Pub Date : 2016-05-13DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2016.1184777
Sariye Duygu Durak, M. S. Akkiraz
Radiometric and palynological data of the Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene Soma Formation from the Kalkım-Gönen Basin yield new results related to age and palynological contents. In this study, Upper Oligocene strata from the Danişment and Linfa areas and Lower Miocene strata from the Bengiler area were sampled palynologically and for radiometric dating. The Danişment assemblage, which is older than the Linfa assemblages, mainly contains coniferous and evergreen to deciduous mixed mesophytic forest elements. Relatively high quantities of the altitudinal plants Picea and Abies, indicate a cooler palaeoclimate. The Linfa associations mainly include coniferous and riparian elements. Pollen of the riparian plant Alnus and Taxodiaceae indicative for the swamp forest community was predominant, probably as a result of a high lake level. There is a hiatus during the Oligocene–Miocene transition, probably showing a non-depositional phase and sea-level fall indicating the Mi-1 glaciation event. Higher in the sequence, the Aquitanian Bengiler sediments include high amounts of coniferous forest elements as well as components indicative for the evergreen and deciduous mesophytic forest and also riparian forest and swamp forest. Due to presence of thermophilous taxa Reveesia, Mastixiaceae and Arecaceae, a warm and humid palaeoclimate is inferred according to quantitative analyses using the Coexistence Approach.
{"title":"Late Oligocene–Early Miocene palaeoecology based on pollen data from the Kalkım-Gönen Basin (Northwest Turkey)","authors":"Sariye Duygu Durak, M. S. Akkiraz","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2016.1184777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2016.1184777","url":null,"abstract":"Radiometric and palynological data of the Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene Soma Formation from the Kalkım-Gönen Basin yield new results related to age and palynological contents. In this study, Upper Oligocene strata from the Danişment and Linfa areas and Lower Miocene strata from the Bengiler area were sampled palynologically and for radiometric dating. The Danişment assemblage, which is older than the Linfa assemblages, mainly contains coniferous and evergreen to deciduous mixed mesophytic forest elements. Relatively high quantities of the altitudinal plants Picea and Abies, indicate a cooler palaeoclimate. The Linfa associations mainly include coniferous and riparian elements. Pollen of the riparian plant Alnus and Taxodiaceae indicative for the swamp forest community was predominant, probably as a result of a high lake level. There is a hiatus during the Oligocene–Miocene transition, probably showing a non-depositional phase and sea-level fall indicating the Mi-1 glaciation event. Higher in the sequence, the Aquitanian Bengiler sediments include high amounts of coniferous forest elements as well as components indicative for the evergreen and deciduous mesophytic forest and also riparian forest and swamp forest. Due to presence of thermophilous taxa Reveesia, Mastixiaceae and Arecaceae, a warm and humid palaeoclimate is inferred according to quantitative analyses using the Coexistence Approach.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"28 1","pages":"295 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2016.1184777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59555075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-13DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2016.1184778
Bora Uzel
Linking of normal faults forms at all scales as a relay ramp during growth stages and represents the most efficient way for faults to lengthen during their progressive formation. Here, I study the linking of normal faulting along the active Kırkağaç Fault Zone within the west Anatolian extensional system to reconstruct fault interaction in time and space using both field- and computer-based data. I find that (i) connecting of the relay zone/ramp occurred with two breaching faults of different generations and that (ii) the propagation was facilitated by the presence of pre-existing structures, inherited from the İzmir-Balıkesir transfer zone. Hence, the linkage cannot be compared directly to a simple fault growth model. Therefore, I propose a combined scenario of both hangingwall and footwall fault propagation mechanisms that explain the present-day geometry of the composite fault line. The computer-based analyses show that the approximate slip rate is 0.38 mm/year during the Quaternary, and a NE–SW-directed extension is mainly responsible for the recent faulting along the Kırkağaç Fault Zone. The proposed structural scenario also highlights the active fault termination and should be considered in future seismic hazard assessments for the region that includes densely populated settlements.
