Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i3364
Waribo, Helen Anthony, Anya Ojiugo Hannah, Bartimaeus, Ebirien-Agana Samuel
Background: Every day, humans come into contact with heavy metals in the environment. These metals are widespread throughout the world and are known to affect and create specific biological changes that may be detrimental to the body. Auto mechanics are known to come in contact with these hazardous substances during vehicle maintenance and repair activities, which may lead to the release of heavy metals into the body as well as the environment. Aim: To evaluate the levels of heavy metals that auto mechanics are exposed to from petroleum and petroleum products in mechanic workshops in Aba Metropolis. Study Design: A cross sectional study with a total of 204 participants, 123 of whom were auto mechanics and 81 of whom were non auto mechanics (controls), had blood samples taken from them. Place and Duration of Study: The blood samples were taken from auto mechanic working in mechanic workshop spread around four locations of Aba Metropolis during the period of May 2022 to November, 2022. Samples were analyzed at Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Abia State and Laboratory Department, JAROS Inspection Services Limited, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Methods: The levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, and As) in blood were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Statistical Analysis System (SAS), STAT 15.1 was used to analyse the data from the study. Results: The serum concentration of heavy metals in reducing order, were Cr > Pb > As > Hg > Cd in the exposed individuals while in the control subjects, the order from the highest concentration was; Cr > Pb >As > Cd > Hg. The blood of auto mechanics had a significantly higher level of Pb and Hg than that of non-auto mechanics (p<0.05). Duration of exposure of the auto mechanics to petrol and its product showed an adverse effect from the results gotten in this study. Conclusion: Heavy metal contamination still poses a threat to health and well-being of the auto mechanics in Aba Metropolis.
{"title":"Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Auto Mechanics in Aba Metropolis, South East, Nigeria Who Were Exposed to Petrol and Petroleum Products","authors":"Waribo, Helen Anthony, Anya Ojiugo Hannah, Bartimaeus, Ebirien-Agana Samuel","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i3364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i3364","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Every day, humans come into contact with heavy metals in the environment. These metals are widespread throughout the world and are known to affect and create specific biological changes that may be detrimental to the body. Auto mechanics are known to come in contact with these hazardous substances during vehicle maintenance and repair activities, which may lead to the release of heavy metals into the body as well as the environment.\u0000Aim: To evaluate the levels of heavy metals that auto mechanics are exposed to from petroleum and petroleum products in mechanic workshops in Aba Metropolis.\u0000Study Design: A cross sectional study with a total of 204 participants, 123 of whom were auto mechanics and 81 of whom were non auto mechanics (controls), had blood samples taken from them.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: The blood samples were taken from auto mechanic working in mechanic workshop spread around four locations of Aba Metropolis during the period of May 2022 to November, 2022. Samples were analyzed at Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Abia State and Laboratory Department, JAROS Inspection Services Limited, Port Harcourt, Rivers State,\u0000Methods: The levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr, and As) in blood were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The Statistical Analysis System (SAS), STAT 15.1 was used to analyse the data from the study.\u0000Results: The serum concentration of heavy metals in reducing order, were Cr > Pb > As > Hg > Cd in the exposed individuals while in the control subjects, the order from the highest concentration was; Cr > Pb >As > Cd > Hg. The blood of auto mechanics had a significantly higher level of Pb and Hg than that of non-auto mechanics (p<0.05). Duration of exposure of the auto mechanics to petrol and its product showed an adverse effect from the results gotten in this study.\u0000Conclusion: Heavy metal contamination still poses a threat to health and well-being of the auto mechanics in Aba Metropolis.","PeriodicalId":504014,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":" 1014","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i3363
Amit Barapatre, Swapnil Hindurao Yadav, S. G. Vengurlekar, M. P. Shah, Kalpana Ganesh Kinage, Jyoti Prashant Shardhul, S. S. Pathare
Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a major cause of global mortality and morbidity. It exposes the body to many harmful substances, such as cytotoxic, carcinogenic and free radicals, that can damage various organs. This study aims to investigate the effects of different levels of tobacco exposure on liver tissue, by measuring some serum biochemical markers of liver function. Materials and Methods: The project conducted at T.N.M.C Mumbai from January to December 2021 involved 60 male participants (18–35 years old), divided into smokers (30) and non-smokers (30). Smokers had varying smoking durations (1-5 years). Excluded participants with diseases affecting liver enzymes. Groups were age-matched for analysis. Smokers defined as those smoking >20 cigarettes daily for >1 month. Collected 5.0 ml venous blood, processed in heparinized tubes, and centrifuged for plasma separation. Enzymes SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin were measured, and statistical analysis revealed significant differences. Results: In the study, age comparison between smokers and non-smokers showed no significant difference (p = 0.71). However, smokers exhibited significantly higher mean serum concentrations of SGOT and SGPT compared to non-smokers (p = 0.002 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Smokers also had elevated levels of ALP and total bilirubin with mean differences of 16.3 IU/L and 0.392 mg/dl, supported by 95% confidence intervals (6.72, 26.18) and (0.28, 0.504) and p values of 0.003 and 0.0004, respectively. No significant difference was observed in direct bilirubin levels (mean difference: 0.084 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.065, 0.103, p = 0.191) Conclusion: In summary, the study suggests a correlation between smoking and elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and damage markers, indicating a potential adverse impact on liver function and increased susceptibility to liver diseases.
{"title":"Smoke Signals: Unraveling the Link between Cigarette Smoking and Serum Liver Markers","authors":"Amit Barapatre, Swapnil Hindurao Yadav, S. G. Vengurlekar, M. P. Shah, Kalpana Ganesh Kinage, Jyoti Prashant Shardhul, S. S. Pathare","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i3363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i3363","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a major cause of global mortality and morbidity. It exposes the body to many harmful substances, such as cytotoxic, carcinogenic and free radicals, that can damage various organs. This study aims to investigate the effects of different levels of tobacco exposure on liver tissue, by measuring some serum biochemical markers of liver function. \u0000Materials and Methods: The project conducted at T.N.M.C Mumbai from January to December 2021 involved 60 male participants (18–35 years old), divided into smokers (30) and non-smokers (30). Smokers had varying smoking durations (1-5 years). Excluded participants with diseases affecting liver enzymes. Groups were age-matched for analysis. Smokers defined as those smoking >20 cigarettes daily for >1 month. Collected 5.0 ml venous blood, processed in heparinized tubes, and centrifuged for plasma separation. Enzymes SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin were measured, and statistical analysis revealed significant differences. \u0000Results: In the study, age comparison between smokers and non-smokers showed no significant difference (p = 0.71). However, smokers exhibited significantly higher mean serum concentrations of SGOT and SGPT compared to non-smokers (p = 0.002 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Smokers also had elevated levels of ALP and total bilirubin with mean differences of 16.3 IU/L and 0.392 mg/dl, supported by 95% confidence intervals (6.72, 26.18) and (0.28, 0.504) and p values of 0.003 and 0.0004, respectively. No significant difference was observed in direct bilirubin levels (mean difference: 0.084 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.065, 0.103, p = 0.191) \u0000Conclusion: In summary, the study suggests a correlation between smoking and elevated serum levels of liver enzymes and damage markers, indicating a potential adverse impact on liver function and increased susceptibility to liver diseases.","PeriodicalId":504014,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"101 S105","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i3362
Iqra Farooq, Rafiqa Eachkoti, Amir Mohiuddin, S. Majid
Inroduction: Blood gases are a measurement of how much oxygen and carbon dioxide is in blood. These determine the acidity of blood. The blood gas testing is generally used for detecting and monitoring lung and kidney problems. The blood gas testing measures partial pressure of oxygen (o2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2),oxygen saturation(O2Sat), bicarbonate(HCO3) concentration . Materials and Methods: Here in study Patients aged more than 18 years confirmed Covid 19 positive by reverse transcription, PCR (RT-PCR). Patients suffering from moderate to severe Covid 19 as per WHO diagnostic guidelines and underwent at least one ABG were included in the analysis. The ABG test was done on ABG analyzer in department of Biochemistry, SMHS hospital. All the data which was related to study was gathered and recorded in case record forms using files. As well as reports of patients from medical record section. Results: Alkaline pH was found in 57.33% individuals.36% individuals were having normal pH and the percentage of individuals having acidic pH was 6.66%. Low PaO2 was found in 45.33% individuals. Normal PaO2 levels were found in 21.33% and high PaO2 levels were found in 33.33% individuals .Low PaCO2 (<35 mmHg) were found in 56%, normal (35-45mmHg) levels were found in 37.33% and high levels (>45mmHg) were found in 6.66%. Low HCO3- (<22mmol/L) were found in 16%, normal (22-26mmol/L) in 38.66% individuals and high (>26mmol/L) were found in 45.33% individuals would be expected in the case of respiratory alkalosis. Conclusion: Regular ABG monitoring can aid in the early detection of silent hypoxia, and respiratory injury. With early management start-up, many lives can be spared with early diagnosis.
