Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14060808
Dario Priolo, C. Tolisano, Monica Brienza, D. Del Buono
Agricultural systems must improve their sustainability and productivity to meet the growing global demand for food. A cost-effective and sustainable way is the development of biostimulants from plants rich in bioactive compounds. This study aimed to test an aqueous extract from Lemna minor L. (duckweed) on tomato plants at different concentrations (LE—0.1, 0.5 and 1.0%—weight/volume, w/v). Photosystem I and II activity, linear electron flow (LEF), electrochemical gradient across the thylakoid membrane (ECSt), shoot biomass production, root phenotyping, pigment and metabolite content were studied. LE improved many of these traits, with LE 0.5% being the most effective dosage. Compared to the untreated samples, LE significantly stimulated photosystems to use light energy while reducing the amount lost as heat (PhiNPQ and NPQt) or potentially toxic to chloroplasts (PhiNO). These results were supported by the improved shoot biomass production (number of leaves and fresh and dry weight) and root traits (number of tips, surface, volume and fresh and dry weight) found for LE-treated samples compared to untreated controls. Finally, the study highlighted that LE increased pigment and flavonoid contents. In conclusion, the research indicates that this species can be an effective and eco-friendly tool to stimulate beneficial responses in tomato.
农业系统必须提高其可持续性和生产力，以满足全球日益增长的粮食需求。从富含生物活性化合物的植物中开发生物刺激剂是一种具有成本效益且可持续的方法。本研究旨在测试不同浓度（LE-0.1、0.5 和 1.0%-重量/体积，w/v）的小浮萍水提取物对番茄植株的影响。研究内容包括光系统 I 和 II 活性、线性电子流（LEF）、跨类木质膜电化学梯度（ECSt）、芽生物量产量、根表型、色素和代谢物含量。LE改善了许多性状，LE 0.5%是最有效的剂量。与未处理的样品相比，LE 能显著促进光合系统利用光能，同时减少热量损失（PhiNPQ 和 NPQt）或对叶绿体的潜在毒性损失（PhiNO）。与未经处理的对照组相比，经 LE 处理的样品的嫩枝生物量产量（叶片数量、鲜重和干重）和根系性状（根尖数量、表面、体积、鲜重和干重）均有所提高，这也证明了上述结果。最后，研究还强调，LE 增加了色素和类黄酮的含量。总之，研究表明，该物种可以作为一种有效且环保的工具，激发番茄的有益反应。
{"title":"Insight into the Biostimulant Effect of an Aqueous Duckweed Extract on Tomato Plants","authors":"Dario Priolo, C. Tolisano, Monica Brienza, D. Del Buono","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14060808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060808","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural systems must improve their sustainability and productivity to meet the growing global demand for food. A cost-effective and sustainable way is the development of biostimulants from plants rich in bioactive compounds. This study aimed to test an aqueous extract from Lemna minor L. (duckweed) on tomato plants at different concentrations (LE—0.1, 0.5 and 1.0%—weight/volume, w/v). Photosystem I and II activity, linear electron flow (LEF), electrochemical gradient across the thylakoid membrane (ECSt), shoot biomass production, root phenotyping, pigment and metabolite content were studied. LE improved many of these traits, with LE 0.5% being the most effective dosage. Compared to the untreated samples, LE significantly stimulated photosystems to use light energy while reducing the amount lost as heat (PhiNPQ and NPQt) or potentially toxic to chloroplasts (PhiNO). These results were supported by the improved shoot biomass production (number of leaves and fresh and dry weight) and root traits (number of tips, surface, volume and fresh and dry weight) found for LE-treated samples compared to untreated controls. Finally, the study highlighted that LE increased pigment and flavonoid contents. In conclusion, the research indicates that this species can be an effective and eco-friendly tool to stimulate beneficial responses in tomato.","PeriodicalId":503580,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"49 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14060805
Cássia R. A. Gomes, Mateus A. M. Batista, Yara M. M. Ferraz, Matheus F. Trivellato, Gustavo A. Siniscalchi, G. V. Polycarpo, E. Rigobelo, David De Jong, Daniela Nicodemo
Honey bee colonies rapidly decline when confined to greenhouses, increasing pollination rental costs as they need to be replaced frequently. We tested a hive system with entrances that can be manipulated to direct bees inside or outside greenhouses containing a zucchini crop. In one greenhouse, the bees could only forage inside for 15 days; in another, bees were directed to the inside from 5 to 9 a.m., after which they only foraged outside. This procedure was repeated two more times in each greenhouse with new hives. Data were collected on how the number of bee flower visits affected fruit production, the frequency of flower visits, and the amount of bee brood and food in the hives. Flowers visited by bees four times or more set more and larger fruit. The frequency of flower visits by bees from the hives confined to the greenhouse was reduced after eight days; it was not reduced in the greenhouse with bees that could forage outside. The bee brood area was reduced in the colonies that were confined to the greenhouse, while it was maintained in the semi-confined hives. The hives with controllable entrances proved effective for pollination, while causing less damage to the bees.