{"title":"Field evidence for normal fault linkage and relay ramp evolution: the Kırkağaç Fault Zone, western Anatolia (Turkey)","authors":"Bora Uzel","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2016.1184778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2016.1184778","url":null,"abstract":"Linking of normal faults forms at all scales as a relay ramp during growth stages and represents the most efficient way for faults to lengthen during their progressive formation. Here, I study the linking of normal faulting along the active Kırkağaç Fault Zone within the west Anatolian extensional system to reconstruct fault interaction in time and space using both field- and computer-based data. I find that (i) connecting of the relay zone/ramp occurred with two breaching faults of different generations and that (ii) the propagation was facilitated by the presence of pre-existing structures, inherited from the İzmir-Balıkesir transfer zone. Hence, the linkage cannot be compared directly to a simple fault growth model. Therefore, I propose a combined scenario of both hangingwall and footwall fault propagation mechanisms that explain the present-day geometry of the composite fault line. The computer-based analyses show that the approximate slip rate is 0.38 mm/year during the Quaternary, and a NE–SW-directed extension is mainly responsible for the recent faulting along the Kırkağaç Fault Zone. The proposed structural scenario also highlights the active fault termination and should be considered in future seismic hazard assessments for the region that includes densely populated settlements.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"28 1","pages":"311 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2016.1184778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59555120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-27DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2016.1175294
H. Sözbilir, Ökmen Sümer, Ç. Özkaymak, Bora Uzel, Tayfun Güler, Semih Eski
The Edremit Fault Zone (EFZ) forms one of the southern segments of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) at the northern margin of the Edremit Gulf (Biga Peninsula, South Marmara Region, Turkey). Stratigraphic, structural and kinematic results indicate that basinward younging of the fault zone, in terms of a rolling-hinge mechanism, has resulted in at least three discrete Miocene to Holocene deformational phases: the oldest one (Phase 1) directly related to the inactive Kazdağ Detachment Fault, which was formed under N–S trending pure extension; Phase 2 is characterised by a strike-slip stress condition, probably related to the progression of the NAFZ towards the Edremit area in the Plio–Quaternary; and Phase 3 is represented by the high-angle normal faulting, which is directly interrelated with the last movement of the EFZ. Our palaeoseismic studies on the EFZ revealed the occurrence of three past surface rupture events; the first one occurred before 13178 BC, a penultimate event that may correspond to either the 160 AD or 253 AD historical earthquakes, and the youngest one can be associated with the 6 October 1944 earthquake (Mw = 6.8). These palaeoseismic data indicate that there is no systematic earthquake recurrence period on the EFZ.
{"title":"Kinematic analysis and palaeoseismology of the Edremit Fault Zone: evidence for past earthquakes in the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey","authors":"H. Sözbilir, Ökmen Sümer, Ç. Özkaymak, Bora Uzel, Tayfun Güler, Semih Eski","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2016.1175294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2016.1175294","url":null,"abstract":"The Edremit Fault Zone (EFZ) forms one of the southern segments of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) at the northern margin of the Edremit Gulf (Biga Peninsula, South Marmara Region, Turkey). Stratigraphic, structural and kinematic results indicate that basinward younging of the fault zone, in terms of a rolling-hinge mechanism, has resulted in at least three discrete Miocene to Holocene deformational phases: the oldest one (Phase 1) directly related to the inactive Kazdağ Detachment Fault, which was formed under N–S trending pure extension; Phase 2 is characterised by a strike-slip stress condition, probably related to the progression of the NAFZ towards the Edremit area in the Plio–Quaternary; and Phase 3 is represented by the high-angle normal faulting, which is directly interrelated with the last movement of the EFZ. Our palaeoseismic studies on the EFZ revealed the occurrence of three past surface rupture events; the first one occurred before 13178 BC, a penultimate event that may correspond to either the 160 AD or 253 AD historical earthquakes, and the youngest one can be associated with the 6 October 1944 earthquake (Mw = 6.8). These palaeoseismic data indicate that there is no systematic earthquake recurrence period on the EFZ.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"24 1","pages":"273 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2016.1175294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59555062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-18DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2016.1171111
H. Sözbilir, Ç. Özkaymak, Bora Uzel, Ökmen Sümer, Semih Eski, Ç. Tepe
The Havran-Balıkesir Fault Zone (HBFZ) is one of the major active structures of the Southern Marmara Region, which has been shaped by the southern branch of North Anatolian fault since the Pliocene. HBFZ is a 10–12 km wide, 120 km long, right-lateral strike-slip fault zone that consists of two ENE-striking main faults, namely, the Havran-Balya and Balıkesir faults. The 90-km-long Havran-Balya fault exhibits right-stepping en echelon geometry and is made up of (1) Havran, (2) Osmanlar, (3) Turplu and (4) Ovacık fault segments. On the eastern part, the 70-km-long Balıkesir fault is divided into two fault segments; (1) Gökçeyazı and (2) Kepsut. We estimated the long-term slip rate between 3.59 and 3.78 mm/yr using river offset. The Kepsut, Gökçeyazı and Ovacık fault segments are capable of generating an earthquake with a moment magnitude of up to 7.2. Detailed palaeoseismological studies show that the HBFZ is responsible for some surface faulting earthquakes with an average recurrence interval of 1000–2000 years during the late Holocene. Considering the fact that there was no evidence of a surface-ruptured earthquake for 2000 years, it can be stated that there is a seismic gap on the Gökçeyazı fault segment.
