In this study, the effect of natural weathering on the physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites (WPC) made from virgin and recycled polypropylene (PP) was studied. To prepare the recycled PP, virgin PP was thermo-mechanically degraded by extrusion under controlled conditions in a single-screw extruder at a router speed of 60 rpm and temperature of 190 °C. PP (virgin and recycled), wood flour, compatibilizer, and UV absorbent were physically blended, and the samples were manufactured by a twin-screw extruder. The samples were exposed to natural weathering for 270 days. The surface characteristics of the samples were investigated before and after weathering. According to the results, the composites from recycled PP exhibited a higher weathering resistancethan those from virgin PP. The use of a UV absorber improved the flexural strength and modulus of the composites, but it could not significantly prevent the flexural properties loss and discoloration of the composites after weathering.
{"title":"Utjecaj prirodnog izlaganja vremenskim utjecajima na svojstva kompozita od drvnog brašna i recikliranog polipropilena","authors":"Saeed Kazemi Najafi, Sima Hatami Naderloo, Behbood Mohebby","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2024.0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2024.0099","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of natural weathering on the physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites (WPC) made from virgin and recycled polypropylene (PP) was studied. To prepare the recycled PP, virgin PP was thermo-mechanically degraded by extrusion under controlled conditions in a single-screw extruder at a router speed of 60 rpm and temperature of 190 °C. PP (virgin and recycled), wood flour, compatibilizer, and UV absorbent were physically blended, and the samples were manufactured by a twin-screw extruder. The samples were exposed to natural weathering for 270 days. The surface characteristics of the samples were investigated before and after weathering. According to the results, the composites from recycled PP exhibited a higher weathering resistancethan those from virgin PP. The use of a UV absorber improved the flexural strength and modulus of the composites, but it could not significantly prevent the flexural properties loss and discoloration of the composites after weathering.","PeriodicalId":503192,"journal":{"name":"Drvna industrija","volume":"46 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2024.0126
Yang Li, Tao Yao, Yong Zhu, Shengquan Liu, Zuju Shu, Redžo Hasanagić, Fathi Leila, Demiao Chu
Based on the previous study of the heat-treated wood at 0-3 mm surface layer, this study focuses on the transition of thermal modification intensity on 160-220 °C heat-treated poplar from surface to core layers. The color change was evaluated by CIELAB, and surface hardness was detected via Shore D (HD) and pressing ball method (HR); furthermore, the FT-IR was applied to detect the thermal degradation of wood components. The results show that the degradation of cell wall components in the surface layer of heat-treated poplar wood is greater than that in the core layers, and the thermal degradation intensity of the surface layer of the heat-treated poplar wood is greater than that of the other inner layers. Surface color and hardness properties of the heat-treated wood between S0 and S1-S5 test surfaces were significantly different under the same heat treatment conditions; the surface hardness showed an increasing trend, and the HR value of the H220-2 core layer was 105.71 % higher than that of the surface layer. Heat treatment temperature is the main factor affecting the property of wood surface, while the effect of duration is smaller. The hemicellulose content change was mainly related to the degradation intensity on heattreated wood at different locations. An accurate prediction model of surface color, hardness, and other properties of the heat-treated wood at different locations was established by Table Curve 3D software.
