Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1065306
Lothar H. Vallon, A. Rindsberg, R. Bromley
During the last few decades, many new ethological categories for trace fossils have been proposed in addition to the original five given by Seilacher. In this article, we review these new groups and present a version of the scheme of fossil animal behaviour originally published by Bromley updated with regard to modern ethological concepts, especially those of Tinbergen. Because some behaviours are more common in certain environments than others, they are useful in palaeoecological reconstructions, forming the original basis of the ichnofacies concept. To simplify, we summarise some ethological categories as previously done by others. However, the tracemaker’s behaviour in some cases is so distinctive that subcategories should be employed, especially in ecological interpretations of certain environments where a special behaviour may be dominant.
{"title":"An updated classification of animal behaviour preserved in substrates","authors":"Lothar H. Vallon, A. Rindsberg, R. Bromley","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2015.1065306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2015.1065306","url":null,"abstract":"During the last few decades, many new ethological categories for trace fossils have been proposed in addition to the original five given by Seilacher. In this article, we review these new groups and present a version of the scheme of fossil animal behaviour originally published by Bromley updated with regard to modern ethological concepts, especially those of Tinbergen. Because some behaviours are more common in certain environments than others, they are useful in palaeoecological reconstructions, forming the original basis of the ichnofacies concept. To simplify, we summarise some ethological categories as previously done by others. However, the tracemaker’s behaviour in some cases is so distinctive that subcategories should be employed, especially in ecological interpretations of certain environments where a special behaviour may be dominant.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"8 1","pages":"20 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2015.1065306","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59554403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1065307
Changhong Wang, Juan Wang, Bin Hu, Xu Lu
The Upper Cretaceous Gaogou, Majiachun and Sigou formations in the Xixia Basin are composed of terrestrial clastic deposits, which are dominated by red-violet mudstones, muddy siltstones, siltstones, grayish fine-grained sandstones, intercalated with grayish, off-white medium- and coarse-grained sandstones or conglomerates. They contain 10 ichnogenera and 22 ichnospecies and Rhizoliths, including Arenicolites isp., Archaeonassa isp., Beaconites antarcticus, B. capronus, B. coronus, Cylindricum isp., Gastruichnus xixiaensis, Palaeophycus megas, P. tubularis, P. heberti, P. sulcatus, P. cf. sulcatus, P. striatus, Planolites beverleyensis, P. isp., Scoyenia gracilis, Skolithos verticalis, S. linearis, S. isp., Taenidium irregularis, T. serpentinum and T. barretti. From north to south across the basin, alluvial fan, braided and meandering fluvial and fluvio-lacustrine systems are recognised on the basis of sedimentary features. In reference to them, four ichnoassemblages are recognised: (1) Skolithos-Gastruichnus ichnoassemblage in the channel environment of braided and meandering river, (2) Beaconites-Taenidium ichnoassemblage in the natural levee and crevasse splays, (3) Beaconites-Palaeophycus ichnoassemblage in the flood plain and (4) Taenidium-Scoyenia ichnoassemblage in the periodically exposed fluvio-lacustrine (pond or very shallow lacustrine) sedimentary environments. The present work not only enrich the trace fossils database of terrestrial origin but also offer new data to complete further continental ichnofacies mode and also provide the constraints on palaeoenvironments of the Xixia Basin.