{"title":"Palaeoseismology of the Havran-Balıkesir Fault Zone: evidence for past earthquakes in the strike-slip-dominated contractional deformation along the southern branches of the North Anatolian fault in northwest Turkey","authors":"H. Sözbilir, Ç. Özkaymak, Bora Uzel, Ökmen Sümer, Semih Eski, Ç. Tepe","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2016.1171111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2016.1171111","url":null,"abstract":"The Havran-Balıkesir Fault Zone (HBFZ) is one of the major active structures of the Southern Marmara Region, which has been shaped by the southern branch of North Anatolian fault since the Pliocene. HBFZ is a 10–12 km wide, 120 km long, right-lateral strike-slip fault zone that consists of two ENE-striking main faults, namely, the Havran-Balya and Balıkesir faults. The 90-km-long Havran-Balya fault exhibits right-stepping en echelon geometry and is made up of (1) Havran, (2) Osmanlar, (3) Turplu and (4) Ovacık fault segments. On the eastern part, the 70-km-long Balıkesir fault is divided into two fault segments; (1) Gökçeyazı and (2) Kepsut. We estimated the long-term slip rate between 3.59 and 3.78 mm/yr using river offset. The Kepsut, Gökçeyazı and Ovacık fault segments are capable of generating an earthquake with a moment magnitude of up to 7.2. Detailed palaeoseismological studies show that the HBFZ is responsible for some surface faulting earthquakes with an average recurrence interval of 1000–2000 years during the late Holocene. Considering the fact that there was no evidence of a surface-ruptured earthquake for 2000 years, it can be stated that there is a seismic gap on the Gökçeyazı fault segment.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"28 1","pages":"254 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2016.1171111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59554962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-11DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1121796
Taner Ekici
The Neogene–Quaternary volcanic products, related to Arabian and Anatolian Plate collision along the Bitlis Suture Zone, cover wide areas on both plates. One of these volcanic exposures on the Arabian Plate is the Kepez volcanic complex (KVC). This study aims explain to petrogenesis of KVC. Although some examples display alkaline affinities, the majority of the volcanic rock is calc-alkaline and can be defined in three main groups. 40Ar/39Ar data obtained from dacite, basalt and andesite rock groups within the KVC yield ages of between 13.5 and 15.5 Ma. Geochemical and petrographical data show that the andesitic rocks are products of homogeneous mixing between basic end-member magmas and dacitic magmas which are the products of partial melting of lower crustal compositions. Basaltic products of KVC are asthenospheric mantle derived, while dacitic and andesitic volcanic rocks are crustal origin. High Sr and Nd isotope ratios may indicate that andesitic and dacitic rocks originated from continental crust. The lithospheric mantle, which is subducting underneath the Anatolian plate, must have experienced slab break-off processes 13–15 million years ago and sunk into the asthenosphere. KVC were produced with the collision between Arabian and Anatolian Plates and related uplift of the East Anatolia region.