基于之前对 0-3 mm 表层热处理木材的研究，本研究重点关注 160-220 °C 热处理杨木从表层到芯层的热改性强度过渡。颜色变化由 CIELAB 进行评估，表面硬度通过邵氏 D（HD）和压球法（HR）进行检测；此外，傅立叶变换红外光谱用于检测木材成分的热降解。结果表明，热处理杨木表层细胞壁成分的降解程度大于芯层，热处理杨木表层的热降解强度大于其他内层。在相同的热处理条件下，S0 和 S1-S5 试验面之间的热处理木材表面颜色和硬度性能有显著差异；表面硬度呈上升趋势，H220-2 芯层的 HR 值比表层高 105.71 %。热处理温度是影响木材表面性能的主要因素，而持续时间的影响较小。半纤维素含量的变化主要与不同位置热处理木材的降解强度有关。利用 Table Curve 3D 软件建立了不同位置热处理木材表面颜色、硬度和其他性能的精确预测模型。
{"title":"Intenzitet toplinske modifikacije topolovine. Dio 2","authors":"Yang Li, Tao Yao, Yong Zhu, Shengquan Liu, Zuju Shu, Redžo Hasanagić, Fathi Leila, Demiao Chu","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2024.0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2024.0126","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the previous study of the heat-treated wood at 0-3 mm surface layer, this study focuses on the transition of thermal modification intensity on 160-220 °C heat-treated poplar from surface to core layers. The color change was evaluated by CIELAB, and surface hardness was detected via Shore D (HD) and pressing ball method (HR); furthermore, the FT-IR was applied to detect the thermal degradation of wood components. The results show that the degradation of cell wall components in the surface layer of heat-treated poplar wood is greater than that in the core layers, and the thermal degradation intensity of the surface layer of the heat-treated poplar wood is greater than that of the other inner layers. Surface color and hardness properties of the heat-treated wood between S0 and S1-S5 test surfaces were significantly different under the same heat treatment conditions; the surface hardness showed an increasing trend, and the HR value of the H220-2 core layer was 105.71 % higher than that of the surface layer. Heat treatment temperature is the main factor affecting the property of wood surface, while the effect of duration is smaller. The hemicellulose content change was mainly related to the degradation intensity on heattreated wood at different locations. An accurate prediction model of surface color, hardness, and other properties of the heat-treated wood at different locations was established by Table Curve 3D software.","PeriodicalId":503192,"journal":{"name":"Drvna industrija","volume":"44 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2024.0124
I. Irbe, Žanete Zommere, J. Grinins
There is insufficient data regarding the biodegradation of wood-based composites (WBC) by wood decay fungi. This study aimed to evaluate the biological durability and water-related properties of different WBC types. Although WBC are primarily designed for dry environments, in building applications, they may face increased moisture risks due to water leakage, condensation, or humid air. The panels, including oak-pine shield parquet (OPP), oriented strand board (OSB), birch plywood (BP), particle board (PB), laminated particle board (LPB), moisture-resistant particle board (MRPB), medium density fibreboard (MDF), laminated medium density fibreboard (LMDF) and moisture resistant medium density fibreboard (MRMDF), were subjected to attack by brown rot fungus Coniphora puteana. After 16 weeks of exposure, the most resistant WBC against biodegradation were BP, moisture-resistant MDF, and laminated MDF, as they exhibited a mass loss lower than 5 %. Conversely, all other WBC types showed high susceptibility to biodegradation, with a mass loss exceeding 35 %. LMDF (8 – 51 %) and MRMDF had the lowest water absorption (WA) within 168 h (2 – 46 %), while non-treated MDF exhibited the highest WA among all composite types with 190 % water uptake. With regards to thickness swelling, all WBC types, except for LPB and MDF, demonstrated values below 20 %. The influence of adhesives (phenol-formaldehyde or melamine urea-formaldehyde) used in WBC did not show a clear impact on water-related properties orbiological durability.