{"title":"Trace fossils and sedimentary environments of the upper cretaceous in the Xixia Basin, Southwestern Henan Province, China","authors":"Changhong Wang, Juan Wang, Bin Hu, Xu Lu","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2015.1065307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2015.1065307","url":null,"abstract":"The Upper Cretaceous Gaogou, Majiachun and Sigou formations in the Xixia Basin are composed of terrestrial clastic deposits, which are dominated by red-violet mudstones, muddy siltstones, siltstones, grayish fine-grained sandstones, intercalated with grayish, off-white medium- and coarse-grained sandstones or conglomerates. They contain 10 ichnogenera and 22 ichnospecies and Rhizoliths, including Arenicolites isp., Archaeonassa isp., Beaconites antarcticus, B. capronus, B. coronus, Cylindricum isp., Gastruichnus xixiaensis, Palaeophycus megas, P. tubularis, P. heberti, P. sulcatus, P. cf. sulcatus, P. striatus, Planolites beverleyensis, P. isp., Scoyenia gracilis, Skolithos verticalis, S. linearis, S. isp., Taenidium irregularis, T. serpentinum and T. barretti. From north to south across the basin, alluvial fan, braided and meandering fluvial and fluvio-lacustrine systems are recognised on the basis of sedimentary features. In reference to them, four ichnoassemblages are recognised: (1) Skolithos-Gastruichnus ichnoassemblage in the channel environment of braided and meandering river, (2) Beaconites-Taenidium ichnoassemblage in the natural levee and crevasse splays, (3) Beaconites-Palaeophycus ichnoassemblage in the flood plain and (4) Taenidium-Scoyenia ichnoassemblage in the periodically exposed fluvio-lacustrine (pond or very shallow lacustrine) sedimentary environments. The present work not only enrich the trace fossils database of terrestrial origin but also offer new data to complete further continental ichnofacies mode and also provide the constraints on palaeoenvironments of the Xixia Basin.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"28 1","pages":"53 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2015.1065307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59554458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1054082
Hui-bo Song, Hailin Wang, Fang Wang, Ruiqing Guo, Bin Hu
Thirteen ichnogenera and seventeen ichnospecies were recognised in carbonate rocks from the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in North China Basin. Based on the composition, occurrence and diversity of ichnofossils, intensity of bioturbation, lithologic characteristics, especially on the variation of individual size and the filling colour diversities of the Zoophycos burrows, four types of ichnofabrics were recognised, that is (1) epigenic tiering ichnofabric – mainly appeared on or near the bedding plane and formed in restricted bay or lagoon sedimentary environments; (2) shallow tiering ichnofabric – developed less than 15 cm under the bedding plane and occurred in the upper shallow-marine environment; (3) medium tiering ichnofabric – mainly distributed from 15 to 20 cm under the bedding plane and generated in the mid-upper shallow sea (restricted–open platform); (4) deep tiering ichnofabric – distributed from 25 to 30 cm under the bedding plane and occurred in lower shallow sea (open platform) far from shore. Based on ichnological and sedimentological analyses above four types of ichnofabrics, the sedimentary environment model of the ichnofabrics in carbonate rocks from the Taiyuan Formation in North China Basin is proposed in this paper.
{"title":"Ichnofossils and ichnofabrics in the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation of North China Basin","authors":"Hui-bo Song, Hailin Wang, Fang Wang, Ruiqing Guo, Bin Hu","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2015.1054082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2015.1054082","url":null,"abstract":"Thirteen ichnogenera and seventeen ichnospecies were recognised in carbonate rocks from the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in North China Basin. Based on the composition, occurrence and diversity of ichnofossils, intensity of bioturbation, lithologic characteristics, especially on the variation of individual size and the filling colour diversities of the Zoophycos burrows, four types of ichnofabrics were recognised, that is (1) epigenic tiering ichnofabric – mainly appeared on or near the bedding plane and formed in restricted bay or lagoon sedimentary environments; (2) shallow tiering ichnofabric – developed less than 15 cm under the bedding plane and occurred in the upper shallow-marine environment; (3) medium tiering ichnofabric – mainly distributed from 15 to 20 cm under the bedding plane and generated in the mid-upper shallow sea (restricted–open platform); (4) deep tiering ichnofabric – distributed from 25 to 30 cm under the bedding plane and occurred in lower shallow sea (open platform) far from shore. Based on ichnological and sedimentological analyses above four types of ichnofabrics, the sedimentary environment model of the ichnofabrics in carbonate rocks from the Taiyuan Formation in North China Basin is proposed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"28 1","pages":"37 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2015.1054082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59554385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1113720
