Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00756
Nathan Pauly, Puja Nair, Jared Augenstein
Remote physiologic monitoring use increased more than 1,300 percent from 2019 to 2021, and use varied by state. This increase was driven by a small number of (predominantly internal medicine) providers. Female beneficiaries, residents of metropolitan areas, and people diagnosed with diabetes or hypertension had the highest rates of use.
{"title":"Remote Physiologic Monitoring Use Among Medicaid Population Increased, 2019-21.","authors":"Nathan Pauly, Puja Nair, Jared Augenstein","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00756","DOIUrl":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remote physiologic monitoring use increased more than 1,300 percent from 2019 to 2021, and use varied by state. This increase was driven by a small number of (predominantly internal medicine) providers. Female beneficiaries, residents of metropolitan areas, and people diagnosed with diabetes or hypertension had the highest rates of use.</p>","PeriodicalId":50411,"journal":{"name":"Health Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01306
Alene Kennedy-Hendricks, Minna Song, Alexander D McCourt, Joshua M Sharfstein, Matthew D Eisenberg, Brendan Saloner
Despite the devastating toll of the overdose crisis in the United States, many addiction treatment programs do not offer medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Several states have incorporated MOUD requirements into their standards for treatment program licensure. This study examined policy officials' and treatment providers' perspectives on the implementation of these policies. During 2020-22, we conducted thirty-one semistructured interviews with forty policy officials and treatment providers in nine states identified through a legal analysis. Of these states, three states required treatment organizations to offer MOUD, and two prohibited organizations from denying admission to people receiving MOUD. Qualitative findings revealed that licensure policies were part of a broader effort to transition the specialty treatment system to a model of care more consistent with medical evidence; states perceived tension between raising quality standards and maintaining adequate treatment capacity; aligning other state policies with MOUD access goals facilitated implementation of the licensure requirement; and measuring compliance was challenging. Licensure may offer states an opportunity to take a more active role in ensuring access to effective treatment.
{"title":"Licensure Policies May Help States Ensure Access To Opioid Use Disorder Medication In Specialty Addiction Treatment.","authors":"Alene Kennedy-Hendricks, Minna Song, Alexander D McCourt, Joshua M Sharfstein, Matthew D Eisenberg, Brendan Saloner","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01306","DOIUrl":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the devastating toll of the overdose crisis in the United States, many addiction treatment programs do not offer medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Several states have incorporated MOUD requirements into their standards for treatment program licensure. This study examined policy officials' and treatment providers' perspectives on the implementation of these policies. During 2020-22, we conducted thirty-one semistructured interviews with forty policy officials and treatment providers in nine states identified through a legal analysis. Of these states, three states required treatment organizations to offer MOUD, and two prohibited organizations from denying admission to people receiving MOUD. Qualitative findings revealed that licensure policies were part of a broader effort to transition the specialty treatment system to a model of care more consistent with medical evidence; states perceived tension between raising quality standards and maintaining adequate treatment capacity; aligning other state policies with MOUD access goals facilitated implementation of the licensure requirement; and measuring compliance was challenging. Licensure may offer states an opportunity to take a more active role in ensuring access to effective treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":50411,"journal":{"name":"Health Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00742
Ellie Bostwick Andres, Xinyu Du, Sharon Sze Lu Pang, Jiayi Noel Liang, Jiaxi Ye, Ming Hin Lee, Marie Tarrant, Sofie Shuk-Fei Yung, Janice M Johnston, Kris Yuet Wan Lok, Jianchao Quan
In July 2020, Hong Kong extended statutory paid maternity leave from ten weeks to fourteen weeks to align with International Labour Organization standards. We used the policy enactment as an observational natural experiment to assess the mental health implications of this policy change on probable postnatal depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scores of 10 or higher) and postpartum emotional well-being. Using an opportunistic observational study design, we recruited 1,414 survey respondents with births before (August 1-December 10, 2020) and after (December 11, 2020-July 18, 2022) policy implementation. Participants had a mean age of thirty-two, were majority primiparous, and were mostly working in skilled occupations. Our results show that the policy was associated with a 22 percent decrease in mothers experiencing postnatal depressive symptoms and a 33 percent decrease in postpartum emotional well-being interference. Even this modest change in policy, an additional four weeks of paid leave, was associated with significant mental health benefits. Policy makers should consider extending paid maternity leave to international norms to improve mental health among working mothers and to support workforce retention.