{"title":"A Hive Entrance System That Directs Honey Bees Inside or Outside a Greenhouse Reduced Colony Decline While Effectively Pollinating Zucchini Squash","authors":"Cássia R. A. Gomes, Mateus A. M. Batista, Yara M. M. Ferraz, Matheus F. Trivellato, Gustavo A. Siniscalchi, G. V. Polycarpo, E. Rigobelo, David De Jong, Daniela Nicodemo","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14060805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060805","url":null,"abstract":"Honey bee colonies rapidly decline when confined to greenhouses, increasing pollination rental costs as they need to be replaced frequently. We tested a hive system with entrances that can be manipulated to direct bees inside or outside greenhouses containing a zucchini crop. In one greenhouse, the bees could only forage inside for 15 days; in another, bees were directed to the inside from 5 to 9 a.m., after which they only foraged outside. This procedure was repeated two more times in each greenhouse with new hives. Data were collected on how the number of bee flower visits affected fruit production, the frequency of flower visits, and the amount of bee brood and food in the hives. Flowers visited by bees four times or more set more and larger fruit. The frequency of flower visits by bees from the hives confined to the greenhouse was reduced after eight days; it was not reduced in the greenhouse with bees that could forage outside. The bee brood area was reduced in the colonies that were confined to the greenhouse, while it was maintained in the semi-confined hives. The hives with controllable entrances proved effective for pollination, while causing less damage to the bees.","PeriodicalId":503580,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141107803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14060812
Nikolina A. Matić, Marija V. Ćosić, Djordje P. Božović, Silvia Poponessi, Sara D. Pavkov, Michal Goga, Milorad M. Vujičić, A. Sabovljević, Marko S. Sabovljević
There is limited evidence on bryophyte-tracheophyte allelopathic interactions. Even less is known about such relationships among commercially important plants and mosses. With the aim of screening such interactions, various extract concentrations of nine different mosses were tested on the seed germination and seedlings, i.e., hypocotyl elongation and total chlorophyll content of lettuce and radish. The allelopathic effects are documented to be pairwise (moss-vegetable) and species-specific. Based on the results, the extracts of Leucodon sciuroides and Dicranum polysetum are not harmful to lettuce and radish. Lower extract concentrations of Leucodon sciuroides and Ctenidium molluscum have a positive effect on lettuce development, while those of Thuidium delicatulum, Ctenidium molluscum, and Dicranum polysetum showed to be effective on radish. Further, negative effects were noticed when applying higher extract concentration of Abietinella abietina, Isothecium alopecuroides, Dicranum polysetum, and Racomitrium elongatum to lettuce and Isothecium alopecuroides to radish. The dataset presented in this study offers numerous possibilities for further target pest/vegetable type applications since some of the moss extracts are shown to be positive, negative, or indifferent to the tested features in lettuce and radish.