H. Demircan, A. Uchman
On Gökçeada Island, the Mezardere Formation is dominated by the prodelta facies composed mostly of light grey, thinly bedded, fissile calcareous mudstones and siltstones, which mostly display parallel lamination or rarely ripple lamination. These sediments are intercalated with isolated thin beds of very fine- or fine-grained slightly muscovitic sandstones, which display parallel lamination in the lower part and ripple lamination in the upper part, or only ripple lamination. Thicker sandstone beds, referred to as mouth bars, are present in places. The prodelta sediments are poorly bioturbated (ii = 0–1), but moderately diverse trace fossils occur on some bedding surfaces, including 22 ichnotaxa referred to 13 ichnogenera and three trace fossils left in open nomenclature. The impoverished trace fossil assemblages are typical of deltaic sediments, but paucity of the trace fossils and poor bioturbation of the prodelta sediments in the Mezardere Formation is striking. The typically marine ichnoataxa are rare or absent in most outcrops. This trace fossil assemblage, resembling the Mermia ichnofacies, suggests a strong brackishness of the palaeoenvironment; however, the occurrence of Bichordites kuzunensis in one outcrop suggests local and temporal normal marine conditions referred to as salinity fluctuations.
{"title":"Ichnology of prodelta deposits of the Mezardere Formation (late Eocene – early Oligocene) in the Gökçeada Island, western Turkey","authors":"H. Demircan, A. Uchman","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2015.1113720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2015.1113720","url":null,"abstract":"On Gökçeada Island, the Mezardere Formation is dominated by the prodelta facies composed mostly of light grey, thinly bedded, fissile calcareous mudstones and siltstones, which mostly display parallel lamination or rarely ripple lamination. These sediments are intercalated with isolated thin beds of very fine- or fine-grained slightly muscovitic sandstones, which display parallel lamination in the lower part and ripple lamination in the upper part, or only ripple lamination. Thicker sandstone beds, referred to as mouth bars, are present in places. The prodelta sediments are poorly bioturbated (ii = 0–1), but moderately diverse trace fossils occur on some bedding surfaces, including 22 ichnotaxa referred to 13 ichnogenera and three trace fossils left in open nomenclature. The impoverished trace fossil assemblages are typical of deltaic sediments, but paucity of the trace fossils and poor bioturbation of the prodelta sediments in the Mezardere Formation is striking. The typically marine ichnoataxa are rare or absent in most outcrops. This trace fossil assemblage, resembling the Mermia ichnofacies, suggests a strong brackishness of the palaeoenvironment; however, the occurrence of Bichordites kuzunensis in one outcrop suggests local and temporal normal marine conditions referred to as salinity fluctuations.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"28 1","pages":"100 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2015.1113720","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59554743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1037151
Anthony J. Martin, Michael Blair, Benjamin F. Dattilo, S. Howald, J. Farlow
Diplocraterion, a U-shaped burrow attributed to infaunal invertebrates, is normally a shallow-marine trace fossil and not part of a continental vertebrate ichnoassemblage. Hence, the Glen Rose Formation (Aptian–Albian) of Texas (USA) presents an opportunity to study Diplocraterion associated with a world-class dinosaur tracksite. Most Diplocraterion are in a bioclastic wackestone–packstone bed just above the Taylor Tracklayer, a significant dinosaur track horizon. Diplocraterion are consistently sized, but with variable depths; most have protrusive spreiten and northeast–southwest trends. Smaller Arenicolites co-occur with Diplocraterion, and other trace fossils include Rhizocorallium and a large theropod trackway. Based on our analysis, a sea-level rise buried the Taylor Tracklayer, with a shallow-marine carbonate mud colonised by Diplocraterion and Arenicolites tracemakers. Protrusive Diplocraterion, eroded burrow tops, Rhizocorallium, and other criteria point towards firming and net erosion of the bed caused by a stillstand. The depositional environment of the Diplocraterion bed was possibly a subtidal lagoon that covered shoreward sediments impacted by large theropods. Burrow orientations suggest bidirectional currents consistent with trends of theropod trackways, implying each were controlled by a shoreline. The results of our study demonstrate how marine invertebrate and continental vertebrate trace fossils can be used together to define fine-scale changes in former carbonate shorelines.
