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An Intent-based System Configuration Design for IT/NW Services with Functional and Quantitative Constraints 具有功能和数量约束的IT/NW服务基于意图的系统配置设计
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1587/TRANSCOM.2020CQP0009
Takuya Kuwahara, T. Kuroda, Takao Osaki, K. Satoda
Network service providers need to appropriately design systems and carefully configuring the settings and parameters to ensure that the systems keep running consistently and deliver the desired services. This can be a heavy and error-prone task. Intent-based system design methods have been developed to help with such tasks. These methods receive service-level requirements and generate service configurations to fulfill the given requirements. One such method is search-based system design, which can flexibly generate systems of various architectures. However, it has difficulty dealing with constraints on the quantitative parameters of systems, e.g., disk volume, RAM size, and QoS. To deal with practical cases, intent-based system design engines need to be able to handle quantitative parameters and constraints. In this work, we propose a new intent-based system design method based on search-based design that augments search states with quantitative constraints. Our method can generate a system that meets both functional and quantitative service requirements by combining a search-based design method with constraint checking. Experimental results show that our method can automatically generate a system that fulfills all given requirements within a reasonable computation time. key words: intent-based system configuration, automated system design, design space exploration, quantitative requirement
网络服务提供商需要适当地设计系统,并仔细配置设置和参数,以确保系统保持一致地运行并提供所需的服务。这可能是一项繁重且容易出错的任务。基于意图的系统设计方法已经被开发来帮助完成这些任务。这些方法接收服务级需求并生成服务配置以满足给定的需求。其中一种方法是基于搜索的系统设计,它可以灵活地生成各种体系结构的系统。然而,它很难处理系统定量参数的约束,例如磁盘体积、RAM大小和QoS。为了处理实际情况,基于意图的系统设计引擎需要能够处理定量参数和约束。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新的基于意图的系统设计方法,该方法基于基于搜索的设计,通过定量约束来增加搜索状态。该方法将基于搜索的设计方法与约束检查相结合,可以生成满足功能和定量服务需求的系统。实验结果表明,该方法可以在合理的计算时间内自动生成满足所有给定要求的系统。关键词:基于意图的系统组态;自动化系统设计;设计空间探索
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引用次数: 7
Derivation Procedure of Coefficients of Metadata-based Model for Adaptive Bitrate Streaming Services 自适应比特率流服务元数据模型系数推导过程
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1587/TRANSCOM.2020CQP0002
Kazuhisa Yamagishi, N. Egi, Noriko Yoshimura, Pierre R. Lebreton
Since the quality of video streaming services is degraded due to the encoding, network congestion, and lack of a playout buffer, the normality of services needs to be monitored by gathering the quality measured at the end clients. When measuring quality at the end clients, the computational power should be sufficiently low, the bitstream information cannot be accessed for the quality estimation due to the encryption, and reference video cannot be used at the end clients. Therefore, metadata-based models have been developed and standardized that take metadata such as the resolution, framerate, and bitrate, and stalling information as input and calculate the quality. However, calculated quality for linear TV and video on demand (VoD) services cannot be compared because metadata-based models cannot calculate the impacts of codec strategies (e.g., H.264/AVC, H.265/HEVC, and AV1) and configurations (e.g., 1-pass encoding for linear TV or 2-pass encoding for VoD) on the quality. To take into account the impact of codec strategies and configurations, coefficients of metadatabased model need to be optimized per codec strategy and configuration using subjective quality. However, extensive subjective assessment tests are difficult to frequently conduct because they are expensive and time consuming and need to be conducted by video quality experts. Therefore, to monitor the quality of several types of video streaming services (e.g., linear TV and VoD) and to compare these qualities, a derivation procedure is proposed for obtaining coefficients of metadata-based models using a fullreference model. To validate the procedure, extensive subjective assessment tests were conducted. Finally, it is shown that three metadata-based models (i.e., the P.1203.1 mode 0 model, extended P.1203.1 mode 0 model, and model proposed by Yamagishi et al.) based on the proposed procedure using the video multimethod assessment fusion (VMAF) algorithm estimate quality accurately in terms of root mean squared error. key words: adaptive bitrate streaming, codec configuration, full-reference model, metadata-based model
