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Methods and tools for healthcare data anonymization: a literature review 医疗保健数据匿名化的方法和工具:文献综述
IF 2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.1080/03081079.2023.2173749
Olga Vovk, Gunnar Piho, P. Ross
Healthcare is a rapidly evolving field. Such development creates opportunities to provide better quality, evidence-based treatment, however, increasing privacy violations. Anonymization can be applied to share data safely. This paper is a literature review of methods and tools for anonymization that includes 1930 papers, 32 of which were selected for the final evaluation. This article is an updated and extended version of the research conducted by our team in 2020 (Vovk 2021a). We found that despite the variety of methods, there is no single method that fits all cases. Certain methods are more widely used and create a background for advanced and secure methods. Our research shows that anonymization methods are used in tools for simplification and automation. Among challenges related to the use of all anonymization methods, is the proper balance between risk and data utility and highlight that the anonymization process is not limited to only technical measures but interdisciplinary.
医疗保健是一个快速发展的领域。然而,这种发展为提供更高质量、循证治疗创造了机会,侵犯隐私的行为也在增加。匿名可以用于安全地共享数据。本文是对匿名化方法和工具的文献综述,包括1930篇论文,其中32篇被选中进行最终评估。本文是我们团队在2020年进行的研究的更新和扩展版本(Vovk 2021a)。我们发现,尽管方法多种多样,但没有一种方法适合所有情况。某些方法被更广泛地使用,并为高级和安全的方法创造了背景。我们的研究表明,匿名化方法被用于简化和自动化的工具中。与使用所有匿名化方法相关的挑战之一是风险和数据效用之间的适当平衡,并强调匿名化过程不仅限于技术措施,而且是跨学科的。
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引用次数: 1
GRAPGT: GRAdual patterns with gradualness threshold GRAPGT:具有渐变阈值的GRAdual图案
IF 2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.1080/03081079.2022.2162049
Michael Chirmeni Boujike, J. Lonlac, Norbert Tsopzé, E. Nguifo, L. P. Fotso
The traditional algorithms that extract the gradual patterns often face the problem of managing the quantity of mined patterns, and in many applications, the calculation of all these patterns can prove to be intractable for the user-defined frequency threshold. Moreover, the concept of gradualness is defined just as an increase or a decrease variation. Indeed, a gradualness is considered as soon as the values of the attribute on both objects are different. This does not take into account the level of variation. Then, the variation of is considered as the same way as that of . As a result, numerous quantities of patterns extracted by traditional algorithms can be presented to the user, although their gradualness (due to the small variation) could be only a noise in the data. To address this issue, this paper suggests introducing the gradualness threshold from which to consider an increase or a decrease variation. In contrast to the literature approaches, the proposed approach takes into account the user's preferences on the gradualness threshold. The user knowledge could be used to fix the value of gradualness threshold. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to extract gradual patterns on certain databases where state-of-the-art gradual patterns mining algorithms fail due to too large search space. Moreover, results from an experimental evaluation on real databases show that the proposed algorithm is scalable, efficient, and can eliminate numerous patterns that do not verify specific gradualness requirements to show a small set of patterns to the user.
传统的渐进式模式提取算法常常面临模式挖掘量管理的问题,并且在许多应用中,对于用户自定义的频率阈值,所有这些模式的计算都很棘手。此外,渐进性的概念被定义为增加或减少的变化。实际上,只要两个对象上的属性值不同,就会考虑渐变。这并没有考虑到变异的程度。的变化与的变化相同。因此,通过传统算法提取的大量模式可以呈现给用户,尽管它们的渐进性(由于变化小)可能只是数据中的噪声。为了解决这一问题,本文建议引入渐进式阈值来考虑增减变化。与文献方法相比,本文提出的方法考虑了用户对渐进性阈值的偏好。用户知识可以用来确定渐变阈值。本文提出的算法使得在某些数据库中提取渐进式模式成为可能,而现有的渐进式模式挖掘算法由于搜索空间太大而无法实现。此外,在真实数据库上的实验评估结果表明,该算法具有可扩展性和有效性,并且可以消除大量不验证特定渐进性要求的模式,从而向用户显示一小部分模式。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient distributed algorithms for distance join queries in spark-based spatial analytics systems 基于spark的空间分析系统中距离连接查询的高效分布式算法
IF 2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.1080/03081079.2023.2173750
Francisco García-García, A. Corral, L. Iribarne, M. Vassilakopoulos
ABSTRACT Apache Sedona (formerly GeoSpark) is a new in-memory cluster computing system for processing large-scale spatial data, which extends the core of Apache Spark to support spatial datatypes, partitioning techniques, spatial indexes, and spatial operations (e.g. spatial range, nearest neighbor, and spatial join queries). Distance-based Join Queries (DJQs), like nearest neighbor join (kNNJQ) or closest pairs queries (kCPQ), are not supported by it. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate how to design and implement efficient DJQ distributed algorithms in Apache Sedona, using the most appropriate spatial partitioning and other optimization techniques. The results of an extensive set of experiments with real-world datasets are presented, demonstrating that the proposed kNNJQ and kCPQ distributed algorithms are efficient, scalable, and robust in Apache Sedona. Finally, Sedona is also compared to other similar cluster computing systems, showing the best performance for kCPQ and competitive results for kNNJQ.