{"title":"The ups and downs of Diplocraterion in the Glen Rose Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Dinosaur Valley State Park, Texas (USA)","authors":"Anthony J. Martin, Michael Blair, Benjamin F. Dattilo, S. Howald, J. Farlow","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2015.1037151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2015.1037151","url":null,"abstract":"Diplocraterion, a U-shaped burrow attributed to infaunal invertebrates, is normally a shallow-marine trace fossil and not part of a continental vertebrate ichnoassemblage. Hence, the Glen Rose Formation (Aptian–Albian) of Texas (USA) presents an opportunity to study Diplocraterion associated with a world-class dinosaur tracksite. Most Diplocraterion are in a bioclastic wackestone–packstone bed just above the Taylor Tracklayer, a significant dinosaur track horizon. Diplocraterion are consistently sized, but with variable depths; most have protrusive spreiten and northeast–southwest trends. Smaller Arenicolites co-occur with Diplocraterion, and other trace fossils include Rhizocorallium and a large theropod trackway. Based on our analysis, a sea-level rise buried the Taylor Tracklayer, with a shallow-marine carbonate mud colonised by Diplocraterion and Arenicolites tracemakers. Protrusive Diplocraterion, eroded burrow tops, Rhizocorallium, and other criteria point towards firming and net erosion of the bed caused by a stillstand. The depositional environment of the Diplocraterion bed was possibly a subtidal lagoon that covered shoreward sediments impacted by large theropods. Burrow orientations suggest bidirectional currents consistent with trends of theropod trackways, implying each were controlled by a shoreline. The results of our study demonstrate how marine invertebrate and continental vertebrate trace fossils can be used together to define fine-scale changes in former carbonate shorelines.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"28 1","pages":"101 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2015.1037151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59554093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-02DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1065309
Bhawanisingh G. Desai
Complex interaction among trace fossils are important in understanding organisms niche preference for foraging in ancient rock records. There exist well-recorded examples of compound trace fossils. However, such compound traces rarely exhibit exploitation of burrow wall and fill sediments for feeding. In recent sediments, several examples are well documented for feeding on burrow wall and burrow fills because of nutrient enrichments in them. Such type of complex interactions occur in the shallow marine Pleistocene age sequences exposed in island in Gulf of Kachchh, India. These deposits are known as ‘Shankhodhar Sand Clay Member’ of Dwarka Formation. Trace fossils recorded are Chondrites, Chomatichnus, Gyrolithes, Ophiomorpha, Rhizocorallium, Schaubcylindrichnus, Sinusichnus, Spongeliomorpha, Taenidium and display three Ichnoassemblages. Three types of complex interactions are suggested: (1) Burrow architecture modification, (2) feeding on burrow walls and burrow fills and (3) acute angle branching. Thus, the trace fossil association indicates selective preference of trace maker for their foraging activities in shallow marine Shankhodhar Sand Clay Member of Pleistocene age.