由于编码、网络拥塞和缺乏播放缓冲区导致视频流服务的质量下降,因此需要通过收集在终端客户端测量的质量来监控服务的正常运行。在终端客户端进行质量测量时,计算能力应足够低,由于加密,无法访问码流信息进行质量估计,并且不能在终端客户端使用参考视频。因此,基于元数据的模型被开发和标准化,该模型将分辨率、帧率、比特率和延迟信息等元数据作为输入并计算质量。然而,线性电视和视频点播(VoD)服务的计算质量无法进行比较,因为基于元数据的模型无法计算编解码器策略(例如H.264/AVC、H.265/HEVC和AV1)和配置(例如线性电视的1通编码或VoD的2通编码)对质量的影响。为了考虑编解码器策略和配置的影响,需要利用主观质量对每个编解码器策略和配置的元数据库模型系数进行优化。然而,广泛的主观评估测试很难经常进行,因为它们既昂贵又耗时,而且需要由视频质量专家进行。因此,为了监测几种类型的视频流服务(如线性电视和VoD)的质量并比较这些质量,提出了一个推导过程,用于使用全参考模型获得基于元数据的模型的系数。为了验证该程序,进行了广泛的主观评估测试。最后,利用视频多方法评估融合(VMAF)算法,基于所提出过程的三个基于元数据的模型(即P.1203.1模式0模型、扩展的P.1203.1模式0模型和Yamagishi等人提出的模型)能够准确地从均方根误差方面估计质量。关键词:自适应比特率流,编解码器配置,全参考模型,元数据模型
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引用次数: 0
Radiation Properties of Wideband Multi-Ring Microstrip Antennas Fed by an L-Probe for Single- and Dual-Band Operations l探针馈电宽带多环微带天线单双波段辐射特性研究
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1587/TRANSCOM.2020EBP3129
Y. Kimura, S. Saito, Y. Kimura, T. Fukunaga
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引用次数: 4
Efficient Data Diffusion and Elimination Control Method for Spatio-Temporal Data Retention System 时空数据保留系统中有效的数据扩散与消除控制方法
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1587/TRANSCOM.2020CQP0010
S. Yamasaki, Daiki Nobayashi, K. Tsukamoto, T. Ikenaga, J. L. Myung
With the development and spread of Internet of Things technologies, various types of data for IoT applications can be generated anywhere and at any time. Among such data, there are data that depend heavily on generation time and location. We define these data as spatiotemporal data (STD). In previous studies, we proposed a STD retention system using vehicular networks to achieve the “Local production and consumption of STD” paradigm. The system can quickly provide STD for users within a specific location by retaining the STD within the area. However, this system does not take into account that each type of STD has different requirements for STD retention. In particular, the lifetime of STD and the diffusion time to the entire area directly influence the performance of STD retention. Therefore, we propose an efficient diffusion and elimination control method for retention based on the requirements of STD. The results of simulation evaluation demonstrated that the proposed method can satisfy the requirements of STD, while maintaining a high coverage rate in the area. key words: STD, data retention, diffusion and elimination, dynamic transmission interval control
随着物联网技术的发展和普及,物联网应用的各类数据可以随时随地生成。在这些数据中,有一些数据严重依赖于生成时间和位置。我们将这些数据定义为时空数据(STD)。在以往的研究中,我们提出了一种使用车辆网络的STD保留系统,以实现“STD的本地生产和消费”范式。该系统可以通过保留该区域内的STD,快速为特定位置的用户提供STD。然而,这个系统没有考虑到每种类型的性病对性病的保留有不同的要求。特别是STD的寿命和扩散到整个区域的时间直接影响STD的保留性能。因此,我们提出了一种基于STD要求的有效的滞留扩散和消除控制方法,仿真评估结果表明,该方法能够满足STD要求,同时在该区域保持较高的覆盖率。关键词:STD,数据保留,扩散和消除,动态传输间隔控制
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引用次数: 0
Traffic reduction technologies and data aggregation control to minimize latency in IoT systems 流量减少技术和数据聚合控制,以最大限度地减少物联网系统的延迟
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1587/TRANSCOM.2020CQI0002
H. Yoshino, Kenko Ota, T. Hiraguri
The spread of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the generation of large amounts of data, requiring massive communication, computing, and storage resources. Cloud computing plays an important role in realizing most IoT applications classified as massive machine type communication and cyber-physical control applications in vertical domains. To handle the increasing amount of IoT data, it is important to reduce the traffic concentrated in the cloud by distributing the computing and storage resources to the network edge side and to suppress the latency of the IoT applications. In this paper, we first present a recent literature review on fog/edge computing and data aggregation as representative traffic reduction technologies for efficiently utilizing communication, computing, and storage resources in IoT systems, and then focus on data aggregation control minimizing the latency in an IoT gateway. We then present a unified modeling for statistical and nonstatistical data aggregation and analyze its latency. We analytically derive the Laplace–Stieltjes transform and average of the stationary distribution of the latency and approximate the average latency; we subsequently apply it to an adaptive aggregation number control for the time-variant data arrival. The transient traffic characteristics, that is, the absorption of traffic fluctuations realizing a stable optimal latency, were clarified through a simulation with a time-variant Poisson input and nonPoisson inputs, such as a Beta input, which is a typical IoT traffic model. key words: IoT, fog, edge, data aggregation, QoS, latency, control, communication quality, communication traffic