{"title":"Early Blood Gas Analysis in SARS-COV-2 Infected Patients Admitted to SMHS Hospital: A Tertiary Care Hospital in Kashmir","authors":"Iqra Farooq, Rafiqa Eachkoti, Amir Mohiuddin, S. Majid","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i3362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i3362","url":null,"abstract":"Inroduction: Blood gases are a measurement of how much oxygen and carbon dioxide is in blood. These determine the acidity of blood. The blood gas testing is generally used for detecting and monitoring lung and kidney problems. The blood gas testing measures partial pressure of oxygen (o2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2),oxygen saturation(O2Sat), bicarbonate(HCO3) concentration . \u0000Materials and Methods: Here in study Patients aged more than 18 years confirmed Covid 19 positive by reverse transcription, PCR (RT-PCR). Patients suffering from moderate to severe Covid 19 as per WHO diagnostic guidelines and underwent at least one ABG were included in the analysis. The ABG test was done on ABG analyzer in department of Biochemistry, SMHS hospital. All the data which was related to study was gathered and recorded in case record forms using files. As well as reports of patients from medical record section. \u0000Results: Alkaline pH was found in 57.33% individuals.36% individuals were having normal pH and the percentage of individuals having acidic pH was 6.66%. Low PaO2 was found in 45.33% individuals. Normal PaO2 levels were found in 21.33% and high PaO2 levels were found in 33.33% individuals .Low PaCO2 (<35 mmHg) were found in 56%, normal (35-45mmHg) levels were found in 37.33% and high levels (>45mmHg) were found in 6.66%. Low HCO3- (<22mmol/L) were found in 16%, normal (22-26mmol/L) in 38.66% individuals and high (>26mmol/L) were found in 45.33% individuals would be expected in the case of respiratory alkalosis. \u0000Conclusion: Regular ABG monitoring can aid in the early detection of silent hypoxia, and respiratory injury. With early management start-up, many lives can be spared with early diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":504014,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i3361
Sangeeta Ranjane, S. G. Vengurlekar, M. P. Shah, Vandana Parag Kambli
Introduction: In Mumbai, an overpopulated metropolis with tropical conditions, malaria poses a persistent challenge, particularly in damp slum areas. Despite reported declines in death and incidence rates, the city faces a significant burden. Our project focuses on an unusual aspect: a heightened incidence among males, especially during sporadic monsoon outbreaks and in areas undergoing extensive redevelopment. Through an epidemiological survey of infected populations in municipal clinics, supported by microscopic, hematological, and microbiological evidence, we aim to provide insights into this atypical pattern. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, partly retrospective study was designed with participants being sourced from regional slums and chawls, during the immediately preceding three-year period of project completion. Patients attending OPDs were randomly selected from amongst those with febrile symptoms related to malarial disease and tested. Symptomatic individuals were tested for malaria microscopically using peripheral blood smear (PBS) and confirmed by employing the malaria antigen test (RMAT). Blood urea by enzymatic method and serum creatinine by Jaffes method. Results: Out of 1651 participants, 8.18% were malaria-positive, predominantly males (87.41%). P. vivax was the main parasite (87.41%), followed by P. falciparum (6.67%) and mixed infections (5.93%). ANOVA revealed significant RBC count differences (F = 6.32, p = 0.003). Tukey's HSD test showed P. vivax patients had higher RBC counts than mixed infection (p = 0.002), while P. falciparum counts were similar to P. vivax (p = 0.089) but higher than mixed infection (p = 0.014). Predominance of P. vivax emphasizes its impact on RBC counts and diagnostic complexities. The p values indicate that for all parameters, except serum creatinine in males, there is a statistically significant difference in the mean values between the malaria positive and negative groups Conclusion: This study highlights high malaria prevalence in urban India, with males more susceptible, possibly due to increased mosquito exposure. P. vivax is predominant, aligning with national data, emphasizing the need for tailored control measures. Surprisingly, P. vivax is associated with higher RBC counts than P. falciparum or mixed infection, suggesting differences in erythrocytic cycles. These findings have critical implications for regional malaria management, prompting further research into underlying mechanisms.