Apache Sedona(以前的GeoSpark)是一个新的内存集群计算系统,用于处理大规模空间数据,它扩展了Apache Spark的核心,以支持空间数据类型,分区技术,空间索引和空间操作(例如空间范围,最近邻和空间连接查询)。它不支持基于距离的连接查询(djq),如最近邻连接(kNNJQ)或最近邻对查询(kCPQ)。因此,在本文中,我们研究如何在Apache Sedona中设计和实现高效的DJQ分布式算法,使用最合适的空间划分和其他优化技术。在实际数据集上进行的大量实验结果表明,所提出的kNNJQ和kCPQ分布式算法在Apache Sedona中是高效的、可扩展的和鲁棒的。最后,还将Sedona与其他类似的集群计算系统进行了比较,显示了kCPQ的最佳性能和kNNJQ的竞争结果。
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引用次数: 2
Building with/on Howard T. Odum’s theory of information 建立在Howard T. Odum的信息理论之上
IF 2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2023-02-19 DOI: 10.1080/03081079.2022.2162048
Thomas Abel
Over a long and renowned career, HT Odum assembled an original body of ecological and energy systems science. Perhaps less well known are his ideas about information. Beginning in an era of information theory and cybernetics, Odum built upon and moved away from many of the trends in information, linking biodiversity and culture to his energy systems principles of maximum empower and hierarchy. What emerged was a unique understanding of what information IS and what it DOES. The first goal of this paper is to piece together Odum’s theory of information from his many writings. The second goal is to attempt to build on this body of ideas to extend its reach, and to build with his ideas in new directions, but in directions that he would recognize to be in his energy systems science tradition. The result will be two proposed corollaries to his Fifth Energy Law, a Hierarchy of Cultural Information, and a Hierarchy of Manufactured Objects.
在漫长而著名的职业生涯中,HT Odum汇集了生态和能源系统科学的原始体。也许不太为人所知的是他关于信息的观点。从信息论和控制论的时代开始,奥达姆建立在信息的许多趋势之上,又远离了这些趋势,将生物多样性和文化与他的能量系统原则联系起来,即最大的权力和等级。由此产生的是对信息是什么以及它能做什么的独特理解。本文的第一个目标是从奥达姆的许多著作中拼凑出他的信息理论。第二个目标是尝试建立在这个思想体系的基础上,扩展其范围,并将他的思想建立在新的方向上,但是在他认为属于他的能源系统科学传统的方向上。结果将是他的第五能量定律的两个推论,文化信息的层次和制造对象的层次。
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引用次数: 1
A new divergence measure for belief functions and its applications 一种新的信念函数散度测度及其应用
IF 2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/03081079.2022.2151006
Manpreet Kaur, Amit Kumar Srivastava
ABSTRACT Information fusion in uncertain and complex environments is highly challenging. Dempster–Shafer (D-S) evidence theory has been successfully applied by various researchers in multi-sensor data fusion. However, it yields counterintuitive results in case of highly conflicting evidence. In this paper, we have developed a new divergence measure for belief functions that is nonnegative, symmetric, and satisfies the triangle inequality. Using the developed divergence measure, an algorithm for combining distinct basic probability assignments (BPAs) has been discussed and applied in target recognition systems and classification problems.