物联网(IoT)的普及导致了大量数据的产生,需要大量的通信、计算和存储资源。云计算在实现大多数物联网应用中发挥着重要作用,这些应用被分类为垂直领域的海量机器类型通信和网络物理控制应用。为了处理越来越多的物联网数据,通过将计算和存储资源分配到网络边缘端来减少集中在云中的流量,并抑制物联网应用的延迟是很重要的。在本文中,我们首先介绍了最近关于雾/边缘计算和数据聚合的文献综述,作为有效利用物联网系统中通信、计算和存储资源的代表性流量减少技术,然后重点关注数据聚合控制,以最大限度地减少物联网网关中的延迟。然后,我们提出了统计和非统计数据聚合的统一建模,并分析了其延迟。解析推导了延时平稳分布的Laplace-Stieltjes变换和平均,并近似求出了平均延时;随后,我们将其应用于时变数据到达的自适应聚合数控制。通过使用时变泊松输入和非泊松输入(如Beta输入)进行仿真,明确了典型的物联网流量模型的瞬时流量特性,即吸收流量波动,实现稳定的最优延迟。关键词:物联网、雾、边缘、数据聚合、QoS、延迟、控制、通信质量、通信流量
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引用次数: 2
Extension of ITU-R Site-General Path Loss Model in Urban Areas Based on Measurements from 2 to 66 GHz Bands 基于2至66 GHz频段测量的ITU-R站点-一般路径损耗模型在城市地区的扩展
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1587/TRANSCOM.2020EBP3034
M. Sasaki, Mitsuki Nakamura, Nobuaki Kuno, W. Yamada, N. Kita, T. Onizawa, Y. Takatori, Hiroyuki Nakamura, M. Inomata, K. Kitao, T. Imai
Path loss in high frequency bands above 6 GHz is the most fundamental and significant propagation characteristic of IMT-2020. To develop and evaluate such high frequency bands, ITU-R SG5 WP5D recently released channel models applicable up to 100 GHz. The channel models include path loss models applicable to 0.5–100 GHz. A path loss model is used for cell design and the evaluation of the radio technologies, which is the main purpose of WP5D. Prediction accuracy in various locations, Tx positions, frequency bands, and other parameters are significant in cell design. This article presents the prediction accuracy of UMa path loss models which are detailed in Report ITU-R M.2412 for IMT-2020. We also propose UMa A’ as an extension model of UMa A. While UMa A applies different equations to the bands below and above 6 GHz to predict path loss, UMa A’ covers all bands by using the equations of UMa A below 6 GHz. By using the UMa A’ model, we can predict path loss by taking various parameters (such as BS antenna height) into account over a wide frequency range (0.5–100 GHz). This is useful for considering the deployment of BS antennas at various positions with a wide frequency band. We verify model accuracy by extensive measurements in the frequency bands from 2 to 66 GHz, distances up to 1600 m, and an UMa environment with three Tx antenna heights. The UMa A’ extension model can predict path loss with the low RMSE of about 7 dB at 2–26.4 GHz, which is more accurate than the UMa A and UMa B models. Although the applicability of the UMa A’ model at 66 GHz is unclear and needs further verification, the evaluation results for 66 GHz demonstrate that the antenna height may affect the prediction accuracy at 66 GHz. key words: 5G, propagation, path loss model, UMa, IMT-2020, Rep. ITUR M.2412
6ghz以上高频段的路径损耗是IMT-2020最基本、最重要的传播特性。为了开发和评估这种高频段,ITU-R SG5 WP5D最近发布了适用于高达100 GHz的信道模型。信道模型包括适用于0.5 ~ 100ghz的路径损耗模型。路径损耗模型用于小区设计和无线电技术评估,这是WP5D的主要目的。不同位置、Tx位置、频带和其他参数的预测精度在小区设计中非常重要。本文介绍了ITU-R M.2412报告中关于IMT-2020的UMa路径损耗模型的预测精度。我们还提出了UMa A’作为UMa A的扩展模型,UMa A对6ghz以下和6ghz以上的频段使用不同的方程来预测路径损耗,UMa A’使用6ghz以下的UMa A方程来预测所有频段。通过使用UMa A '模型,我们可以在宽频率范围(0.5-100 GHz)内考虑各种参数(如BS天线高度)来预测路径损耗。这对于考虑在宽频带的不同位置部署BS天线是有用的。我们通过在2至66 GHz频段,距离达1600米以及具有三个Tx天线高度的UMa环境中进行广泛测量来验证模型的准确性。在2 ~ 26.4 GHz频段,UMa A扩展模型预测路径损耗的RMSE较低,约为7 dB,比UMa A和UMa B模型的预测精度更高。虽然UMa A’模型在66 GHz的适用性尚不清楚,需要进一步验证,但66 GHz的评估结果表明,天线高度可能会影响66 GHz的预测精度。关键词:5G,传播,路径损耗模型,UMa, IMT-2020, rep ITUR M.2412
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引用次数: 1
Multicell Distributed Beamforming Based on the Altruistic and Egoistic Strategy with Local Channel State Information 基于本地信道状态信息的利他和利己策略的多小区分布式波束形成
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2021ebp3115
Zijia Huang, Qinghai Yang
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引用次数: 0
FOREWORD 前言
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2019obf0001
Yutaka Miyamoto
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引用次数: 0
FOREWORD 前言
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2019cbf0001
Fumihiro Yamashita
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引用次数: 0
FOREWORD 前言
IF 0.7 4区 计算机科学 Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1587/transcom.2019mcf0001
S. Ishigami
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IEICE Transactions on Communications
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