{"title":"Evidence of Allelopathy among Selected Moss Species with Lettuce and Radish","authors":"Nikolina A. Matić, Marija V. Ćosić, Djordje P. Božović, Silvia Poponessi, Sara D. Pavkov, Michal Goga, Milorad M. Vujičić, A. Sabovljević, Marko S. Sabovljević","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14060812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060812","url":null,"abstract":"There is limited evidence on bryophyte-tracheophyte allelopathic interactions. Even less is known about such relationships among commercially important plants and mosses. With the aim of screening such interactions, various extract concentrations of nine different mosses were tested on the seed germination and seedlings, i.e., hypocotyl elongation and total chlorophyll content of lettuce and radish. The allelopathic effects are documented to be pairwise (moss-vegetable) and species-specific. Based on the results, the extracts of Leucodon sciuroides and Dicranum polysetum are not harmful to lettuce and radish. Lower extract concentrations of Leucodon sciuroides and Ctenidium molluscum have a positive effect on lettuce development, while those of Thuidium delicatulum, Ctenidium molluscum, and Dicranum polysetum showed to be effective on radish. Further, negative effects were noticed when applying higher extract concentration of Abietinella abietina, Isothecium alopecuroides, Dicranum polysetum, and Racomitrium elongatum to lettuce and Isothecium alopecuroides to radish. The dataset presented in this study offers numerous possibilities for further target pest/vegetable type applications since some of the moss extracts are shown to be positive, negative, or indifferent to the tested features in lettuce and radish.","PeriodicalId":503580,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"34 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14060810
Jie Yang, K. Su, Ziyi Zhang, Sihan Guo, Yilei Hou, Yali Wen
The green production behaviors of farmers in protected areas (PAs) can reduce environmental disturbances and contribute to the effectiveness of PAs. Based on a survey of 708 farmers in Wuyishan National Park (WNP) and Crested Ibis Nature Reserve (CINR), we studied the influence of perceived benefit and policy incentive on farmers’ organic fertilizer application. Results: (1) Perceived benefit, subsidies policy, and propaganda policy significantly promoted farmers’ organic fertilizer application, with perceived benefit having the strongest effect, followed by subsidies policy. The influence of restriction policy was not significant. (2) Perceived benefit, subsidies policy, and propaganda policy indirectly influenced organic fertilizer application through ecological awareness. (3) In WNP, perceived benefit had the strongest effect on organic fertilizer application, and subsidies policy significantly enhanced farmers’ ecological awareness and influenced their behaviors. In contrast, subsidies policy had the strongest effect on organic fertilizer application, but did not significantly enhance farmers’ ecological awareness in CINR. These results offer valuable insights for promoting green production behaviors of farmers in PAs. This study implies that there must be a pathway for the realization of ecological value in ecological protection. Ecological value realization is the endogenous motivation for farmers’ sustainable green production behaviors. However, government subsidies and guidance are also essential in the early stage.