{"title":"Extended Paid Maternity Leave Associated With Improved Maternal Mental Health In Hong Kong.","authors":"Ellie Bostwick Andres, Xinyu Du, Sharon Sze Lu Pang, Jiayi Noel Liang, Jiaxi Ye, Ming Hin Lee, Marie Tarrant, Sofie Shuk-Fei Yung, Janice M Johnston, Kris Yuet Wan Lok, Jianchao Quan","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00742","DOIUrl":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In July 2020, Hong Kong extended statutory paid maternity leave from ten weeks to fourteen weeks to align with International Labour Organization standards. We used the policy enactment as an observational natural experiment to assess the mental health implications of this policy change on probable postnatal depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scores of 10 or higher) and postpartum emotional well-being. Using an opportunistic observational study design, we recruited 1,414 survey respondents with births before (August 1-December 10, 2020) and after (December 11, 2020-July 18, 2022) policy implementation. Participants had a mean age of thirty-two, were majority primiparous, and were mostly working in skilled occupations. Our results show that the policy was associated with a 22 percent decrease in mothers experiencing postnatal depressive symptoms and a 33 percent decrease in postpartum emotional well-being interference. Even this modest change in policy, an additional four weeks of paid leave, was associated with significant mental health benefits. Policy makers should consider extending paid maternity leave to international norms to improve mental health among working mothers and to support workforce retention.</p>","PeriodicalId":50411,"journal":{"name":"Health Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140861160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00972
Sheryl Zimmerman, Robyn Stone, Paula Carder, Kali Thomas
Assisted living has promised assistance and quality of living to older adults for more than eighty years. It is the largest residential provider of long-term care in the United States, serving more than 918,000 older adults as of 2018. As assisted living has evolved, the needs of residents have become more challenging; staffing shortages have worsened; regulations have become complex; the need for consumer support, education, and advocacy has grown; and financing and accessibility have become insufficient. Together, these factors have limited the extent to which today's assisted living adequately provides assistance and promotes living, with negative consequences for aging in place and well-being. This Commentary provides recommendations in four areas to help assisted living meet its promise: workforce; regulations and government; consumer needs and roles; and financing and accessibility. Policies that may be helpful include those that would increase staffing and boost wages and training; establish staffing standards with appropriate skill mix; promulgate state regulations that enable greater use of third-party services; encourage uniform data reporting; provide funds supporting family involvement; make community disclosure statements more accessible; and offer owners and operators incentives to facilitate access for consumers with fewer resources. Attention to these and other recommendations may help assisted living live up to its name.
{"title":"Does Assisted Living Provide Assistance And Promote Living?","authors":"Sheryl Zimmerman, Robyn Stone, Paula Carder, Kali Thomas","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00972","DOIUrl":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assisted living has promised assistance and quality of living to older adults for more than eighty years. It is the largest residential provider of long-term care in the United States, serving more than 918,000 older adults as of 2018. As assisted living has evolved, the needs of residents have become more challenging; staffing shortages have worsened; regulations have become complex; the need for consumer support, education, and advocacy has grown; and financing and accessibility have become insufficient. Together, these factors have limited the extent to which today's assisted living adequately provides assistance and promotes living, with negative consequences for aging in place and well-being. This Commentary provides recommendations in four areas to help assisted living meet its promise: workforce; regulations and government; consumer needs and roles; and financing and accessibility. Policies that may be helpful include those that would increase staffing and boost wages and training; establish staffing standards with appropriate skill mix; promulgate state regulations that enable greater use of third-party services; encourage uniform data reporting; provide funds supporting family involvement; make community disclosure statements more accessible; and offer owners and operators incentives to facilitate access for consumers with fewer resources. Attention to these and other recommendations may help assisted living live up to its name.</p>","PeriodicalId":50411,"journal":{"name":"Health Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00942
Christopher Cai, Zirui Song
Private equity (PE) acquisitions in health care delivery nearly tripled from 2010 to 2020. Despite concerns around clinical and economic implications, policy responses have remained limited. We discuss the US policy landscape around PE ownership, using policies in the European Union for comparison. We present four domains in which policy can be strengthened. First, to improve oversight of acquisitions, policy makers should lower reporting thresholds, review sequential acquisitions that together affect market power, automate reviews with potential denials based on market concentration effects, consider new regulatory mechanisms such as attorney general veto, and increase funding for this work. Second, policy makers should increase the longer-run transparency of PE ownership, including the health care prices garnered by acquired entities. Third, policy makers should protect patients and providers by establishing minimum staffing ratios, spending floors for direct patient care, and limits on layoffs and the sale of real estate after acquisition (forms of "asset stripping"). Finally, policy makers should mitigate risky financial behavior by limiting the amount or proportion of debt used to finance PE acquisitions in health care.