不确定和复杂环境下的信息融合具有很高的挑战性。Dempster-Shafer (D-S)证据理论已经被许多研究者成功地应用于多传感器数据融合中。然而,在证据高度矛盾的情况下,它会产生反直觉的结果。本文给出了一种新的非负的、对称的、满足三角不等式的信念函数的散度测度。利用所提出的散度测度,讨论了一种结合不同基本概率分配的算法,并将其应用于目标识别系统和分类问题。
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引用次数: 2
Attribute reduction for set-valued data based on D–S evidence theory 基于D-S证据理论的集值数据属性约简
IF 2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2022-11-17 DOI: 10.1080/03081079.2022.2086241
Qinli Zhang, Lulu Li
It is more difficult to manipulate a set-valued decision information system (SVDIS) than common information system due to its strong uncertainty. D–S evidence theory can accurately express the unknowness and uncertainty of knowledge and information, so it has a strong ability to deal with uncertainty. This paper studies the measurement of uncertainty based on D–S evidence theory in an SVDIS. First, a novel pseudo-distance between two objects in an SVDIS considering decision attributes is proposed, Second, the tolerance relation based on the pseudo-distance is established. And then, the belief and plausibility are defined on the basis of the tolerance relation. Experimental and statistical analysis show that the defined belief and plausibility work well in measuring the uncertainty of an SVDIS. Furthermore, λ-belief, λ-belief significance, λ-plausibility and λ-plausibility significance reduction algorithms based on the defined belief and plausibility are proposed and the equivalence between λ-belief reduction algorithm and λ-plausibility reduction algorithm is proved. Experimental results and statistical tests on six data sets with missing values from UCI show that the proposed reduction algorithms are statistically superior to some state-of-the-art algorithms in classification accuracy. These findings will provide a wider perspective on the uncertainty of an SVDIS.
由于集值决策信息系统具有较强的不确定性,它比一般信息系统更难操作。D–S证据理论能够准确地表达知识和信息的未知性和不确定性,因此具有较强的处理不确定性的能力。本文研究了SVDIS中基于D–S证据理论的不确定度测量。首先,在考虑决策属性的SVDIS中,提出了一种新的两个对象之间的伪距离,其次,建立了基于伪距离的容差关系。然后,在容忍关系的基础上定义了置信度和合理性。实验和统计分析表明,所定义的置信度和合理性在测量SVDIS的不确定性方面效果良好。此外,基于定义的置信度和似然性,提出了λ-置信度、λ-置信显著性、λ-似然性和λ-似然显著性约简算法,并证明了λ-可信约简算法与λ-似然约简算法的等价性。实验结果和对UCI中六个缺失值的数据集的统计测试表明,所提出的约简算法在分类精度上优于一些最先进的算法。这些发现将为SVDIS的不确定性提供更广泛的视角。
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引用次数: 1
Advancing construction of conditional probability tables of Bayesian networks with ranked nodes method 用排序节点法推进贝叶斯网络条件概率表的构建
IF 2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2022-11-17 DOI: 10.1080/03081079.2022.2086541
Pekka Laitila, K. Virtanen
System models based on Bayesian networks (BNs) are widely applied in different areas. This paper facilitates the use of such models by advancing the ranked nodes method (RNM) for constructing conditional probability tables (CPTs) of BNs by expert elicitation. In RNM, the CPT of a child node is generated using a function known as the weight expression and weights of parent nodes that are elicited from the expert. However, there is a lack of exact guidelines for eliciting these parameters which complicates the use of RNM. To mitigate this issue, this paper introduces a novel framework for supporting the RNM parameter elicitation. First, the expert assesses the two most probable states of the child node in scenarios that correspond to extreme states of the parent nodes. Then, a feasible weight expression and a feasible weight set are computationally determined. Finally, the expert selects weight values from this set.