{"title":"Perceived Benefit, Policy Incentive and Farmers’ Organic Fertilizer Application in Protected Areas","authors":"Jie Yang, K. Su, Ziyi Zhang, Sihan Guo, Yilei Hou, Yali Wen","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14060810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060810","url":null,"abstract":"The green production behaviors of farmers in protected areas (PAs) can reduce environmental disturbances and contribute to the effectiveness of PAs. Based on a survey of 708 farmers in Wuyishan National Park (WNP) and Crested Ibis Nature Reserve (CINR), we studied the influence of perceived benefit and policy incentive on farmers’ organic fertilizer application. Results: (1) Perceived benefit, subsidies policy, and propaganda policy significantly promoted farmers’ organic fertilizer application, with perceived benefit having the strongest effect, followed by subsidies policy. The influence of restriction policy was not significant. (2) Perceived benefit, subsidies policy, and propaganda policy indirectly influenced organic fertilizer application through ecological awareness. (3) In WNP, perceived benefit had the strongest effect on organic fertilizer application, and subsidies policy significantly enhanced farmers’ ecological awareness and influenced their behaviors. In contrast, subsidies policy had the strongest effect on organic fertilizer application, but did not significantly enhance farmers’ ecological awareness in CINR. These results offer valuable insights for promoting green production behaviors of farmers in PAs. This study implies that there must be a pathway for the realization of ecological value in ecological protection. Ecological value realization is the endogenous motivation for farmers’ sustainable green production behaviors. However, government subsidies and guidance are also essential in the early stage.","PeriodicalId":503580,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"28 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14060814
Shinichi Kurihara, Yuki Yano, Atsushi Maruyama
Japan’s susceptibility to and severity of floods have necessitated flood control policies by the government. “Overflowing flood control”, in which the floods due to torrential rains are systematically diverted to agricultural lands in the upper to middle reaches, is one of them. More information is needed on the public assessment of the overflowing flood control policy, and this research seeks to bridge this gap. Data evaluating rice affected by the policy were collected from a random nth-price auction using a developed online system. The sample consisted of 47 consumers living in the downstream areas of the Edogawa River, one of Japan’s first-class, or prime, rivers. Data on their attitudes toward the policy were collected with a questionnaire. Multiple ordered probit models are used for regression analysis. The results show that the sample respondents were willing to pay an average of JPY 1578 for 5 kg of rice, slightly higher than the national average rice production cost, and that 36% of the sample agreed with the flood control policy, which is positively associated with large families or owning many assets.
{"title":"Economic Implications of Government Flood Control Policy: A Case of Rice in Japan","authors":"Shinichi Kurihara, Yuki Yano, Atsushi Maruyama","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14060814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060814","url":null,"abstract":"Japan’s susceptibility to and severity of floods have necessitated flood control policies by the government. “Overflowing flood control”, in which the floods due to torrential rains are systematically diverted to agricultural lands in the upper to middle reaches, is one of them. More information is needed on the public assessment of the overflowing flood control policy, and this research seeks to bridge this gap. Data evaluating rice affected by the policy were collected from a random nth-price auction using a developed online system. The sample consisted of 47 consumers living in the downstream areas of the Edogawa River, one of Japan’s first-class, or prime, rivers. Data on their attitudes toward the policy were collected with a questionnaire. Multiple ordered probit models are used for regression analysis. The results show that the sample respondents were willing to pay an average of JPY 1578 for 5 kg of rice, slightly higher than the national average rice production cost, and that 36% of the sample agreed with the flood control policy, which is positively associated with large families or owning many assets.","PeriodicalId":503580,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"25 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14060807
Beatriz de Oliveira Possagnolo, Isabella Cardoso Ferreira da Silva Condotta, M. N. Amorim, Érik dos Santos Harada, Sônia Maria de Stefano Piedade, Daniele Aparecida Mendonça Cipriano, Késia Oliveira da Silva-Miranda
To boost productivity in pig production, it is essential to improve the litter size per sow. However, achieving this goal requires reducing newborn mortality rates and increasing their weight gain. In this regard, prioritizing animal welfare and adopting practices that promote sustainability in the activity is crucial. The study aimed to evaluate the sustainable flooring coverage of farrowing crates, considering piglet adaptation, thermal comfort, animal development, and increased productivity. Three types of flooring treatments were defined: T1—wood shavings; T2—solid rubber mat; T3—perforated rubber mat, for 12 litters (±50 animals/treatment). Behavior, physiology, piglet production indices, and facility microclimate were assessed. The facility’s microclimate indicated the possibility of cold stress. There was a greater preference for the mat treatments among the animals, as they remained on them for longer periods and showed increased activity in the farrowing crates. The presence of mats resulted in lower mortality due to crushing, positively contributing to production. These findings suggest the potential of using recyclable rubber mats in pig production and encourage the exploration of new designs and installation locations.