{"title":"Ichnological analysis of the Pleistocene Dwarka Formation, Gulf of Kachchh: tracemaker behaviors and reworked traces","authors":"Bhawanisingh G. Desai","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2015.1065309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2015.1065309","url":null,"abstract":"Complex interaction among trace fossils are important in understanding organisms niche preference for foraging in ancient rock records. There exist well-recorded examples of compound trace fossils. However, such compound traces rarely exhibit exploitation of burrow wall and fill sediments for feeding. In recent sediments, several examples are well documented for feeding on burrow wall and burrow fills because of nutrient enrichments in them. Such type of complex interactions occur in the shallow marine Pleistocene age sequences exposed in island in Gulf of Kachchh, India. These deposits are known as ‘Shankhodhar Sand Clay Member’ of Dwarka Formation. Trace fossils recorded are Chondrites, Chomatichnus, Gyrolithes, Ophiomorpha, Rhizocorallium, Schaubcylindrichnus, Sinusichnus, Spongeliomorpha, Taenidium and display three Ichnoassemblages. Three types of complex interactions are suggested: (1) Burrow architecture modification, (2) feeding on burrow walls and burrow fills and (3) acute angle branching. Thus, the trace fossil association indicates selective preference of trace maker for their foraging activities in shallow marine Shankhodhar Sand Clay Member of Pleistocene age.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"28 1","pages":"18 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2015.1065309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59554577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2014.979532
Hatice Tuğba Daşçı, O. Parlak, Nusret Nurlu, Z. Billor
Palaeo- and Neo-Tethyan-related magmatic and metamorphic units crop out in Konya region in the south central Anatolia. The Neotethyan assemblage is characterized by mélange and ophiolitic units of Late Cretaceous age. They tectonically overlie the Middle Triassic–Upper Cretaceous neritic to pelagic carbonates of the Tauride platform. The metamorphic sole rocks within the Konya mélange crop out as thin slices beneath the sheared serpentinites and harzburgites. The rock types in the metamorphic sole are amphibolite, epidote-amphibolite, garnet-amphibole schist, plagioclase-amphibole schist, plagioclase-epidote-amphibole schist and quartz-amphibole schist. The geochemistry of the metamorphic sole rocks suggests that they were derived from the alkaline (seamount) and tholeiitic (E-MORB, IAT and boninitic type) magmatic rocks from the upper part of the Neotethyan oceanic crust. Four samples from the amphibolitic rocks yielded 40Ar/39Ar isotopic ages, ranging from 87.04 ± .36 Ma to 84.66 ± .30 Ma. Comparison of geochemistry and geochronology for the amphibolitic rocks suggests that the alkaline amphibolite (seamount-type) cooled below 510 ± 25 °C at 87 Ma whereas the tholeiitic amphibolites at 85 Ma during intraoceanic thrusting/subduction. When all the evidence combined together, the intraoceanic subduction initiated in the vicinity of an off-axis plume or a plume-centered spreading ridge in the Inner Tauride Ocean at 87 Ma. During the later stage of the steady-state subduction, the E-MORB volcanics on the top of the down-going slab and the arc-type basalts (IAT/boninitic) detached from the leading edge of the overriding plate, entered the subduction zone after ~2 my and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies in the Inner Tauride Ocean. Duration of the intraoceanic detachment (~87 Ma) and ophiolite emplacement onto the Tauride-Anatolide Platform (Tavşanlı Zone), followed by subsequent HP/LT metamorphism (~82 Ma) spanned ~5 my in the western part of the Inner Tauride Ocean.