基于贝叶斯网络的系统模型在不同领域有着广泛的应用。本文通过提出通过专家启发构建贝叶斯网络条件概率表的排序节点法(RNM),为此类模型的使用提供了便利。在RNM中,子节点的CPT是使用称为权重表达式的函数和从专家那里得出的父节点的权重来生成的。然而,缺乏获取这些参数的确切指南,这使RNM的使用变得复杂。为了缓解这个问题,本文介绍了一种支持RNM参数启发的新框架。首先,专家评估在与父节点的极端状态相对应的场景中子节点的两种最可能的状态。然后,通过计算确定了可行权表达式和可行权集。最后,专家从这个集合中选择权重值。
{"title":"Advancing construction of conditional probability tables of Bayesian networks with ranked nodes method","authors":"Pekka Laitila, K. Virtanen","doi":"10.1080/03081079.2022.2086541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2022.2086541","url":null,"abstract":"System models based on Bayesian networks (BNs) are widely applied in different areas. This paper facilitates the use of such models by advancing the ranked nodes method (RNM) for constructing conditional probability tables (CPTs) of BNs by expert elicitation. In RNM, the CPT of a child node is generated using a function known as the weight expression and weights of parent nodes that are elicited from the expert. However, there is a lack of exact guidelines for eliciting these parameters which complicates the use of RNM. To mitigate this issue, this paper introduces a novel framework for supporting the RNM parameter elicitation. First, the expert assesses the two most probable states of the child node in scenarios that correspond to extreme states of the parent nodes. Then, a feasible weight expression and a feasible weight set are computationally determined. Finally, the expert selects weight values from this set.","PeriodicalId":50322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Systems","volume":"51 1","pages":"758 - 790"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41610942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Interval and BUI type basic uncertain information in multi-sources evaluation and rules based decision making 多源评价和规则决策中的区间和BUI型基本不确定信息
IF 2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2022-11-09 DOI: 10.1080/03081079.2022.2142217
Lesheng Jin, R. Yager, Zhen-Song Chen, Jana Špirková, R. Mesiar
This study defines interval type basic uncertain information and BUI type basic uncertain information, which are two extensions of basic uncertain information and can model more types of uncertainties and uncertainty involved evaluation problems. Under rules based and linguistic decision making environments, we analyze and provide some classification rules with real values, interval values, BUI granules, interval type basic uncertain information and BUI type basic uncertain information. Using the proposed new concepts and decision making methods, an illustrative example in preference and uncertainty involved multi-source evaluation is presented.
本研究定义了区间型基本不确定信息和BUI型基本不确定信息,它们是基本不确定信息的两种扩展,可以对更多类型的不确定性和涉及评估问题的不确定性进行建模。在基于规则和语言的决策环境下,分析并提供了包含实值、区间值、BUI颗粒、区间型基本不确定信息和BUI型基本不确定信息的分类规则。利用提出的新概念和决策方法,给出了一个涉及多源评价的偏好和不确定性的实例。
{"title":"Interval and BUI type basic uncertain information in multi-sources evaluation and rules based decision making","authors":"Lesheng Jin, R. Yager, Zhen-Song Chen, Jana Špirková, R. Mesiar","doi":"10.1080/03081079.2022.2142217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2022.2142217","url":null,"abstract":"This study defines interval type basic uncertain information and BUI type basic uncertain information, which are two extensions of basic uncertain information and can model more types of uncertainties and uncertainty involved evaluation problems. Under rules based and linguistic decision making environments, we analyze and provide some classification rules with real values, interval values, BUI granules, interval type basic uncertain information and BUI type basic uncertain information. Using the proposed new concepts and decision making methods, an illustrative example in preference and uncertainty involved multi-source evaluation is presented.","PeriodicalId":50322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Systems","volume":"52 1","pages":"443 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48867123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Adaptive output consensus of nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems: a fractional-order backstepping approach 非线性分数阶多智能体系统的自适应输出一致性:一种分数阶backstepping方法
IF 2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2022-11-06 DOI: 10.1080/03081079.2022.2132488
Milad Shahvali, Ali Azarbahram, N. Pariz
This paper presents the distributed control design for a class of fractional-order strict-feedback nonlinear multi-agent systems in the presence of unknown dynamics by employing backstepping strategy. Considering that the information of followers’ states are not fully measurable for feedback design, the fractional-order infinite-dimension neural-network state observer is introduced to estimate the unavailable states. The infinite-dimension neuroadaptive laws are also proposed to eliminate the undesirable effects of the unknown nonlinear functions. Besides, based on the Lyapunov fractional-order stability approach and graph theory, unlike the existing results, a distributed neural adaptive observer-based control architecture is designed to ensure that all the closed-loop network signals are ultimately bounded. Finally, a simulation example is given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control method.