{"title":"Recyclable Rubber Flooring in Farrowing Crates and Its Influence on the Development and Welfare of Piglets in the Maternity Phase","authors":"Beatriz de Oliveira Possagnolo, Isabella Cardoso Ferreira da Silva Condotta, M. N. Amorim, Érik dos Santos Harada, Sônia Maria de Stefano Piedade, Daniele Aparecida Mendonça Cipriano, Késia Oliveira da Silva-Miranda","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14060807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060807","url":null,"abstract":"To boost productivity in pig production, it is essential to improve the litter size per sow. However, achieving this goal requires reducing newborn mortality rates and increasing their weight gain. In this regard, prioritizing animal welfare and adopting practices that promote sustainability in the activity is crucial. The study aimed to evaluate the sustainable flooring coverage of farrowing crates, considering piglet adaptation, thermal comfort, animal development, and increased productivity. Three types of flooring treatments were defined: T1—wood shavings; T2—solid rubber mat; T3—perforated rubber mat, for 12 litters (±50 animals/treatment). Behavior, physiology, piglet production indices, and facility microclimate were assessed. The facility’s microclimate indicated the possibility of cold stress. There was a greater preference for the mat treatments among the animals, as they remained on them for longer periods and showed increased activity in the farrowing crates. The presence of mats resulted in lower mortality due to crushing, positively contributing to production. These findings suggest the potential of using recyclable rubber mats in pig production and encourage the exploration of new designs and installation locations.","PeriodicalId":503580,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"43 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14060806
B. Breza-Boruta, Piotr Kanarek, Zbigniew Paluszak, Anna-Karina Kaczorowska, G. Gryń
One of the most noticeable problems associated with the close location of piggeries is gaseous compounds emission. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions affect the quality of life of people living in the vicinity of such facilities. Among the diverse methods for managing and controlling malodorous substances, biological methods, which involve the utilization of microbiological agents, are widely employed. The use of bacterial strains is a relatively simple, low-cost, and ecological method. The study aimed to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the implementation of a novel consortium of deodorizing bacteria. The study involved the selection of bacteria, assessment of the antagonistic properties, implementation of the inoculum in a mesh-filled biofilter, and analysis of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and fine dust content in the air before and after passing through the mature biological bed. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the biofiltration bed in reducing ammonia levels, with a maximum decrease observed at 73.90%. For hydrogen sulfide, a removal efficiency of >72.08% was observed. Reduction in fine dust pollution also decreased from a level of 3.75 mg/m3 to 1.06 mg/m3. The study’s findings demonstrate the promising potential of utilizing a consortium of deodorizing bacteria as an effective approach to mitigating emissions from piggeries.
{"title":"Sustainable Livestock Production: Screening Analysis and Pilot Implementation of a Biofilm in Piggery Biofilters for Mitigation of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions","authors":"B. Breza-Boruta, Piotr Kanarek, Zbigniew Paluszak, Anna-Karina Kaczorowska, G. Gryń","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14060806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060806","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most noticeable problems associated with the close location of piggeries is gaseous compounds emission. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions affect the quality of life of people living in the vicinity of such facilities. Among the diverse methods for managing and controlling malodorous substances, biological methods, which involve the utilization of microbiological agents, are widely employed. The use of bacterial strains is a relatively simple, low-cost, and ecological method. The study aimed to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the implementation of a novel consortium of deodorizing bacteria. The study involved the selection of bacteria, assessment of the antagonistic properties, implementation of the inoculum in a mesh-filled biofilter, and analysis of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and fine dust content in the air before and after passing through the mature biological bed. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the biofiltration bed in reducing ammonia levels, with a maximum decrease observed at 73.90%. For hydrogen sulfide, a removal efficiency of >72.08% was observed. Reduction in fine dust pollution also decreased from a level of 3.75 mg/m3 to 1.06 mg/m3. The study’s findings demonstrate the promising potential of utilizing a consortium of deodorizing bacteria as an effective approach to mitigating emissions from piggeries.","PeriodicalId":503580,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of this study is to assess the impacts of ripening stage of four Solanum fruit species: (Solanum melanocerasum, Solanum nigrum, Solanum villosum, and Solanum retroflexum) on the content of amino acids and protein. Our objective is to enhance comprehension of the maturity process, with a particular focus on Solanum fruits, in order to determine the most advantageous time for harvesting. Amino acids play a crucial role in human nutrition by serving as building blocks for various primary and secondary metabolites. They are either a source of nutraceutical substances or important dietary components. The studied Solanum fruit’s amino acid profiles were found essential and nonessential amino acids. Our findings showed that dominant amino acids were nonessential amino acids. Depending on the ripening stage, the nonessential amino acid content of the Solanum melanocerasum fruits varied from 8.22 to 9.25 g 100 g−1, Solanum villosum from 5.34 to 6.60 g 100 g−1, Solanum nigrum from 6.12 to 8.73 g 100 g−1, and Solanum retroflexum from 8.27 to 9.75 g 100 g−1. A differentiated level of total protein is found in Solanum fruits at different ripening stages. The interval was from 10.62 to 28.06 g 100 g−1 depending on species or ripening stages.
{"title":"Amino Acid Changes during Maturation in Solanum Fruit","authors":"Jūratė Staveckienė, Brigita Medveckienė, Viktorija Vaštakaitė-Kairienė, Jurgita Kulaitienė, Elvyra Jarienė","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14060802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060802","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study is to assess the impacts of ripening stage of four Solanum fruit species: (Solanum melanocerasum, Solanum nigrum, Solanum villosum, and Solanum retroflexum) on the content of amino acids and protein. Our objective is to enhance comprehension of the maturity process, with a particular focus on Solanum fruits, in order to determine the most advantageous time for harvesting. Amino acids play a crucial role in human nutrition by serving as building blocks for various primary and secondary metabolites. They are either a source of nutraceutical substances or important dietary components. The studied Solanum fruit’s amino acid profiles were found essential and nonessential amino acids. Our findings showed that dominant amino acids were nonessential amino acids. Depending on the ripening stage, the nonessential amino acid content of the Solanum melanocerasum fruits varied from 8.22 to 9.25 g 100 g−1, Solanum villosum from 5.34 to 6.60 g 100 g−1, Solanum nigrum from 6.12 to 8.73 g 100 g−1, and Solanum retroflexum from 8.27 to 9.75 g 100 g−1. A differentiated level of total protein is found in Solanum fruits at different ripening stages. The interval was from 10.62 to 28.06 g 100 g−1 depending on species or ripening stages.","PeriodicalId":503580,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accurate prediction of crop yields is crucial for enhancing agricultural efficiency and ensuring food security. This study assesses the performance of the CNN-LSTM-Attention model in predicting the yields of maize, rice, and soybeans in Northeast China and compares its effectiveness with traditional models such as RF, XGBoost, and CNN. Utilizing multi-source data from 2014 to 2020, which include vegetation indices, environmental variables, and photosynthetically active parameters, our research examines the model’s capacity to capture essential spatial and temporal variations. The CNN-LSTM-Attention model integrates Convolutional Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory, and an attention mechanism to effectively process complex datasets and manage non-linear relationships within agricultural data. Notably, the study explores the potential of using kNDVI for predicting yields of multiple crops, highlighting its effectiveness. Our findings demonstrate that advanced deep-learning models significantly enhance yield prediction accuracy over traditional methods. We advocate for the incorporation of sophisticated deep-learning technologies in agricultural practices, which can substantially improve yield prediction accuracy and food production strategies.
