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Causes and consequences of the Macta basin closure, Algeria 阿尔及利亚Macta盆地关闭的原因和后果
IF 3.1 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-07-11 DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2022.2089100
Nabil Kherbache, F. Molle
ABSTRACT The Macta River basin in Algeria is under pressure. A water accounting of the basin demonstrates the severity of the crisis, with a net water depletion rate estimated at 93–142%, depending on the assumptions made. This reflects the overexploitation of the aquifers whose annual depletion is estimated at between 86 and 126 Mm3. This paper first discusses the causes of basin overbuilding and the over-allocation of water, and then analyses the economic, social and environmental consequences. It calls for a stricter water accounting of river basins in Algeria as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its SDG 6 are implemented.
阿尔及利亚的马塔河流域正面临压力。该流域的水资源核算表明了危机的严重性,根据所做的假设,净水资源消耗率估计为93-142%。这反映了对地下蓄水层的过度开采,估计其年耗损在86至126立方毫米之间。本文首先讨论了流域过度建设和水资源过度分配的原因,然后分析了其经济、社会和环境后果。报告呼吁在实施《2030年可持续发展议程》及其可持续发展目标6的过程中,对阿尔及利亚的河流流域进行更严格的水资源核算。
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引用次数: 1
Investigating factors attracting the participation of the private sector in rural water supply in Vietnam 调查吸引私营部门参与越南农村供水的因素
IF 3.1 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2022.2078287
Truong Duc Toan, N. Anh
ABSTRACT This paper overviews Vietnam’s outcomes in implementing policies in the rural water supply and then applies a Delphi technique to determine the key factors in attracting the private sector in the context. Five factors were identified, including: government commitments; a unit at the central level to support projects; an authority at the local level to promote the activities of projects; guaranteed financial capacity to support projects; and a legal framework for the realization of projects. The findings from this study provide insights that may promote the participation of the private sector in Vietnam. The paper offers some lessons for other developing countries to pursue similar approaches.
摘要本文概述了越南在农村供水政策实施方面的成果,然后应用德尔菲技术来确定在这种情况下吸引私营部门的关键因素。确定了五个因素,包括:政府承诺;中央一级支持项目的单位;地方一级促进项目活动的当局;保证支持项目的财政能力;以及项目实现的法律框架。本研究的结果提供了可能促进越南私营部门参与的见解。这篇论文为其他发展中国家采取类似方法提供了一些经验教训。
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引用次数: 1
Improving connectivity in water governance: the implementation of water cooperation mechanisms in disparate political and social contexts 加强水治理的互联互通:在不同政治和社会背景下实施水合作机制
IF 3.1 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2022.2071848
R. Y. Wang, Marleen van Rijswick, L. Dai
Water governance inevitably entails a complex bureaucratic matrix in which various functional agencies and territorially based administrative units operate at various institutional levels. These governmental actors have asymmetric rights and responsibilities, unbalanced powers, and divergent socio-economic interests, which may lead to water conflicts and governance failures. Likewise, non-governmental organizations, enterprises and community members do not necessarily concur with one another or with governmental actors on how water should be defined, used and/or transformed. The problems of disconnection and fragmentation can result in loosely institutionalized water governance systems, which may not be sufficiently equipped to render effective solutions to escalating tension and intensifying conflicts over water (Dellapenna et al., 2013; Gevers, 2018; Gupta et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2017). In response, various water cooperation mechanisms have been proposed at both international and national levels, focused on improving sustainability, efficiency, effectiveness and equality of water governance. Existing water governance literature has given much attention to the early stages of water cooperation mechanisms, such as the formulation of goals and discourses, deliberation over formal rules, and the establishment