针对一类存在未知动力学的分数阶严格反馈非线性多智能体系统,采用backstepping策略进行了分布式控制设计。考虑到反馈设计中跟随者状态信息不完全可测量,引入分数阶无限维神经网络状态观测器来估计不可用状态。为了消除未知非线性函数的不良影响,还提出了无限维神经自适应律。此外,基于李雅普诺夫分数阶稳定性方法和图论,与现有结果不同,设计了一种基于分布式神经自适应观测器的控制结构,以确保所有闭环网络信号最终都是有界的。最后,通过仿真实例验证了该控制方法的有效性。
{"title":"Adaptive output consensus of nonlinear fractional-order multi-agent systems: a fractional-order backstepping approach","authors":"Milad Shahvali, Ali Azarbahram, N. Pariz","doi":"10.1080/03081079.2022.2132488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2022.2132488","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the distributed control design for a class of fractional-order strict-feedback nonlinear multi-agent systems in the presence of unknown dynamics by employing backstepping strategy. Considering that the information of followers’ states are not fully measurable for feedback design, the fractional-order infinite-dimension neural-network state observer is introduced to estimate the unavailable states. The infinite-dimension neuroadaptive laws are also proposed to eliminate the undesirable effects of the unknown nonlinear functions. Besides, based on the Lyapunov fractional-order stability approach and graph theory, unlike the existing results, a distributed neural adaptive observer-based control architecture is designed to ensure that all the closed-loop network signals are ultimately bounded. Finally, a simulation example is given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control method.","PeriodicalId":50322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Systems","volume":"52 1","pages":"147 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45193033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel robust stability conditions of fractional-order systems with structured uncertain parameters based on parameter-dependent functions: the 0 基于参数相关函数的具有结构不确定参数的分数阶系统新的鲁棒稳定性条件:0
IF 2 4区 计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/03081079.2022.2132489
Chenfei Kang, Jun‐Guo Lu, Xudong Qiu, Qing‐Hao Zhang
ABSTRACT In this paper, the robust stability of fractional-order systems with fractional order and structured uncertain parameters is considered. Firstly, novel robust stability conditions of the above systems are presented based on the parameter-dependent polynomial functions. Secondly, the existence of the parameter-dependent polynomial functions is transformed into linear matrix inequalities via the generalized Kalman-Yakubovič-Popov lemma. In addition, the above methods can also be applied to solve the robust stability of fractional-order systems with structured uncertainties or polytopic uncertainties. Finally, numerical examples are presented to show the proposed methods are less conservative than the existing methods.
研究了具有结构不确定参数的分数阶系统的鲁棒稳定性问题。首先,基于参数相关多项式函数,提出了上述系统的鲁棒稳定条件。其次,利用广义kalman - yakubovi - popov引理将参数相关多项式函数的存在性转化为线性矩阵不等式。此外,上述方法还可用于求解具有结构不确定性或多面体不确定性的分数阶系统的鲁棒稳定性问题。最后给出了数值算例,表明所提方法比现有方法具有更小的保守性。
{"title":"Novel robust stability conditions of fractional-order systems with structured uncertain parameters based on parameter-dependent functions: the 0","authors":"Chenfei Kang, Jun‐Guo Lu, Xudong Qiu, Qing‐Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1080/03081079.2022.2132489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2022.2132489","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, the robust stability of fractional-order systems with fractional order and structured uncertain parameters is considered. Firstly, novel robust stability conditions of the above systems are presented based on the parameter-dependent polynomial functions. Secondly, the existence of the parameter-dependent polynomial functions is transformed into linear matrix inequalities via the generalized Kalman-Yakubovič-Popov lemma. In addition, the above methods can also be applied to solve the robust stability of fractional-order systems with structured uncertainties or polytopic uncertainties. Finally, numerical examples are presented to show the proposed methods are less conservative than the existing methods.","PeriodicalId":50322,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of General Systems","volume":"52 1","pages":"169 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42478066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
期刊
International Journal of General Systems
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