{"title":"Water-Related Properties and Biological Durability of Wood-Based Composites","authors":"I. Irbe, Žanete Zommere, J. Grinins","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2024.0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2024.0124","url":null,"abstract":"There is insufficient data regarding the biodegradation of wood-based composites (WBC) by wood decay fungi. This study aimed to evaluate the biological durability and water-related properties of different WBC types. Although WBC are primarily designed for dry environments, in building applications, they may face increased moisture risks due to water leakage, condensation, or humid air. The panels, including oak-pine shield parquet (OPP), oriented strand board (OSB), birch plywood (BP), particle board (PB), laminated particle board (LPB), moisture-resistant particle board (MRPB), medium density fibreboard (MDF), laminated medium density fibreboard (LMDF) and moisture resistant medium density fibreboard (MRMDF), were subjected to attack by brown rot fungus Coniphora puteana. After 16 weeks of exposure, the most resistant WBC against biodegradation were BP, moisture-resistant MDF, and laminated MDF, as they exhibited a mass loss lower than 5 %. Conversely, all other WBC types showed high susceptibility to biodegradation, with a mass loss exceeding 35 %. LMDF (8 – 51 %) and MRMDF had the lowest water absorption (WA) within 168 h (2 – 46 %), while non-treated MDF exhibited the highest WA among all composite types with 190 % water uptake. With regards to thickness swelling, all WBC types, except for LPB and MDF, demonstrated values below 20 %. The influence of adhesives (phenol-formaldehyde or melamine urea-formaldehyde) used in WBC did not show a clear impact on water-related properties orbiological durability.","PeriodicalId":503192,"journal":{"name":"Drvna industrija","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2024.0107
Teja Bizjak Govedič, Daša Krapež Tomec, Manja Kitek Kuzman, L. Oblak, B. Glavonjić
In recent years, additive manufacturing has become a regular process in various industries, and consequently there is an increasing need to evaluate the environmental aspects of this technology and its associated materials. In this paper, comparative cradle-to-grave life cycle assessments between a conventional product and a 3D-printed alternative made of polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA-wood material were investigated based on the standard ISO 14044:2006. The environmental impact of each product was quantified for 18 categories. The goal of life cycle assessment (LCA) was to determine whether the use of 3D printed PLA/PLA-wood products can be a sustainable alternative to traditional metal products. The paper presents a case study in which a comparative LCA was conducted. The results show that a metal part manufactured using conventional subtractive processes (milling, drilling, welding, etc.) has a higher environmental impact compared to 3D-printed alternatives made from renewable materials. However, there are many sub-issues that need to be adequately addressed.
近年来，增材制造已成为各行各业的常规工艺，因此越来越有必要对该技术及其相关材料的环境方面进行评估。本文根据 ISO 14044:2006 标准，对传统产品与由聚乳酸（PLA）和聚乳酸木质材料制成的 3D 打印替代产品进行了 "从摇篮到坟墓 "生命周期比较评估。每种产品对环境的影响被量化为 18 个类别。生命周期评估（LCA）的目的是确定使用三维打印聚乳酸/聚乳酸木材产品能否成为传统金属产品的可持续替代品。本文介绍了一项进行生命周期评估比较的案例研究。结果表明，使用传统减法工艺（铣削、钻孔、焊接等）制造的金属零件与使用可再生材料制造的 3D 打印替代品相比，对环境的影响更大。然而，还有许多子问题需要充分解决。
{"title":"Environmental Assessment/Evaluation of 3D Printing and 3D Printing with Wood-PLA Composites - Case Study","authors":"Teja Bizjak Govedič, Daša Krapež Tomec, Manja Kitek Kuzman, L. Oblak, B. Glavonjić","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2024.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2024.0107","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, additive manufacturing has become a regular process in various industries, and consequently there is an increasing need to evaluate the environmental aspects of this technology and its associated materials. In this paper, comparative cradle-to-grave life cycle assessments between a conventional product and a 3D-printed alternative made of polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA-wood material were investigated based on the standard ISO 14044:2006. The environmental impact of each product was quantified for 18 categories. The goal of life cycle assessment (LCA) was to determine whether the use of 3D printed PLA/PLA-wood products can be a sustainable alternative to traditional metal products. The paper presents a case study in which a comparative LCA was conducted. The results show that a metal part manufactured using conventional subtractive processes (milling, drilling, welding, etc.) has a higher environmental impact compared to 3D-printed alternatives made from renewable materials. However, there are many sub-issues that need to be adequately addressed.","PeriodicalId":503192,"journal":{"name":"Drvna industrija","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2024.0120
Zala Uhan, Špela Pezdevšek Malovrh, Matej Jošt, Katarina Remic
Global challenges, including climate change, land and ecosystem degradation, and a growing population have direct or indirect impact on natural resources and are forcing people to seek new ways of production and consumption that respect the ecological limits of our planet. To meet the challenges, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted by 193 countries at the United Nations Summit in September 2015. The forest-wood chain has also been identified as closely linked to sustainable development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Especially in countries with high forest cover, such as Slovenia, forest-wood chain is recognized in policy documents as key element for achieving the SDGs. The importance of the SDGs is not only recognized in national legislation, but also in relation to higher education and research institutions. With the aim to investigate how well higher education teachers and students are familiar with SDGs and whether they consider them important for the forestry and wood industry and if high education teachers and researchers integrate the SDGs into educational programs and research, survey was conducted with the employees (n=61) and students (n=185) of the University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources and Department of Wood Science and Technology. The results show that both employees and students of the Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources as well as employees and students of the Department of Wood Science are familiar with SDGs. All the respondents find SDGs important for the forestry and wood industry. All the participants especially emphasized SDG 15 – Life on land. The results also showed that, in the future, employees of both departments plan to integrate more SDGs into their educational and research process. Finally, it was concluded that educational and research institutions and integration of SDGs into their educational and research process could be an important step towards sustainability and achieving goals of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Students who will work in the forestry and wood industry sectors in the future could integrate and promote more sustainable practises in the sectors if they have sufficient knowledge of the SDGs and high perception of sustainability.