{"title":"Collision-related slab break-off volcanism in the Eastern Anatolia, Kepez volcanic complex (TURKEY)","authors":"Taner Ekici","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2015.1121796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2015.1121796","url":null,"abstract":"The Neogene–Quaternary volcanic products, related to Arabian and Anatolian Plate collision along the Bitlis Suture Zone, cover wide areas on both plates. One of these volcanic exposures on the Arabian Plate is the Kepez volcanic complex (KVC). This study aims explain to petrogenesis of KVC. Although some examples display alkaline affinities, the majority of the volcanic rock is calc-alkaline and can be defined in three main groups. 40Ar/39Ar data obtained from dacite, basalt and andesite rock groups within the KVC yield ages of between 13.5 and 15.5 Ma. Geochemical and petrographical data show that the andesitic rocks are products of homogeneous mixing between basic end-member magmas and dacitic magmas which are the products of partial melting of lower crustal compositions. Basaltic products of KVC are asthenospheric mantle derived, while dacitic and andesitic volcanic rocks are crustal origin. High Sr and Nd isotope ratios may indicate that andesitic and dacitic rocks originated from continental crust. The lithospheric mantle, which is subducting underneath the Anatolian plate, must have experienced slab break-off processes 13–15 million years ago and sunk into the asthenosphere. KVC were produced with the collision between Arabian and Anatolian Plates and related uplift of the East Anatolia region.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"28 1","pages":"223 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2015.1121796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59554547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-11DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1121802
Ozlem Yagbasan
Groundwater is an important component of the global freshwater supply and is affected by climate. There is a strong need to understand and evaluate the impacts of climate change over the long term, in order to better plan and manage precious groundwater resources. Turkey, located in Mediterranean basin, is threatened by climate change. The purpose of this study was, through a quantitative overview, to determine the impacts of climate change on the groundwater recharge rates in Küçük Menderes River Basin in western Turkey. According to the data of Ödemiş and Selçuk meteorological stations located in the basin, there is a significantly decreasing trend in precipitation combined with increasing trends in temperature and evaporation observed in 1964–2011. The calculations of groundwater recharge with hydrologic budget method for the observation period showed an approximately 15% decline in groundwater recharge in the basin. Thus, the combined impacts of climate change and excessive groundwater pumping, due to increasing water demand, have caused a significant decline in groundwater levels. Consequently, the proper management of the groundwater resources threatened by climate change requires effective governance to both mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change and facilitate the adaptation of sustainable integrated water management policies.
{"title":"Impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge in Küçük Menderes River Basin in Western Turkey","authors":"Ozlem Yagbasan","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2015.1121802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2015.1121802","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is an important component of the global freshwater supply and is affected by climate. There is a strong need to understand and evaluate the impacts of climate change over the long term, in order to better plan and manage precious groundwater resources. Turkey, located in Mediterranean basin, is threatened by climate change. The purpose of this study was, through a quantitative overview, to determine the impacts of climate change on the groundwater recharge rates in Küçük Menderes River Basin in western Turkey. According to the data of Ödemiş and Selçuk meteorological stations located in the basin, there is a significantly decreasing trend in precipitation combined with increasing trends in temperature and evaporation observed in 1964–2011. The calculations of groundwater recharge with hydrologic budget method for the observation period showed an approximately 15% decline in groundwater recharge in the basin. Thus, the combined impacts of climate change and excessive groundwater pumping, due to increasing water demand, have caused a significant decline in groundwater levels. Consequently, the proper management of the groundwater resources threatened by climate change requires effective governance to both mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change and facilitate the adaptation of sustainable integrated water management policies.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"28 1","pages":"209 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2015.1121802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59554563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-08DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1128180
Erman Özsayın
Western Anatolia is one of the world’s most seismically active regions. A nearly N–S-oriented extension caused the formation of E–W- and NE–SW-trending major grabens, creating the potential for earthquakes with magnitudes ≥ 5. The fault segments of the NE-trending Çameli Basin were evaluated using geomorphic indices, common tools for assessment of relative tectonic activity in such areas. Quantitative measurement of geomorphic indices including mountain-front sinuosity (Smf; 1.35–2.39), valley floor width-to-height ratios (Vf; 0.08‒0.37), and hypsometric integral (HI; 0.31–1.05) suggest relatively higher tectonic activity along western and southern part of the basin. Hypsometric curves for all segments of the faults mostly exhibit concave or straight profiles, signifying existence of young mountain fronts in the Çameli Basin. These calculations indicate that the Çameli Basin is tectonically active and, southern/south-western areas of this depression have earthquake potential, consistent with epicentres of recent earthquakes, occurred along some fault segments. Possible reason of this activity seems to be related to the E–W-trending corridor lying between the Gulf of Gökova and south-eastern part of the Çameli Basin, represented by active normal faults. These findings should be valid beyond the Çameli Basin for similar situations along the Isparta Angle’s western margin.