{"title":"Exploring Biochemical and Hematological Variations in Malaria Cases: A Retrospective Analysis at a Health Center at Mumbai City India","authors":"Sangeeta Ranjane, S. G. Vengurlekar, M. P. Shah, Vandana Parag Kambli","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i3361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i3361","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Mumbai, an overpopulated metropolis with tropical conditions, malaria poses a persistent challenge, particularly in damp slum areas. Despite reported declines in death and incidence rates, the city faces a significant burden. Our project focuses on an unusual aspect: a heightened incidence among males, especially during sporadic monsoon outbreaks and in areas undergoing extensive redevelopment. Through an epidemiological survey of infected populations in municipal clinics, supported by microscopic, hematological, and microbiological evidence, we aim to provide insights into this atypical pattern.\u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, partly retrospective study was designed with participants being sourced from regional slums and chawls, during the immediately preceding three-year period of project completion. Patients attending OPDs were randomly selected from amongst those with febrile symptoms related to malarial disease and tested. Symptomatic individuals were tested for malaria microscopically using peripheral blood smear (PBS) and confirmed by employing the malaria antigen test (RMAT). Blood urea by enzymatic method and serum creatinine by Jaffes method.\u0000Results: Out of 1651 participants, 8.18% were malaria-positive, predominantly males (87.41%). P. vivax was the main parasite (87.41%), followed by P. falciparum (6.67%) and mixed infections (5.93%). ANOVA revealed significant RBC count differences (F = 6.32, p = 0.003). Tukey's HSD test showed P. vivax patients had higher RBC counts than mixed infection (p = 0.002), while P. falciparum counts were similar to P. vivax (p = 0.089) but higher than mixed infection (p = 0.014). Predominance of P. vivax emphasizes its impact on RBC counts and diagnostic complexities. The p values indicate that for all parameters, except serum creatinine in males, there is a statistically significant difference in the mean values between the malaria positive and negative groups\u0000Conclusion: This study highlights high malaria prevalence in urban India, with males more susceptible, possibly due to increased mosquito exposure. P. vivax is predominant, aligning with national data, emphasizing the need for tailored control measures. Surprisingly, P. vivax is associated with higher RBC counts than P. falciparum or mixed infection, suggesting differences in erythrocytic cycles. These findings have critical implications for regional malaria management, prompting further research into underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":504014,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"59 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140453478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: Obtaining a productive tilapia, by changing the sex of the tilapia larvae into male monosex. This was achieved by determining the effect of the duration of administrating the natural methyltestosterone (MT) hormone on the male sex of tilapia using the Immersion method. Methodology: The study was conducted at the Northern Region Marine and Fisheries Service Branch, Wanayasa Freshwater Fish Seed Development Center, Purwakarta Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The experimental design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The study used the Immersion method where untreated tilapia and the four hormones tilapia. The treatments are as follows: A = untreated tilapia B = tilapia treated in 17a-MT (5h-100mg/L) C = tilapia treated in MT (5h-350mg/L) D = tilapia treated in MT (10h-350mg/L) E = tilapia treated in MT (15h-350mg/L) Results: Tilapia larvae used were aged 6 days after hatching and reared for 40 days, then the male and SR sex were observed. The results of this study showed that the duration of immersion of tilapia larvae using natural MT significantly affected the male tilapia which resulted in the highest male percentage at 15 h of immersion of 80.2%, then followed by 10-h immersion of 75.6% with the same SR value of about 90%. Conclusion: Administration of natural MT using cow testis meal by immersion method at different durations significantly affects male sexual development in 6-day-old tilapia larvae. Based on the obtained data analyses, the percentage of male tilapia in the 40-day experimental study shows the most effective duration in treatment E (15 h) with a measure of 350 mg/l, which is 80.2%. Further studies regarding the relationship between sex change and the growth of sex-changed fish as an effect of immersion duration.