从 2010 年到 2020 年,私募股权(PE)在医疗服务领域的收购几乎增加了两倍。尽管对临床和经济影响存在担忧,但政策反应仍然有限。我们以欧盟的政策为对比,讨论了美国围绕私募股权所有权的政策环境。我们提出了可加强政策的四个领域。首先,为加强对收购的监督,政策制定者应降低申报门槛,审查会共同影响市场力量的连续收购,根据市场集中效应自动审查可能的拒绝,考虑新的监管机制(如总检察长否决权),并增加对这项工作的资金投入。其次,政策制定者应提高 PE 所有权的长期透明度,包括被收购实体获得的医疗价格。第三,政策制定者应保护患者和医疗服务提供者的利益,规定最低人员配备比例、患者直接护理支出下限、收购后裁员和出售不动产的限制("资产剥离 "的形式)。最后,政策制定者应限制医疗行业 PE 并购所使用的债务金额或比例,从而减少高风险的财务行为。
{"title":"Protecting Patients And Society In An Era Of Private Equity Provider Ownership: Challenges And Opportunities For Policy.","authors":"Christopher Cai, Zirui Song","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00942","DOIUrl":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Private equity (PE) acquisitions in health care delivery nearly tripled from 2010 to 2020. Despite concerns around clinical and economic implications, policy responses have remained limited. We discuss the US policy landscape around PE ownership, using policies in the European Union for comparison. We present four domains in which policy can be strengthened. First, to improve oversight of acquisitions, policy makers should lower reporting thresholds, review sequential acquisitions that together affect market power, automate reviews with potential denials based on market concentration effects, consider new regulatory mechanisms such as attorney general veto, and increase funding for this work. Second, policy makers should increase the longer-run transparency of PE ownership, including the health care prices garnered by acquired entities. Third, policy makers should protect patients and providers by establishing minimum staffing ratios, spending floors for direct patient care, and limits on layoffs and the sale of real estate after acquisition (forms of \"asset stripping\"). Finally, policy makers should mitigate risky financial behavior by limiting the amount or proportion of debt used to finance PE acquisitions in health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":50411,"journal":{"name":"Health Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00813
Katherine Wen, Daniel A Harris, Preeti Chachlani, Kaleen N Hayes, Ellen McCarthy, Andrew R Zullo, Renae L Smith-Ray, Tanya Singh, Djeneba Audrey Djibo, Cheryl N McMahill-Walraven, Jeffrey Hiris, Rena M Conti, Jonathan Gruber, Vincent Mor
We investigated county-level variation in mRNA COVID-19 vaccine use among Medicare beneficiaries throughout the United States. There was greater use of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines than Moderna vaccines in urban areas for first and booster doses.
我们调查了全美医疗保险受益人使用 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗的县级差异。在城市地区,辉瑞生物技术公司的疫苗比 Moderna 疫苗的首剂和加强剂量使用率更高。
{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccines: Moderna And Pfizer-BioNTech Use Varied By Urban, Rural Counties.","authors":"Katherine Wen, Daniel A Harris, Preeti Chachlani, Kaleen N Hayes, Ellen McCarthy, Andrew R Zullo, Renae L Smith-Ray, Tanya Singh, Djeneba Audrey Djibo, Cheryl N McMahill-Walraven, Jeffrey Hiris, Rena M Conti, Jonathan Gruber, Vincent Mor","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00813","DOIUrl":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated county-level variation in mRNA COVID-19 vaccine use among Medicare beneficiaries throughout the United States. There was greater use of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines than Moderna vaccines in urban areas for first and booster doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":50411,"journal":{"name":"Health Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11148879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00915
Sukruth A Shashikumar, Zoey Chopra, Jason D Buxbaum, Karen E Joynt Maddox, Andrew M Ryan
The Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Advanced Model (BPCI-A), a voluntary Alternative Payment Model for Medicare, incentivizes hospitals and physician group practices to reduce spending for patient care episodes below preset target prices. The experience of physician groups in BPCI-A is not well understood. We found that physician groups earned $421 million in incentive payments during BPCI-A's first four performance periods (2018-20). Target prices were positively associated with bonuses, with a mean reconciliation payment of $139 per episode in the lowest decile of target prices and $2,775 in the highest decile. In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, mean bonuses increased from $815 per episode to $2,736 per episode. These findings suggest that further policy changes, such as improving target price accuracy and refining participation rules, will be important as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services continues to expand BPCI-A and develop other bundled payment models.