and reform of integrated water institutions (Gleick, 2003; Global Water Partnership, 2000; Schoeman et al., 2014). However, few studies have investigated how these mechanisms are implemented at the operational level and how various actors animate cooperation in practice (PahlWostl, 2020). Inadequate examination of the full policy cycle could obscure two important but understudied issues. On the one hand, various political, socio-economic and cultural factors may influence the process of implementation. It would be oversimplistic to analyse a water cooperation mechanism without closely examining its contextual configurations. In this sense, the implementation of water cooperation mechanisms is subject to complex interactions between those mechanisms and the contexts in which they operate, resulting in diverse outcomes that may not be fully consistent with policy goals (Schlager, 2016; Wang & Chen, 2021). On the other hand, the actors engaged by
水治理不可避免地需要一个复杂的官僚矩阵,在这个矩阵中,各个职能机构和以领土为基础的行政单位在各个机构层面运作。这些政府行为体的权利和责任不对称,权力不平衡,社会经济利益分歧,可能导致水资源冲突和治理失败。同样,非政府组织、企业和社区成员在如何定义、使用和(或)改造水的问题上,不一定相互同意,也不一定与政府行为者达成一致。脱节和碎片化的问题可能导致松散的制度化水治理系统,这些系统可能不足以为不断升级的紧张局势和加剧的水冲突提供有效的解决方案(Dellapenna等人,2013;Gevers,2018;Gupta等人,2013年;Wang等人,2017)。为此,在国际和国家两级提出了各种水合作机制,重点是提高水治理的可持续性、效率、有效性和平等性。现有的水治理文献非常关注水合作机制的早期阶段,如目标和话语的制定、正式规则的审议以及综合水机构的建立和改革(Gleick,2003;全球水伙伴关系,2000年;Schoeman等人,2014)。然而,很少有研究调查这些机制是如何在操作层面实施的,以及各种参与者如何在实践中推动合作(PahlWostl,2020)。对整个政策周期的审查不充分可能会掩盖两个重要但研究不足的问题。一方面,各种政治、社会经济和文化因素可能影响执行进程。如果不仔细研究水合作机制的背景结构,就对其进行分析,那就过于简单了。从这个意义上说,水合作机制的实施受制于这些机制及其运作环境之间的复杂互动,导致不同的结果可能与政策目标不完全一致(Schlager,2016;王和陈,2021)。另一方面
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引用次数: 2
Governance of technological innovations in water and energy use in Uzbekistan 乌兹别克斯坦水和能源使用技术创新的治理
IF 3.1 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2022.2062706
A. Hamidov, U. Kasymov, N. Allahverdiyeva, C. Schleyer
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引用次数: 0
Water infrastructure in Asia: financing and policy options 亚洲的水利基础设施:融资和政策选择
IF 3.1 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2022.2062707
E. Borgomeo, B. Kingdom, Judith Plummer-Braeckman, Winston Yu
ABSTRACT How should the world deal with the problem of insufficient water infrastructure financing? Here we attempt to answer this question in the context of Asia. We estimate investment needs in water infrastructure to meet the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals to be in the range of US$120–330 billion/year until 2030, compared with current investment of US$40–50 billion/year. Closing this financing gap is not just a matter of spending more, but also spending with greater quality and efficiency considering competing national policy goals and the distinctive characteristics of water infrastructure that make its financing more challenging.
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引用次数: 1
Structural and institutional arrangements impacting collective actions in WUAs of West Bengal, India 影响印度西孟加拉邦用水户协会集体行动的结构和制度安排
IF 3.1 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2022.2041407
Indranil De, Soumyadip Chattopadhyay, Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan, Prabhat Mishra, Akhilesh Parey, S. Dutta
ABSTRACT This study provides empirical evidence of major debates in collective action theory concerning resource and member heterogeneity by conducting a survey on 63 randomly selected water-user associations promoted by the West Bengal state government of India. The functioning and governance of these institutions were evaluated by efficiency in resource mobilization (collection of membership fees), members’ perception of transparency and democratic decision-making, and dependency on third-party involvement in the future. The study finds that a larger command area, larger proportion of smaller farmers, optimum membership fee, frequent general body meetings, certain documentation, and power structure improve the functioning and governance indicators.