{"title":"Formation of Male Sex Tilapia Larvae (Oreochromis niloticus) Using Natural Methyltestosterone Hormone","authors":"Atriani, Ardiansyah, Hasniar, Indrayani, Adnan Baiduri, Suryati","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2359","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Obtaining a productive tilapia, by changing the sex of the tilapia larvae into male monosex. This was achieved by determining the effect of the duration of administrating the natural methyltestosterone (MT) hormone on the male sex of tilapia using the Immersion method. \u0000Methodology: The study was conducted at the Northern Region Marine and Fisheries Service Branch, Wanayasa Freshwater Fish Seed Development Center, Purwakarta Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The experimental design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The study used the Immersion method where untreated tilapia and the four hormones tilapia. The treatments are as follows: \u0000A = untreated tilapia \u0000B = tilapia treated in 17a-MT (5h-100mg/L) \u0000C = tilapia treated in MT (5h-350mg/L) \u0000D = tilapia treated in MT (10h-350mg/L) \u0000E = tilapia treated in MT (15h-350mg/L) \u0000Results: Tilapia larvae used were aged 6 days after hatching and reared for 40 days, then the male and SR sex were observed. The results of this study showed that the duration of immersion of tilapia larvae using natural MT significantly affected the male tilapia which resulted in the highest male percentage at 15 h of immersion of 80.2%, then followed by 10-h immersion of 75.6% with the same SR value of about 90%. \u0000Conclusion: Administration of natural MT using cow testis meal by immersion method at different durations significantly affects male sexual development in 6-day-old tilapia larvae. Based on the obtained data analyses, the percentage of male tilapia in the 40-day experimental study shows the most effective duration in treatment E (15 h) with a measure of 350 mg/l, which is 80.2%. Further studies regarding the relationship between sex change and the growth of sex-changed fish as an effect of immersion duration.","PeriodicalId":504014,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: Obtaining a productive tilapia, by changing the sex of the tilapia larvae into male monosex. This was achieved by determining the effect of the duration of administrating the natural methyltestosterone (MT) hormone on the male sex of tilapia using the Immersion method. Methodology: The study was conducted at the Northern Region Marine and Fisheries Service Branch, Wanayasa Freshwater Fish Seed Development Center, Purwakarta Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The experimental design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The study used the Immersion method where untreated tilapia and the four hormones tilapia. The treatments are as follows: A = untreated tilapia B = tilapia treated in 17a-MT (5h-100mg/L) C = tilapia treated in MT (5h-350mg/L) D = tilapia treated in MT (10h-350mg/L) E = tilapia treated in MT (15h-350mg/L) Results: Tilapia larvae used were aged 6 days after hatching and reared for 40 days, then the male and SR sex were observed. The results of this study showed that the duration of immersion of tilapia larvae using natural MT significantly affected the male tilapia which resulted in the highest male percentage at 15 h of immersion of 80.2%, then followed by 10-h immersion of 75.6% with the same SR value of about 90%. Conclusion: Administration of natural MT using cow testis meal by immersion method at different durations significantly affects male sexual development in 6-day-old tilapia larvae. Based on the obtained data analyses, the percentage of male tilapia in the 40-day experimental study shows the most effective duration in treatment E (15 h) with a measure of 350 mg/l, which is 80.2%. Further studies regarding the relationship between sex change and the growth of sex-changed fish as an effect of immersion duration.