{"title":"Uključivanje ciljeva održivog razvoja u visoko obrazovanje i znanstvena istraživanja vezana za šumarstvo i drvo","authors":"Zala Uhan, Špela Pezdevšek Malovrh, Matej Jošt, Katarina Remic","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2024.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2024.0120","url":null,"abstract":"Global challenges, including climate change, land and ecosystem degradation, and a growing population have direct or indirect impact on natural resources and are forcing people to seek new ways of production and consumption that respect the ecological limits of our planet. To meet the challenges, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development was adopted by 193 countries at the United Nations Summit in September 2015. The forest-wood chain has also been identified as closely linked to sustainable development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Especially in countries with high forest cover, such as Slovenia, forest-wood chain is recognized in policy documents as key element for achieving the SDGs. The importance of the SDGs is not only recognized in national legislation, but also in relation to higher education and research institutions. With the aim to investigate how well higher education teachers and students are familiar with SDGs and whether they consider them important for the forestry and wood industry and if high education teachers and researchers integrate the SDGs into educational programs and research, survey was conducted with the employees (n=61) and students (n=185) of the University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources and Department of Wood Science and Technology. The results show that both employees and students of the Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources as well as employees and students of the Department of Wood Science are familiar with SDGs. All the respondents find SDGs important for the forestry and wood industry. All the participants especially emphasized SDG 15 – Life on land. The results also showed that, in the future, employees of both departments plan to integrate more SDGs into their educational and research process. Finally, it was concluded that educational and research institutions and integration of SDGs into their educational and research process could be an important step towards sustainability and achieving goals of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Students who will work in the forestry and wood industry sectors in the future could integrate and promote more sustainable practises in the sectors if they have sufficient knowledge of the SDGs and high perception of sustainability.","PeriodicalId":503192,"journal":{"name":"Drvna industrija","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2024.0138
Luka Goropečnik, Petra Grošelj, Jože Kropivšek
The integration of sustainable and digital competences in educational programmes is vital for shaping a promising future. Through interviews and analysis, we assessed the inclusion of green and digital (industry 4.0 and ambient assisted living) topics in wood science and technology educational programmes across different European countries. Our research revealed disparities in vertical alignment within countries and deviations among similar programs across countries. With the help of fuzzy logic and by using Data Envelopment Analysis, we evaluated the technical efficiency of programs in incorporating these topics in teaching, considering multiplefactors. Results show varying performance levels, with some programs achieving optimal efficiency, while others lagging behind. To improve underperforming programs, prioritizing topic integration is crucial. National coordination and alignment across educational levels are necessary to establish a cohesive system. Equipping individuals with these competences enable them to contribute to sustainable development, leverage digital technologies, and meet societal demands.