{"title":"Relative tectonic activity assessment of the Çameli Basin, Western Anatolia, using geomorphic indices","authors":"Erman Özsayın","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2015.1128180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2015.1128180","url":null,"abstract":"Western Anatolia is one of the world’s most seismically active regions. A nearly N–S-oriented extension caused the formation of E–W- and NE–SW-trending major grabens, creating the potential for earthquakes with magnitudes ≥ 5. The fault segments of the NE-trending Çameli Basin were evaluated using geomorphic indices, common tools for assessment of relative tectonic activity in such areas. Quantitative measurement of geomorphic indices including mountain-front sinuosity (Smf; 1.35–2.39), valley floor width-to-height ratios (Vf; 0.08‒0.37), and hypsometric integral (HI; 0.31–1.05) suggest relatively higher tectonic activity along western and southern part of the basin. Hypsometric curves for all segments of the faults mostly exhibit concave or straight profiles, signifying existence of young mountain fronts in the Çameli Basin. These calculations indicate that the Çameli Basin is tectonically active and, southern/south-western areas of this depression have earthquake potential, consistent with epicentres of recent earthquakes, occurred along some fault segments. Possible reason of this activity seems to be related to the E–W-trending corridor lying between the Gulf of Gökova and south-eastern part of the Çameli Basin, represented by active normal faults. These findings should be valid beyond the Çameli Basin for similar situations along the Isparta Angle’s western margin.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"28 1","pages":"241 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2015.1128180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59555331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1108569
D. Kopaska-Merkel, A. Rindsberg
Cubichnia from the Hartselle Sandstone, described as Rusophycus hartselleanus and herein renamed Alph hartselleanus n. igen., includes specimens with well-defined, terminal cylindrical structures. We interpret these oblique shaft-like structures as having a respiratory function based on: (1) exact placement of cylindrical structures on the cubichnial axis; (2) unique sculpture with both transverse and longitudinal striation, absent elsewhere in the assemblage despite excellent preservation of trace fossils; (3) associated features in the trace such as bubbly structure that also could be caused by bioirrigation. Alph hartselleanus is much larger than known Carboniferous trilobites. While similar to Rusophycus, the Hartselle cubichnia has a complex morphology suggesting a crustacean tracemaker. The trace is quadrilobate, with distinct anterior and posterior regions. The posterior region has 5 or 6 pairs of coarse, obliquely transverse striae corresponding to digging appendages, crosscut by fine, obliquely longitudinal striae that may record bioirrigation. The anterior region has a bubbly structure suggestive of thixotropic movement of sand, again, possible evidence for bioirrigation. The axial shafts do not match known trilobite appendages, but could have been made by crustaceans. Were the cubichnia merely resting traces, or did they have additional functions such as nesting or protection during moulting? In a broader context, the physical evidence for bioirrigation represents a nearly untapped opportunity for understanding the Cambrian Substrate Revolution as well as Phanerozoic ecosystems. Where preserved, the apertures of burrows should be investigated for evidence of bioirrigation.