{"title":"Formation of Male Sex Tilapia Larvae (Oreochromis niloticus) Using Natural Methyltestosterone Hormone","authors":"Atriani, Ardiansyah, Hasniar, Indrayani, Adnan Baiduri, Suryati","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2359","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Obtaining a productive tilapia, by changing the sex of the tilapia larvae into male monosex. This was achieved by determining the effect of the duration of administrating the natural methyltestosterone (MT) hormone on the male sex of tilapia using the Immersion method. \u0000Methodology: The study was conducted at the Northern Region Marine and Fisheries Service Branch, Wanayasa Freshwater Fish Seed Development Center, Purwakarta Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The experimental design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The study used the Immersion method where untreated tilapia and the four hormones tilapia. The treatments are as follows: \u0000A = untreated tilapia \u0000B = tilapia treated in 17a-MT (5h-100mg/L) \u0000C = tilapia treated in MT (5h-350mg/L) \u0000D = tilapia treated in MT (10h-350mg/L) \u0000E = tilapia treated in MT (15h-350mg/L) \u0000Results: Tilapia larvae used were aged 6 days after hatching and reared for 40 days, then the male and SR sex were observed. The results of this study showed that the duration of immersion of tilapia larvae using natural MT significantly affected the male tilapia which resulted in the highest male percentage at 15 h of immersion of 80.2%, then followed by 10-h immersion of 75.6% with the same SR value of about 90%. \u0000Conclusion: Administration of natural MT using cow testis meal by immersion method at different durations significantly affects male sexual development in 6-day-old tilapia larvae. Based on the obtained data analyses, the percentage of male tilapia in the 40-day experimental study shows the most effective duration in treatment E (15 h) with a measure of 350 mg/l, which is 80.2%. Further studies regarding the relationship between sex change and the growth of sex-changed fish as an effect of immersion duration.","PeriodicalId":504014,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"166 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139839894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2358
Michael O. Olaitan, C. O. Ujowundu, C. P. Nzebude, F. N. Ujowundu, Albert O. Ugwu, Favour C. Azuoma, George C. Nwokocha
To determine the phytochemicals, radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of orange peel extract. Citrus sinensis were subjected to extraction with ethanol. Gas chromatography (GC) was utilized to determine the phytochemical composition of orange peel extract. Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were conducted to assess radical scavenging potential of the extract. Antioxidant activities of the peel extracts were determined via the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay. The GC-FID analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, sapogenin, and steroids in the orange peel extract. The results of radical scavenging assays demonstrated the extract’s ability to scavenge hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radicals. The scavenging capacity of the extract was observed to be concentration-dependent, with comparisons made to standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and BHT. Peels from citrus sinensis represent a valuable source of phytochemicals, demonstrating significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activities.
{"title":"Organic wastes of Citrus sinensis Peels- a source of eco-friendly and sustainable bioactive compounds for promoting health","authors":"Michael O. Olaitan, C. O. Ujowundu, C. P. Nzebude, F. N. Ujowundu, Albert O. Ugwu, Favour C. Azuoma, George C. Nwokocha","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2358","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the phytochemicals, radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of orange peel extract. Citrus sinensis were subjected to extraction with ethanol. Gas chromatography (GC) was utilized to determine the phytochemical composition of orange peel extract. Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were conducted to assess radical scavenging potential of the extract. Antioxidant activities of the peel extracts were determined via the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay. The GC-FID analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, sapogenin, and steroids in the orange peel extract. The results of radical scavenging assays demonstrated the extract’s ability to scavenge hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radicals. The scavenging capacity of the extract was observed to be concentration-dependent, with comparisons made to standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and BHT. Peels from citrus sinensis represent a valuable source of phytochemicals, demonstrating significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activities.","PeriodicalId":504014,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"118 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139852828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-08DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2358
Michael O. Olaitan, C. O. Ujowundu, C. P. Nzebude, F. N. Ujowundu, Albert O. Ugwu, Favour C. Azuoma, George C. Nwokocha
To determine the phytochemicals, radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of orange peel extract. Citrus sinensis were subjected to extraction with ethanol. Gas chromatography (GC) was utilized to determine the phytochemical composition of orange peel extract. Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were conducted to assess radical scavenging potential of the extract. Antioxidant activities of the peel extracts were determined via the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay. The GC-FID analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, sapogenin, and steroids in the orange peel extract. The results of radical scavenging assays demonstrated the extract’s ability to scavenge hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radicals. The scavenging capacity of the extract was observed to be concentration-dependent, with comparisons made to standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and BHT. Peels from citrus sinensis represent a valuable source of phytochemicals, demonstrating significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activities.