{"title":"Physician Group Practices Accrued Large Bonuses Under Medicare's Bundled Payment Model, 2018-20.","authors":"Sukruth A Shashikumar, Zoey Chopra, Jason D Buxbaum, Karen E Joynt Maddox, Andrew M Ryan","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00915","DOIUrl":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Advanced Model (BPCI-A), a voluntary Alternative Payment Model for Medicare, incentivizes hospitals and physician group practices to reduce spending for patient care episodes below preset target prices. The experience of physician groups in BPCI-A is not well understood. We found that physician groups earned $421 million in incentive payments during BPCI-A's first four performance periods (2018-20). Target prices were positively associated with bonuses, with a mean reconciliation payment of $139 per episode in the lowest decile of target prices and $2,775 in the highest decile. In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, mean bonuses increased from $815 per episode to $2,736 per episode. These findings suggest that further policy changes, such as improving target price accuracy and refining participation rules, will be important as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services continues to expand BPCI-A and develop other bundled payment models.</p>","PeriodicalId":50411,"journal":{"name":"Health Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01433
Joyvina Evans
An African American woman with uterine fibroids is advised to get a hysterectomy, despite the availability of less life-altering options.
一名患有子宫肌瘤的非裔美国妇女被建议切除子宫,尽管有一些对生命影响较小的选择。
{"title":"'Just Get A Hysterectomy'.","authors":"Joyvina Evans","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01433","DOIUrl":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An African American woman with uterine fibroids is advised to get a hysterectomy, despite the availability of less life-altering options.</p>","PeriodicalId":50411,"journal":{"name":"Health Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140871667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01163
Christopher M Hoover, Emily Estus, Ada Kwan, Kristal Raymond, Tanu Sreedharan, Tomás León, Seema Jain, Priya B Shete
In March 2021, California implemented a vaccine equity policy that prioritized COVID-19 vaccine allocation to communities identified as least advantaged by an area-based socioeconomic measure, the Healthy Places Index. We conducted quasi-experimental and counterfactual analyses to estimate the effect of this policy on COVID-19 vaccination, case, hospitalization, and death rates. Among prioritized communities, vaccination rates increased 28.4 percent after policy implementation. Furthermore, an estimated 160,892 COVID-19 cases, 10,248 hospitalizations, and 679 deaths in the least-advantaged communities were averted by the policy. Despite these improvements, the share of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in prioritized communities remained elevated. These estimates were robust in sensitivity analyses that tested exchangeability between prioritized communities and those not prioritized by the policy; model specifications; and potential temporal confounders, including prior infections. Correcting for disparities by strategically allocating limited resources to the least-advantaged or most-affected communities can reduce the impacts of COVID-19 and other diseases but might not eliminate health disparities.
{"title":"California's COVID-19 Vaccine Equity Policy: Cases, Hospitalizations, And Deaths Averted In Affected Communities.","authors":"Christopher M Hoover, Emily Estus, Ada Kwan, Kristal Raymond, Tanu Sreedharan, Tomás León, Seema Jain, Priya B Shete","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01163","DOIUrl":"10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In March 2021, California implemented a vaccine equity policy that prioritized COVID-19 vaccine allocation to communities identified as least advantaged by an area-based socioeconomic measure, the Healthy Places Index. We conducted quasi-experimental and counterfactual analyses to estimate the effect of this policy on COVID-19 vaccination, case, hospitalization, and death rates. Among prioritized communities, vaccination rates increased 28.4 percent after policy implementation. Furthermore, an estimated 160,892 COVID-19 cases, 10,248 hospitalizations, and 679 deaths in the least-advantaged communities were averted by the policy. Despite these improvements, the share of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in prioritized communities remained elevated. These estimates were robust in sensitivity analyses that tested exchangeability between prioritized communities and those not prioritized by the policy; model specifications; and potential temporal confounders, including prior infections. Correcting for disparities by strategically allocating limited resources to the least-advantaged or most-affected communities can reduce the impacts of COVID-19 and other diseases but might not eliminate health disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":50411,"journal":{"name":"Health Affairs","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140867201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}