Hartselle砂岩中的克氏菌，描述为Rusophycus hartselleanus，此处更名为Alph hartselleanus n. igen。，包括具有明确的末端圆柱形结构的标本。我们将这些斜轴状结构解释为具有呼吸功能，基于:(1)圆柱形结构在三轴上的精确位置;(2)具有横向和纵向条纹的独特雕刻，尽管保存完好的痕迹化石，但在其他组合中没有;(3)痕迹中的气泡结构等相关特征也可能由生物灌溉引起。alphhartselleanus比已知的石炭纪三叶虫大得多。虽然与Rusophycus相似，但Hartselle cubichnia具有复杂的形态，表明它是甲壳类的示踪器。痕迹为四边形，有明显的前后区。后区有5或6对粗斜横纹，对应于挖掘附属物，被细斜纵纹横切，可能记录生物灌溉。前区有泡状结构，提示沙的触变运动，这可能是生物灌溉的证据。轴轴与已知的三叶虫附属物不匹配，但可能是甲壳类动物的附属物。这些胎记仅仅是休息的痕迹，还是它们有其他的功能，比如筑巢或在换毛期间起到保护作用?在更广泛的背景下，生物灌溉的物理证据为理解寒武纪基质革命和显生宙生态系统提供了一个几乎尚未开发的机会。在保存完好的地方，应该调查洞穴的缝隙，寻找生物灌溉的证据。
{"title":"Bioirrigation in Alph n. igen., arthropod cubichnia from the Mississippian Hartselle Sandstone of Alabama (USA)","authors":"D. Kopaska-Merkel, A. Rindsberg","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2015.1108569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2015.1108569","url":null,"abstract":"Cubichnia from the Hartselle Sandstone, described as Rusophycus hartselleanus and herein renamed Alph hartselleanus n. igen., includes specimens with well-defined, terminal cylindrical structures. We interpret these oblique shaft-like structures as having a respiratory function based on: (1) exact placement of cylindrical structures on the cubichnial axis; (2) unique sculpture with both transverse and longitudinal striation, absent elsewhere in the assemblage despite excellent preservation of trace fossils; (3) associated features in the trace such as bubbly structure that also could be caused by bioirrigation. Alph hartselleanus is much larger than known Carboniferous trilobites. While similar to Rusophycus, the Hartselle cubichnia has a complex morphology suggesting a crustacean tracemaker. The trace is quadrilobate, with distinct anterior and posterior regions. The posterior region has 5 or 6 pairs of coarse, obliquely transverse striae corresponding to digging appendages, crosscut by fine, obliquely longitudinal striae that may record bioirrigation. The anterior region has a bubbly structure suggestive of thixotropic movement of sand, again, possible evidence for bioirrigation. The axial shafts do not match known trilobite appendages, but could have been made by crustaceans. Were the cubichnia merely resting traces, or did they have additional functions such as nesting or protection during moulting? In a broader context, the physical evidence for bioirrigation represents a nearly untapped opportunity for understanding the Cambrian Substrate Revolution as well as Phanerozoic ecosystems. Where preserved, the apertures of burrows should be investigated for evidence of bioirrigation.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"28 1","pages":"117 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2015.1108569","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59554773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1113031
J. Martinell, Zain Belaústegui
From a young age, Jordi Maria was always fascinated by Natural Sciences, Geology and fossils being especially attractive for him. Together with his school friends, planning a fieldtrip to observe and recollect fossils was one of his hobbies. At that time, Jordi Maria was really interested in trilobites. In fact, he gathered an interesting collection of fossils of this group from the Catalonian Palaeozoic rocks. Jordi Maria had no doubts about his future; he wanted to be a palaeontologist. To get it, he enrolled at the Faculty of Geology of the Universitat de Barcelona in the 1986/1987 academic year. Four years later, he got his degree in Geology (1990/1991). During these years, he first met Prof. Jordi Martinell and Dr Rosa Domènech (his ‘Paleontology’ and ‘Invertebrate Paleontology’ professors). Over time, both would become his friends and colleagues for over 20 years. Continuing his formation as palaeontologist, Jordi Maria wanted to develop his Master thesis in the study of trilobites (those collected during his youth), so he proposed to Prof. J. Martinell to be his supervisor. However, since Prof. J. Martinell knew about the wide geological and palaeontological vision that Jordi Maria had demonstrated during his degree, he made him change his mind and convinced him to carry out an ichnological study. Eventually, he defended in 1992 the Master thesis entitled ‘Estructures de bioturbació en el Pliocè marí del Baix Llobregat’ (Bioturbation structures in the marine Pliocene of the Baix Llobregat, Univesitat de Barcelona). Jordi Maria’s way on Ichnology began. From 1992 to 1995 and again under the supervision of Prof. J. Martinell, Jordi Maria earned a predoctoral FPU grant in the Universitat de Barcelona (Earth Sciences PhD programme) to develop the doctoral thesis. During this time, besides become a member of the research group PaleoNeoMed (to which he belonged uninterruptedly until the day of his death), he also had opportunity to do several short stays in different foreign research centres. Among them, that held in the University of Reading (UK) under the supervision of Prof. Roland Goldring was the most important with respect to his overall understanding of Ichnology. Although it is true that Prof. J. Martinell (more interested in bioerosion) introduced Jordi Maria to the ichnology world, Prof. R.