{"title":"Organic wastes of Citrus sinensis Peels- a source of eco-friendly and sustainable bioactive compounds for promoting health","authors":"Michael O. Olaitan, C. O. Ujowundu, C. P. Nzebude, F. N. Ujowundu, Albert O. Ugwu, Favour C. Azuoma, George C. Nwokocha","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2358","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the phytochemicals, radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of orange peel extract. Citrus sinensis were subjected to extraction with ethanol. Gas chromatography (GC) was utilized to determine the phytochemical composition of orange peel extract. Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were conducted to assess radical scavenging potential of the extract. Antioxidant activities of the peel extracts were determined via the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, ABTS scavenging, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay. The GC-FID analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, sapogenin, and steroids in the orange peel extract. The results of radical scavenging assays demonstrated the extract’s ability to scavenge hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radicals. The scavenging capacity of the extract was observed to be concentration-dependent, with comparisons made to standard antioxidants ascorbic acid and BHT. Peels from citrus sinensis represent a valuable source of phytochemicals, demonstrating significant antioxidant and radical scavenging activities.","PeriodicalId":504014,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":" 75","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139793024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-30DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2357
Muhammad Hamza, Abdul Basit, Iram Shehzadi, Usman Tufail, Ali Hassan, Tafseer Hussain, Muhammad Usama Siddique, Hafiza Mubeen Hayat
Soybean is among the most significant crops in the world. Vegetable oil and protein meal both benefit from the use of soybean seeds. Soybean output has increased at the greatest percentage rate of any major crop during the 1970s. The crop is projected to be cultivated on 6% of the world's arable land. The recent surge in output is in line with the rising demand for oil and meal. Since soybeans are one of the most significant crops in the world, more study is being done to learn more about how they are produced under various circumstances, including stress. Information on the pace of soybean production throughout the globe may be utilized to enhance soybean production and mitigate variables like stressors that have a negative impact on soybean yield. The productivity of soybeans is significantly impacted by the action of soil bacteria. Only a few nations, including the United States, Brazil, Argentina, China, and India, account for the majority of the world's soybean output. For managerial and ecological reasons, it is crucial to have a deeper grasp of the vast range of farming techniques used in soybean crops. We will also talk about the potential relationship between improved management of microbial inocula and soil conditions. Gaining a deeper comprehension of the vast range of plant interactions is crucial for both managing and comprehending the ecology of this crop. Due to our direct and indirect reliance on the soybean crop for food goods, significant yield reductions in soybeans beyond present levels may have an impact on food security. Additionally, the crop provides resources to solve global food concerns via present and future use techniques due to its high nutritional value and versatility. Whether used as a vegetable crop or processed into a variety of soybean food products, soybean production is predicted to rise in the future in direct proportion to rising demand. With the application of newer genomic technologies, the crop has enormous potential to improve dietary quality for people worldwide.