{"title":"Geochemical characteristics and age of metamorphic sole rocks within a Neotethyan ophiolitic mélange from Konya region (central southern Turkey)","authors":"Hatice Tuğba Daşçı, O. Parlak, Nusret Nurlu, Z. Billor","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2014.979532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2014.979532","url":null,"abstract":"Palaeo- and Neo-Tethyan-related magmatic and metamorphic units crop out in Konya region in the south central Anatolia. The Neotethyan assemblage is characterized by mélange and ophiolitic units of Late Cretaceous age. They tectonically overlie the Middle Triassic–Upper Cretaceous neritic to pelagic carbonates of the Tauride platform. The metamorphic sole rocks within the Konya mélange crop out as thin slices beneath the sheared serpentinites and harzburgites. The rock types in the metamorphic sole are amphibolite, epidote-amphibolite, garnet-amphibole schist, plagioclase-amphibole schist, plagioclase-epidote-amphibole schist and quartz-amphibole schist. The geochemistry of the metamorphic sole rocks suggests that they were derived from the alkaline (seamount) and tholeiitic (E-MORB, IAT and boninitic type) magmatic rocks from the upper part of the Neotethyan oceanic crust. Four samples from the amphibolitic rocks yielded 40Ar/39Ar isotopic ages, ranging from 87.04 ± .36 Ma to 84.66 ± .30 Ma. Comparison of geochemistry and geochronology for the amphibolitic rocks suggests that the alkaline amphibolite (seamount-type) cooled below 510 ± 25 °C at 87 Ma whereas the tholeiitic amphibolites at 85 Ma during intraoceanic thrusting/subduction. When all the evidence combined together, the intraoceanic subduction initiated in the vicinity of an off-axis plume or a plume-centered spreading ridge in the Inner Tauride Ocean at 87 Ma. During the later stage of the steady-state subduction, the E-MORB volcanics on the top of the down-going slab and the arc-type basalts (IAT/boninitic) detached from the leading edge of the overriding plate, entered the subduction zone after ~2 my and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies in the Inner Tauride Ocean. Duration of the intraoceanic detachment (~87 Ma) and ophiolite emplacement onto the Tauride-Anatolide Platform (Tavşanlı Zone), followed by subsequent HP/LT metamorphism (~82 Ma) spanned ~5 my in the western part of the Inner Tauride Ocean.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"20 1","pages":"223 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2014.979532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59553573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2015.1046354
Y. L. Ekinci, E. Yi̇ği̇tbaş
On the basis of gravity data, derived anomaly traces were presented for the interpretation of some shallow structural features of Biga and Gelibolu peninsulas. Since building general understanding of subtle details about subsurface geology is of great importance considering that the study area is tectonically important, some advanced data processing techniques were implemented to gravity anomalies in a detailed manner. The procedures were performed using a MATLAB-based software package (Gravity and Magnetic Interpretation – GMINTERP). First, a finite element method was utilised to produce the residual data-set which is expected to reflect short wavelength anomalies arising from shallower geological structures, and thereafter some derivative-based algorithms were executed to analyse the residual data. The general anomaly patterns obtained from the applications clearly corresponded to the well-known surface geology map of the study area. Derivative-based anomaly maps put forward some findings about the existence of an old caldera structure in the western part of the Biga Peninsula. Additionally, abrupt lateral changes in anomaly amplitudes indicated the presence of some major structural discontinuities. Thus, findings yielded to make significant geological interpretations that might be important for further investigations. This study also showed that GMINTERP software package proved useful in assisting geological interpretation using geophysical potential field data-sets.