摘要本研究通过对印度西孟加拉邦政府倡导的63个随机选择的用水者协会进行调查,为集体行动理论中关于资源和成员异质性的主要争论提供了实证证据。这些机构的运作和治理是根据资源调动(收取会费)的效率、成员对透明度和民主决策的看法以及未来对第三方参与的依赖性来评估的。研究发现,更大的指挥区域、更大比例的小农户、最佳会员费、频繁的大会、某些文件和权力结构可以改善运作和治理指标。
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引用次数: 1
Water security, climate change and COP26 水安全、气候变化和COP26
IF 3.1 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-03-03 DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2022.2044114
C. Tortajada, A. Biswas
Water security and climate change are only two of the major problems humankind is facing at present, and they will continue to be so for decades to come. However, important as they are, there are many other critical problems the world will have to confront for the rest of the 21st century. Most of these problems are now known, but there may be some black swan incidents, such as Covid-19, which are unexpected and may occur in the coming decades. If so, these could make the global situations even more complex than anticipated at present. An important global issue for many decades has been the steady increase in the global population. The current global population of some 7.95 billion is expected to rise to 9.7 billion by 2050 and to 11 billion by 2100 (UN Population Division, 2019a). Additionally, in 2020, 56.15% of the global population lived in urban areas. This is estimated to increase to 68% by 2050, and to 85% by 2100 (UN Population Division, 2019b). It will mean that, increasingly, larger percentages of the global population will be concentrated in and around urban areas. This will undoubtedly put growing and serious strains on reliable and affordable supplies of food, energy, water and all other natural resources, as well as on the environment. In addition, ready availability of public health and all other forms of social services, including housing, education and transportation, for the rest of this century, will continue to be important challenges which all countries will have to face. Furthermore, all over the world, national governments and international organizations are likely to be under considerable pressure to alleviate poverty, increase the standard of living of the poor and the underprivileged, and provide improved environments for all to live in. Provision of many other social services, ranging from employment generation to improve connectivity and steady improvements in skills of the population, will be high up in the political agendas of nearly all nations. All major issues facing the world are now interrelated and interconnected. The dynamics of the human future will be ultimately determined not by one, but by two or more of these global issues, irrespective of how important, complex or pervasive any individual issue may be. This, because of the net results of interactions and impacts of multitude of them. For example, increasing population and demands for steadily improving standard of living and quality of life will require more and more food, energy, water and other resources, unless there are significant changes in improving the efficiencies of how they are produced, distributed and used. Augmenting and ensuring food and energy supplies will necessitate sustainable and more efficient water management during their production, distribution and use phases, as well as overall demands. Equally, many of these activities may contribute to more greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, unless special policy measures are taken
水安全和气候变化只是人类目前面临的两个主要问题,而且在未来几十年里还会如此。然而,尽管这些问题很重要,但在21世纪余下的时间里,世界还必须面对许多其他关键问题。这些问题中的大多数现在都是已知的,但可能会发生一些黑天鹅事件,如新冠肺炎,这是意想不到的,可能会在未来几十年发生。如果是这样的话,这可能会使全球局势比目前预期的更加复杂。几十年来,一个重要的全球问题是全球人口的稳步增长。目前全球约79.5亿人口预计到2050年将增至97亿,到2100年将增至110亿(联合国人口司,2019a)。此外,2020年,全球56.15%的人口生活在城市地区。据估计,到2050年,这一比例将增至68%,到2100年将增至85%(联合国人口司,2019b)。这将意味着,越来越多的全球人口将集中在城市地区及其周边地区。毫无疑问,这将给可靠和负担得起的粮食、能源、水和所有其他自然资源供应以及环境带来越来越大的压力。此外,在本世纪余下的时间里,公共卫生和包括住房、教育和交通在内的所有其他形式的社会服务的随时可用性将继续是所有国家都必须面对的重要挑战。此外,在世界各地,各国政府和国际组织可能面临着巨大的压力,需要减轻贫困,提高穷人和弱势群体的生活水平,并为所有人提供更好的生活环境,从创造就业机会到改善连通性和稳步提高人口技能,几乎所有国家的政治议程都将占据重要位置。现在,世界面临的所有重大问题都是相互关联和相互关联的。人类未来的动力最终将不是由其中一个决定的,而是由两个或两个以上的全球问题决定的,无论任何单个问题有多重要、复杂或普遍。这是因为其中许多问题的相互作用和影响的净结果。例如,人口的增加以及对稳步提高生活水平和生活质量的需求将需要越来越多的粮食、能源、水和其他资源,除非在提高生产、分配和使用效率方面发生重大变化。增加和确保粮食和能源供应将需要在其生产、分配和使用阶段以及总体需求期间进行可持续和更高效的水管理。同样,除非采取并有效实施特别政策措施,否则其中许多活动可能会导致更多温室气体排放到大气中。这种事态发展可能会进一步加剧全球变暖,并可能通过多种途径导致意想不到的极端事件,其中一些是已知的,但另一些是未知的。《2022年国际水资源开发杂志》,第38卷,第2期,193–198https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2022.2044114
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引用次数: 1
Explaining the sustained public participation of ENGOs in China’s water governance: a case study of the ‘civilian river chiefs’ under the theoretical framework of ‘double embeddedness’ ngo在中国水治理中的持续公众参与:“双嵌入”理论框架下的“民间河长”案例分析
IF 3.1 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2022.2034601
R. Y. Wang, Ying Peng, Yi Liu
ABSTRACT Although essential to successful environmental governance, public participation has been sporadic and fragmented in China. Drawing on in-depth interviews conducted in the southern Chinese cities of Shenzhen and Guangzhou, this paper explores how environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) have carried out ‘civilian river chiefs’ projects as novel approaches to water governance. We propose a framework of ‘double embeddedness’, within which ENGOs have built political and social legitimacy, reciprocity, and networks that enable their sustained participation in water governance. Our findings suggest that new patterns of state–community–non-governmental organization relationships are key to understanding public participation in China’s future environmental governance.
