditional steel bars. The research involved three different types of reinforcement: conventional steel bars, concrete-filled steel tubes with 30% of the reinforcement ratio of steel bars, and concrete-filled steel tubes with the same reinforcement ratio as steel bars. Twenty-four circular concrete columns were tested and categorized into six groups based on the type of reinforcement employed. Each group comprised four columns, with one subjected to concentric axial load, two subjected to eccentric axial load (with eccentricities of 25 mm and 50 mm, respectively), and one tested under lateral flexural loads. To validate the experimental results, finite element (FE) analysis was conducted using ABAQUS software version 6.14. The experimental findings for concentric load reveal that columns with the second type of reinforcement, concrete-filled steel tubes with 30% of the reinforcement ratio of steel bars exhibited a failure load 19% lower than those with steel bars, while columns with the third type of reinforcement, concrete-filled steel tubes with the same reinforcement ratio as steel bars achieved a failure load 17% greater than the traditional steel bars. The FE analysis demonstrates good agreement with the experimental outcomes in terms of ultimate strength, deformation, and failure modes.
{"title":"Strength and Deformation of Concrete-Encased Grouting-Filled Steel Tubes Columns Exposed to Monotonic Quasi-Static Loading Conditions","authors":"Ahlam A. Abbood, Nazar Oukaili, A. Allawi, George Wardeh","doi":"10.3390/infrastructures9020026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9020026","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel concrete-encased column (CE) using small circular steel tubes filled with cementitious grouting material (GFST) as the primary reinforcement instead of traditional steel bars. The research involved three different types of reinforcement: conventional steel bars, concrete-filled steel tubes with 30% of the reinforcement ratio of steel bars, and concrete-filled steel tubes with the same reinforcement ratio as steel bars. Twenty-four circular concrete columns were tested and categorized into six groups based on the type of reinforcement employed. Each group comprised four columns, with one subjected to concentric axial load, two subjected to eccentric axial load (with eccentricities of 25 mm and 50 mm, respectively), and one tested under lateral flexural loads. To validate the experimental results, finite element (FE) analysis was conducted using ABAQUS software version 6.14. The experimental findings for concentric load reveal that columns with the second type of reinforcement, concrete-filled steel tubes with 30% of the reinforcement ratio of steel bars exhibited a failure load 19% lower than those with steel bars, while columns with the third type of reinforcement, concrete-filled steel tubes with the same reinforcement ratio as steel bars achieved a failure load 17% greater than the traditional steel bars. The FE analysis demonstrates good agreement with the experimental outcomes in terms of ultimate strength, deformation, and failure modes.","PeriodicalId":502683,"journal":{"name":"Infrastructures","volume":"83 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139830466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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