{"title":"Učinkovitost europskih obrazovnih programa o znanosti o drvu i drvnoj tehnologiji u uključivanju zelenih i digitalnih tema","authors":"Luka Goropečnik, Petra Grošelj, Jože Kropivšek","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2024.0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2024.0138","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of sustainable and digital competences in educational programmes is vital for shaping a promising future. Through interviews and analysis, we assessed the inclusion of green and digital (industry 4.0 and ambient assisted living) topics in wood science and technology educational programmes across different European countries. Our research revealed disparities in vertical alignment within countries and deviations among similar programs across countries. With the help of fuzzy logic and by using Data Envelopment Analysis, we evaluated the technical efficiency of programs in incorporating these topics in teaching, considering multiplefactors. Results show varying performance levels, with some programs achieving optimal efficiency, while others lagging behind. To improve underperforming programs, prioritizing topic integration is crucial. National coordination and alignment across educational levels are necessary to establish a cohesive system. Equipping individuals with these competences enable them to contribute to sustainable development, leverage digital technologies, and meet societal demands.","PeriodicalId":503192,"journal":{"name":"Drvna industrija","volume":"7 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2024.0129
S. Sepahvand, M. Rezvani, Mohammad Ghofrania, Fathi Leila, Ghanbar Ebrahimi
This study aimed to develop laminate flooring composite using a combination of wood and waste tire rubber (WTR). Plywood panels were produced by using beech (Fagus orientalis), alder (Alnus glutinosa), and poplar (Populus) veneers in a 7-ply configuration. To enhance the physical-mechanical properties of the panels, three loadings of nano-SiO2 (0, 2, and 4 wt%) along with 2 wt% of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) were added. Commercial urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) were used to bind the wood layers and rubber layers together. The mechanical properties, including modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), impact strength (IS), hardness strength (HS), and physical properties, such as density (D), water uptake (WU), and thickness swelling (TS), were evaluated. The results showed that increasing the WTR content led to improvements in the physical properties (D, WU, and TS), while negatively affecting the mechanical properties (MOR, MOE, IS, and HS) of the resulting panels. However, the addition of nano-SiO2 improved both the physical and mechanical properties (MOR, MOE, and HS) of the panels. Furthermore, it was observed that the mechanical properties were enhanced with increasing the number of beech layers, although the WU of panels decreased compared to panels made with alder and poplar. Overall, the improvement in the physical properties of the panels followed the order of the arrangement of rubber layers > nano-SiO2 content > veneer layers.
{"title":"Izrada laminata upotrebom kompozita od drva i otpadne gume","authors":"S. Sepahvand, M. Rezvani, Mohammad Ghofrania, Fathi Leila, Ghanbar Ebrahimi","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2024.0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2024.0129","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to develop laminate flooring composite using a combination of wood and waste tire rubber (WTR). Plywood panels were produced by using beech (Fagus orientalis), alder (Alnus glutinosa), and poplar (Populus) veneers in a 7-ply configuration. To enhance the physical-mechanical properties of the panels, three loadings of nano-SiO2 (0, 2, and 4 wt%) along with 2 wt% of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) were added. Commercial urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) were used to bind the wood layers and rubber layers together. The mechanical properties, including modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), impact strength (IS), hardness strength (HS), and physical properties, such as density (D), water uptake (WU), and thickness swelling (TS), were evaluated. The results showed that increasing the WTR content led to improvements in the physical properties (D, WU, and TS), while negatively affecting the mechanical properties (MOR, MOE, IS, and HS) of the resulting panels. However, the addition of nano-SiO2 improved both the physical and mechanical properties (MOR, MOE, and HS) of the panels. Furthermore, it was observed that the mechanical properties were enhanced with increasing the number of beech layers, although the WU of panels decreased compared to panels made with alder and poplar. Overall, the improvement in the physical properties of the panels followed the order of the arrangement of rubber layers > nano-SiO2 content > veneer layers.","PeriodicalId":503192,"journal":{"name":"Drvna industrija","volume":"43 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2024.0119
Hasan Talić, Atif Hodžić
The roughness of the machined surface is a crucial factor in the woodworking process because it influences the quality of future operations like gluing, sanding, pressing, surface treatment and protection, and assembly. The quality of the machined surface is determined by a number of machining process parameters as well as material properties, and their proper selection and optimization will yield the best results. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how specific parameters and wood species affect surface roughness. In the experiment, three species of wood: beech (Fagus sylvatica), fir (Abies alba), and poplar (Populus alba) with the same moisture content were used, and combinations of feed speed (5 and 8 m/min) and cutting depth (2 and 4 mm) were created. The processing was done on a wood planer (thickener) machine of the SD-B-510 series manufactured by RoblandMachines Belgium. Following that, roughness measurements of Ra, Rz, Rt, and Rq were taken with a focus on the mean deviation of the profile Ra, and an analysis of the results was presented, revealing that different roughness values are obtained with the same processing parameters depending on the wood species. The difference between the greatest (5.36 μm) and lowest (2.41μm) roughness values (Ra) for beech is 2.95 μm, 1.25 μm for poplar, and 1.34 μm for fir.