虽然公众参与对成功的环境治理至关重要,但在中国,公众参与是零星和分散的。本文通过对中国南方城市深圳和广州的深入访谈,探讨了环保非政府组织(ENGOs)如何将“平民河长”项目作为水治理的新途径。我们提出了一个“双重嵌入”的框架,在这个框架内,非政府组织建立了政治和社会合法性、互惠性和网络,使他们能够持续参与水治理。我们的研究结果表明,国家-社区-非政府组织关系的新模式是理解中国未来环境治理中公众参与的关键。
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引用次数: 6
Handwashing behaviour among adults in rural Vietnam: a cross-sectional mixed methods study 越南农村成年人的洗手行为:一项横断面混合方法研究
IF 3.1 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2021.2014303
Chunwen Xiao, Duy Anh Le, Nikita Makarchev
ABSTRACT Rural Vietnam has seen numerous sanitation and hygiene-related interventions. However, these have produced limited improvement in handwashing with soap. This study examines handwashing with soap practices and predictors in Giong Trom, Vietnam, based on a 792-person household survey and 78 stakeholder interviews. Descriptive statistics indicate handwashing with soap remains unsatisfactory. Regression analysis reveals its association with two contextual and five socio-psychological predictors. Interviews provide further elaboration with reference to local conditions. The findings underscore the importance of targeted multidimensional interventions, the limitations of exclusively infrastructural focuses, and the highly contextual nature of even the most popular handwashing with soap predictors.
摘要:越南农村已经采取了许多与环境卫生和个人卫生相关的干预措施。然而,这些对用肥皂洗手的改善有限。这项研究基于792人的家庭调查和78位利益相关者的访谈,考察了越南Giong-Trom的肥皂洗手做法和预测因素。描述性统计数据表明,用肥皂洗手仍然不令人满意。回归分析揭示了它与两个情境预测因子和五个社会心理预测因子的关系。访谈结合当地情况作了进一步阐述。研究结果强调了有针对性的多层面干预的重要性,仅关注基础设施的局限性,以及即使是最流行的肥皂洗手也具有高度的情境性。
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引用次数: 1
Storm water systems’ performance: assessment framework application to Portuguese water utilities 雨水系统的性能:评估框架在葡萄牙水务公司的应用
IF 3.1 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI: 10.1080/07900627.2021.2004882
Liliana Ferreira Santos, M. Cardoso, Ana Fonseca Galvão
ABSTRACT Performance assessment is recognized as an important management tool for urban water systems. This article describes the application of a performance assessment framework for storm water systems, in collaboration with two Portuguese urban water utilities. A performance assessment system was built for each water utility, including objectives, assessment criteria and performance metrics. The results showed the existence of areas vulnerable to flooding occurrences and the need for investment in rehabilitation. The application of the performance assessment framework supports the identification of systems’ vulnerabilities and priorities for intervention. Opportunities and suggestions for improving data collection procedures are identified.
绩效评估是城市供水系统管理的重要手段。本文描述了与两家葡萄牙城市水务公司合作,对雨水系统的性能评估框架的应用。为每家水务公司建立了绩效评估体系,包括目标、评估标准和绩效指标。结果表明,存在易受洪水影响的地区,需要投资进行恢复。绩效评估框架的应用有助于识别系统的脆弱性和干预的优先事项。确定了改进数据收集程序的机会和建议。
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引用次数: 3
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International Journal of Water Resources Development
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