Jordi Maria从小就对自然科学着迷，地质和化石对他尤其有吸引力。他的爱好之一是和同学们一起策划一次实地考察，去观察和回忆化石。那时，Jordi Maria对三叶虫非常感兴趣。事实上，他从加泰罗尼亚古生代的岩石中收集了一组有趣的化石。乔迪·玛丽亚对自己的未来毫不怀疑;他想成为古生物学家。为了获得这个学位，他在1986/1987学年进入巴塞罗那大学地质学院学习。四年后，他获得地质学学位(1990/1991)。在这几年里，他第一次见到了Jordi Martinell教授和Rosa dom nech博士(他的“古生物学”和“无脊椎古生物学”教授)。随着时间的推移，两人成为了他20多年的朋友和同事。继续他的古生物学家生涯，Jordi Maria想在他的硕士论文中研究三叶虫(他年轻时收集的那些)，所以他向J. Martinell教授提议做他的导师。然而，由于J. Martinell教授知道Jordi Maria在攻读学位期间表现出的广阔的地质学和古生物学视野，他使他改变了主意，并说服他进行一项技术研究。最终，他在1992年为题为“Estructures de bioturbació en el Pliocè marí del Baix Llobregat”的硕士论文进行了辩护(Estructures de bioturbació en el Pliocè marí del Baix Llobregat海洋上新世的生物扰动结构，巴塞罗那大学)。Jordi Maria的科技之路开始了。从1992年到1995年，在J. Martinell教授的指导下，Jordi Maria获得了巴塞罗那大学(地球科学博士课程)的博士前FPU资助，以撰写博士论文。在此期间，除了成为PaleoNeoMed研究小组的一员(他一直是该小组的成员，直到他去世的那一天)，他还有机会在不同的国外研究中心做了几次短期停留。其中，在英国雷丁大学(University of Reading)举行的由Roland Goldring教授指导的会议对他对Ichnology的整体理解是最重要的。虽然是J. Martinell教授(对生物侵蚀更感兴趣)把Jordi Maria介绍给了科技界，但R。
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Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1035208
L. Löwemark, Yu-Chen Zheng, S. Das, C. Yeh, Tzu-Tung Chen
In the Miocene sandstones of the Nankang Formation in north-eastern Taiwan, different varieties of the trace fossil Ophiomorpha are abundant. In certain beds, a peculiar reworking of vertical Ophiomorpha shafts was observed. This reworking consists of an inner, lined tube positioned in the centre of the shaft. The shaft is lined by thin walls with small knobs and is distinctly different from the shafts of the Ophiomorpha nodosa mazes found in the same beds which have thick walls and large knobs. Because both outer and the inner tube walls were constructed by small sub-pellets, a diagenetic origin can be ruled out. The presence of sub-pellets further indicates that the inner tubes were also constructed by crustaceans and not commensal organisms such as worms or fish. The abundance of these vertical shafts suggests that they were constructed for a specific purpose, and the similarities in sub-pellets indicate that they likely were constructed by different generations of the same crustacean species. Because brooding chambers were not observed and are rare among extant marine crustaceans, we suggest that the vertical shafts were constructed to encourage juvenile shrimp to resettle in the parental burrows after they had completed their pelagic larval stages.
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