{"title":"Global Impact of Soybean Production: A Review","authors":"Muhammad Hamza, Abdul Basit, Iram Shehzadi, Usman Tufail, Ali Hassan, Tafseer Hussain, Muhammad Usama Siddique, Hafiza Mubeen Hayat","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2357","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is among the most significant crops in the world. Vegetable oil and protein meal both benefit from the use of soybean seeds. Soybean output has increased at the greatest percentage rate of any major crop during the 1970s. The crop is projected to be cultivated on 6% of the world's arable land. The recent surge in output is in line with the rising demand for oil and meal. Since soybeans are one of the most significant crops in the world, more study is being done to learn more about how they are produced under various circumstances, including stress. Information on the pace of soybean production throughout the globe may be utilized to enhance soybean production and mitigate variables like stressors that have a negative impact on soybean yield. The productivity of soybeans is significantly impacted by the action of soil bacteria. Only a few nations, including the United States, Brazil, Argentina, China, and India, account for the majority of the world's soybean output. For managerial and ecological reasons, it is crucial to have a deeper grasp of the vast range of farming techniques used in soybean crops. We will also talk about the potential relationship between improved management of microbial inocula and soil conditions. Gaining a deeper comprehension of the vast range of plant interactions is crucial for both managing and comprehending the ecology of this crop. Due to our direct and indirect reliance on the soybean crop for food goods, significant yield reductions in soybeans beyond present levels may have an impact on food security. Additionally, the crop provides resources to solve global food concerns via present and future use techniques due to its high nutritional value and versatility. Whether used as a vegetable crop or processed into a variety of soybean food products, soybean production is predicted to rise in the future in direct proportion to rising demand. With the application of newer genomic technologies, the crop has enormous potential to improve dietary quality for people worldwide.","PeriodicalId":504014,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"115 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140481593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-27DOI: 10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2356
Ngnaniyyi Abdoul, Seino Richard Akwanjoh, D. Tonleu
Background: The Muskmelon, a variety of Cucumis melo L, is popular in Cameroon for its high nutritional and medicinal values. However, the cytogenotoxic and infertile properties of this species is yet to be evaluated. During this study, phytochemical analysis by colorimetric dosage of dry extracts of C. melo was carried out and the cytogenetic toxicity properties evaluated. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed the seeds of the species to contain alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, anthocyanins and sterols while quantitative analysis on the other hand indicated 46 ± 0.71 Gallic Acid Equivalent, 29.44 ± 0.87 Tannic Acid Equivalent and 5.87 ± 0.67 Quercetin Equivalent respectively for total phenols, for total tannins and for total flavonoid. The treatment of male individuals of Zonocerus variegatus with various concentration of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of C. melo revealed that increasing concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg/ml) of the aqueous extract resulted in significant and proportional regression of the meiotic index and chiasma frequency. Chromosomal abnormalities were also induced in Anaphase-1. Conclusions: These results indicate that the aqueous extract of C. melo seeds can be used to selectively eliminate orthopteran pests. It could be used in the fight against gonadal cancer, as the extract has been shown to be more effective in reducing the pool of dividing gonadal cells. Consumers of C. melo seeds are advised to use this plant with caution, as it can alter spermatogenesis and other processes.
{"title":"Cytogenetic Toxicity and Infertile Properties of the Aqueous Extract of Cucumis melo Seeds (Cucurbitaceae) in Male Zonocerus variegatus Cell Model (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)","authors":"Ngnaniyyi Abdoul, Seino Richard Akwanjoh, D. Tonleu","doi":"10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajbgmb/2024/v16i2356","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Muskmelon, a variety of Cucumis melo L, is popular in Cameroon for its high nutritional and medicinal values. However, the cytogenotoxic and infertile properties of this species is yet to be evaluated. During this study, phytochemical analysis by colorimetric dosage of dry extracts of C. melo was carried out and the cytogenetic toxicity properties evaluated. \u0000Results: Qualitative analysis revealed the seeds of the species to contain alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, anthocyanins and sterols while quantitative analysis on the other hand indicated 46 ± 0.71 Gallic Acid Equivalent, 29.44 ± 0.87 Tannic Acid Equivalent and 5.87 ± 0.67 Quercetin Equivalent respectively for total phenols, for total tannins and for total flavonoid. The treatment of male individuals of Zonocerus variegatus with various concentration of the aqueous extracts of the seeds of C. melo revealed that increasing concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg/ml) of the aqueous extract resulted in significant and proportional regression of the meiotic index and chiasma frequency. Chromosomal abnormalities were also induced in Anaphase-1. \u0000Conclusions: These results indicate that the aqueous extract of C. melo seeds can be used to selectively eliminate orthopteran pests. It could be used in the fight against gonadal cancer, as the extract has been shown to be more effective in reducing the pool of dividing gonadal cells. Consumers of C. melo seeds are advised to use this plant with caution, as it can alter spermatogenesis and other processes.","PeriodicalId":504014,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","volume":"7 2-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140492927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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