{"title":"Interpretation of gravity anomalies to delineate some structural features of Biga and Gelibolu peninsulas, and their surroundings (north-west Turkey)","authors":"Y. L. Ekinci, E. Yi̇ği̇tbaş","doi":"10.1080/09853111.2015.1046354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2015.1046354","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of gravity data, derived anomaly traces were presented for the interpretation of some shallow structural features of Biga and Gelibolu peninsulas. Since building general understanding of subtle details about subsurface geology is of great importance considering that the study area is tectonically important, some advanced data processing techniques were implemented to gravity anomalies in a detailed manner. The procedures were performed using a MATLAB-based software package (Gravity and Magnetic Interpretation – GMINTERP). First, a finite element method was utilised to produce the residual data-set which is expected to reflect short wavelength anomalies arising from shallower geological structures, and thereafter some derivative-based algorithms were executed to analyse the residual data. The general anomaly patterns obtained from the applications clearly corresponded to the well-known surface geology map of the study area. Derivative-based anomaly maps put forward some findings about the existence of an old caldera structure in the western part of the Biga Peninsula. Additionally, abrupt lateral changes in anomaly amplitudes indicated the presence of some major structural discontinuities. Thus, findings yielded to make significant geological interpretations that might be important for further investigations. This study also showed that GMINTERP software package proved useful in assisting geological interpretation using geophysical potential field data-sets.","PeriodicalId":50420,"journal":{"name":"Geodinamica Acta","volume":"27 1","pages":"300 - 319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/09853111.2015.1046354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59554181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2014.957502
S. Kemeç, A. O. Ok, E. Kamacı
Earthquakes of 23 October 2011 and 9 November 2013 caused significant destruction on existing built-up areas of Van City, Turkey and had led to great loss of life and property. With the aim of identifying the effects of these two high-destructive earthquakes on spatial transformation process of the city, as well as to evaluate applied urban transformation strategies concerning to remove and mitigate the unfavourable effects of these earthquakes, maximum likelihood classification (MLC) is applied on related RapidEye satellite images to find out the urban macro-form changes, the change detection outputs by means of MLC results of the RapidEye satellite images dated before and after earthquakes which indicate that the overall accuracies are computed over 80%. The general results also reveal that the accuracies obtained are very promising to analyse spatial effect of the earthquakes on spatial transformation of the city. The identified findings of this analysis provide useful inputs to forthcoming researches aiming to evaluate the success of those kinds of urban transformation processes that may occur after similar natural disaster cases.
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Pub Date : 2015-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09853111.2014.957504
Ç. Özkaymak
Honaz Dağı (Honaz Mountain, Denizli) is the highest peak in western Anatolia (2517 m) and represents the southern margin of the Denizli Graben Horst System in the western Anatolia Extensional Province. Honaz Fault is a 2-km-wide, 15-km-long northward arc-shaped dip-slip listric normal fault that bounds the northern margin of Honaz Dağı, and has been formed under an N–S-trending extensional tectonic regime since the early Quaternary. This study uses fieldwork and digital elevation model-based geomorphic analysis to identify the kinematic behaviour of the Honaz Fault. Morphometric indices, such as axial river profiles, drainage basin geometries, triangular facets, mountain‐front lineament patterns and sinuosities, document the impact of active tectonics on the evolution of the Honaz Fault and its surroundings, as do valley floor width-to-height ratios and mountain front facet characteristics. These neotectonic indices suggest a relatively high degree of tectonic activity along the Honaz Fault, and suggest that the Quaternary landscape evolution of Honaz Dağı was governed by structural and climate-related erosional processes. Combined geomorphic indices and field data suggest that the analysed dip-slip normal fault segments of the Honaz Fault are linear and highly active, and could generate earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.7. Morphometric analyses of the fault trace along the mountain front yield minimum slip rates of .15–.38 mm/y for the Honaz Fault, which are similar to slip rates calculated for active normal faults in the Aegean region.
Honaz Dağı (Honaz Mountain, Denizli)是安纳托利亚西部的最高峰(2517米)，代表了安纳托利亚西部伸展省的Denizli地堑Horst系统的南缘。霍纳兹断裂是一条宽2 km、长15 km的北向弧形倾滑板状正断层，位于霍纳兹Dağı北缘，形成于早第四纪以来的北向伸展构造体制下。本研究使用实地调查和基于数字高程模型的地貌分析来确定Honaz断层的运动行为。形态测量指标，如轴向河流剖面、流域几何形状、三角形切面、山前轮廓模式和弯曲度，记录了活动构造对霍纳兹断层及其周围地区演化的影响，以及谷底宽高比和山前面特征。这些新构造指标表明霍那士断裂带构造活动程度较高，表明霍那士Dağı第四纪景观演化受构造和气候相关侵蚀作用的支配。综合地貌指标和野外资料表明，所分析的霍纳兹断层倾滑正断层段呈线状且高度活跃，可能产生6.7级地震。沿着山前的断层轨迹的形态计量学分析显示，最小滑移率为0.15 -。霍纳兹断层的滑动率为38毫米/年，这与爱琴海地区活跃的正断层的滑动率相似。
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