{"title":"Utjecaj posmične brzine i dodatka za obradu drva na hrapavost površine jelovine, topolovine i bukovine obrađenih blanjanjem","authors":"Hasan Talić, Atif Hodžić","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2024.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2024.0119","url":null,"abstract":"The roughness of the machined surface is a crucial factor in the woodworking process because it influences the quality of future operations like gluing, sanding, pressing, surface treatment and protection, and assembly. The quality of the machined surface is determined by a number of machining process parameters as well as material properties, and their proper selection and optimization will yield the best results. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how specific parameters and wood species affect surface roughness. In the experiment, three species of wood: beech (Fagus sylvatica), fir (Abies alba), and poplar (Populus alba) with the same moisture content were used, and combinations of feed speed (5 and 8 m/min) and cutting depth (2 and 4 mm) were created. The processing was done on a wood planer (thickener) machine of the SD-B-510 series manufactured by RoblandMachines Belgium. Following that, roughness measurements of Ra, Rz, Rt, and Rq were taken with a focus on the mean deviation of the profile Ra, and an analysis of the results was presented, revealing that different roughness values are obtained with the same processing parameters depending on the wood species. The difference between the greatest (5.36 μm) and lowest (2.41μm) roughness values (Ra) for beech is 2.95 μm, 1.25 μm for poplar, and 1.34 μm for fir.","PeriodicalId":503192,"journal":{"name":"Drvna industrija","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.5552/drvind.2024.0148
Boštjan Lesar, Miha Humar, Florjan Osvald
Outdoor wood is exposed to various factors that can be described as weathering and cause the wood to grey. The ageing processes can vary greatly depending on the exposure. Parts of wood that are not exposed to external factors, e.g. under the overhanging, are less exposed, and the weathering process is therefore slower. This can be accelerated by solutions based on iron ions. In this way, the wood greys quickly and evenly. However, after iron treatment, the colour also depends on the previous exposure of wood to weathering. In our study, the colour change was observed as a function of weathering time. Before treatment, the samples were exposed to outdoor weathering for different periods of time and then treated with a 5 % solution of pure iron (II) sulphate and commercial iron (II) sulphate. It was determined that the pre-weathering time affected the final colour change, as the samples exposed for five weeks before treatment have comparable colour to naturally weathered wood. At the beginning of exposure, iron (II) sulphate limits mould growth, but after two months, staining fungi develop on the treated samples as well. The growth of blue stain fungi on the treated samples did not significantly affect the colour and visual appearance of the wood treated with iron-based solutions.
{"title":"Promjena boje površina drva izloženih vremenskim utjecajima prije i nakon tretmana željezovim (II) sulfatom","authors":"Boštjan Lesar, Miha Humar, Florjan Osvald","doi":"10.5552/drvind.2024.0148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2024.0148","url":null,"abstract":"Outdoor wood is exposed to various factors that can be described as weathering and cause the wood to grey. The ageing processes can vary greatly depending on the exposure. Parts of wood that are not exposed to external factors, e.g. under the overhanging, are less exposed, and the weathering process is therefore slower. This can be accelerated by solutions based on iron ions. In this way, the wood greys quickly and evenly. However, after iron treatment, the colour also depends on the previous exposure of wood to weathering. In our study, the colour change was observed as a function of weathering time. Before treatment, the samples were exposed to outdoor weathering for different periods of time and then treated with a 5 % solution of pure iron (II) sulphate and commercial iron (II) sulphate. It was determined that the pre-weathering time affected the final colour change, as the samples exposed for five weeks before treatment have comparable colour to naturally weathered wood. At the beginning of exposure, iron (II) sulphate limits mould growth, but after two months, staining fungi develop on the treated samples as well. The growth of blue stain fungi on the treated samples did not significantly affect the colour and visual appearance of the wood treated with iron-based solutions.","PeriodicalId":503192,"journal":{"name":"Drvna industrija","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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