{"title":"Deep Learning for Multi-Source Data-Driven Crop Yield Prediction in Northeast China","authors":"Jian Lu, Jian Li, Hongkun Fu, Xuhui Tang, Zhao Liu, Hui Chen, Yue Sun, Xiangyu Ning","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14060794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060794","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate prediction of crop yields is crucial for enhancing agricultural efficiency and ensuring food security. This study assesses the performance of the CNN-LSTM-Attention model in predicting the yields of maize, rice, and soybeans in Northeast China and compares its effectiveness with traditional models such as RF, XGBoost, and CNN. Utilizing multi-source data from 2014 to 2020, which include vegetation indices, environmental variables, and photosynthetically active parameters, our research examines the model’s capacity to capture essential spatial and temporal variations. The CNN-LSTM-Attention model integrates Convolutional Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory, and an attention mechanism to effectively process complex datasets and manage non-linear relationships within agricultural data. Notably, the study explores the potential of using kNDVI for predicting yields of multiple crops, highlighting its effectiveness. Our findings demonstrate that advanced deep-learning models significantly enhance yield prediction accuracy over traditional methods. We advocate for the incorporation of sophisticated deep-learning technologies in agricultural practices, which can substantially improve yield prediction accuracy and food production strategies.","PeriodicalId":503580,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"93 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-22DOI: 10.3390/agriculture14060800
Xiantao He, Jinting Zhu, Pinxuan Li, Dongxing Zhang, Li Yang, Tao Cui, Kailiang Zhang, Xiaolong Lin
Haploid breeding can shorten the breeding period of new maize varieties and is an important means to increase maize yield. In the breeding program, a large number of haploid seeds need to be screened, and this step is mainly achieved manually, which hinders the industrialization of haploid maize breeding. This article aims to develop a multispectral camera to identify the haploid seeds automatically. The camera was manufactured by replacing narrow-band filters of the ordinary CCD camera, and the RGB, 405 nm, 980 nm and 1050 nm images of haploid or diploid seeds were simultaneously captured (the characteristic wavelengths were determined according to color and high-oil markers of maize). The performance was tested using four maize varieties with the two genetic markers. The results show that the developed multispectral camera significantly improved the recognition accuracy of haploid maize seeds to 92.33%, 97.33%, 97% and 93.33% for the TYD1903, TYD1904, TYD1907 and TYD1908 varieties, respectively. The cameras in the near-infrared region (wavelengths of 980 nm and 1050 nm) achieved better performance for the varieties of high-oil marker, with an increase of 0.84% and 1.5%, respectively. These results demonstrate the strong potential of the multispectral imaging technology in the haploid seed identification of maize.
{"title":"Research on a Multi-Lens Multispectral Camera for Identifying Haploid Maize Seeds","authors":"Xiantao He, Jinting Zhu, Pinxuan Li, Dongxing Zhang, Li Yang, Tao Cui, Kailiang Zhang, Xiaolong Lin","doi":"10.3390/agriculture14060800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060800","url":null,"abstract":"Haploid breeding can shorten the breeding period of new maize varieties and is an important means to increase maize yield. In the breeding program, a large number of haploid seeds need to be screened, and this step is mainly achieved manually, which hinders the industrialization of haploid maize breeding. This article aims to develop a multispectral camera to identify the haploid seeds automatically. The camera was manufactured by replacing narrow-band filters of the ordinary CCD camera, and the RGB, 405 nm, 980 nm and 1050 nm images of haploid or diploid seeds were simultaneously captured (the characteristic wavelengths were determined according to color and high-oil markers of maize). The performance was tested using four maize varieties with the two genetic markers. The results show that the developed multispectral camera significantly improved the recognition accuracy of haploid maize seeds to 92.33%, 97.33%, 97% and 93.33% for the TYD1903, TYD1904, TYD1907 and TYD1908 varieties, respectively. The cameras in the near-infrared region (wavelengths of 980 nm and 1050 nm) achieved better performance for the varieties of high-oil marker, with an increase of 0.84% and 1.5%, respectively. These results demonstrate the strong potential of the multispectral imaging technology in the haploid seed identification of maize.","PeriodicalId":503580,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture","volume":"54 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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