A. L. TrevoyStephen, K. JanesJasmine, A. H. SperlingFelix
The invasion of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) into Alberta has been an ongoing concern for forest management. The beetle’s recent appearance and spread in Jasper National Park now poses ecological and economic threats to forestry in regions to the east. By applying recent advances in genetic typing and analysis, we show that the beetle population in Jasper is comprised of mixed individuals combining genetic signatures of both northern and southern beetles. Coupled with current monitoring methods, genetic markers can be used to identify the origin of novel populations, facilitate precise monitoring of beetle expansion and potentially inform targeted management strategies.
{"title":"Where did mountain pine beetle populations in Jasper Park come from? Tracking beetles with genetics","authors":"A. L. TrevoyStephen, K. JanesJasmine, A. H. SperlingFelix","doi":"10.5558/TFC2018-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2018-004","url":null,"abstract":"The invasion of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) into Alberta has been an ongoing concern for forest management. The beetle’s recent appearance and spread in Jasper National Park now poses ecological and economic threats to forestry in regions to the east. By applying recent advances in genetic typing and analysis, we show that the beetle population in Jasper is comprised of mixed individuals combining genetic signatures of both northern and southern beetles. Coupled with current monitoring methods, genetic markers can be used to identify the origin of novel populations, facilitate precise monitoring of beetle expansion and potentially inform targeted management strategies.","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2018-004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70893353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The 1998 Ice Storm – 20 years later / La tempête de verglas de 1998 – 20 ans plus tard","authors":"Michael RosenR.P.F","doi":"10.5558/TFC2018-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2018-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2018-001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45857722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Differents modeles de croissance forestiere sont aujourd’hui disponibles pour simuler l’evolution des peuplements forestiers du Quebec. Pour choisir le modele qui repond le mieux a ses besoins, l’utilisateur a donc besoin d’informations. La presente etude a pour but d’evaluer et de comparer le comportement de deux modeles de croissance forestiere evoluant a des echelles de resolution differentes : Artemis, un modele a l’echelle de l’arbre, et Natura, un modele a l’echelle du peuplement. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilise les deux modeles pour simuler l’evolution sur une periode de 50 ans de placettesechantillons permanentes regroupees en strates et reparties sur 6 larges territoires de la foret publique quebecoise. Nos resultats montrent que les deux modeles produisent des resultats coherents, mais que leur performance varie fortement selon le territoire et la strate simules. Les resultats nous portent a recommander l’utilisation de Natura sur les portions de territoire situees dans le domaine bioclimatiqu...
{"title":"Comparaison des prévisions à court et à long terme d’un modèle de croissance à l’échelle du peuplement avec celles d’un modèle à l’échelle de l’arbre","authors":"P. Hugues, AugerIsabelle","doi":"10.5558/TFC2018-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2018-007","url":null,"abstract":"Differents modeles de croissance forestiere sont aujourd’hui disponibles pour simuler l’evolution des peuplements forestiers du Quebec. Pour choisir le modele qui repond le mieux a ses besoins, l’utilisateur a donc besoin d’informations. La presente etude a pour but d’evaluer et de comparer le comportement de deux modeles de croissance forestiere evoluant a des echelles de resolution differentes : Artemis, un modele a l’echelle de l’arbre, et Natura, un modele a l’echelle du peuplement. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilise les deux modeles pour simuler l’evolution sur une periode de 50 ans de placettesechantillons permanentes regroupees en strates et reparties sur 6 larges territoires de la foret publique quebecoise. Nos resultats montrent que les deux modeles produisent des resultats coherents, mais que leur performance varie fortement selon le territoire et la strate simules. Les resultats nous portent a recommander l’utilisation de Natura sur les portions de territoire situees dans le domaine bioclimatiqu...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2018-007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45502875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Le nerprun bourdaine (Frangula alnus) est une espece exotique envahissante qui compromet la croissance de plantations d’epinette blanche (Picea glauca) au Quebec. L’application de phytocides chimiques, le plus souvent de maniere repetee, est la seule approche reconnue pour maitriser le nerprun. Toutefois, son utilisation souleve des enjeux sociaux et environnementaux. Ainsi, notre objectif etait d’evaluer les effets de la preparation mecanique du sol comme outil de maitrise du nerprun sur des sites reboises. Nous avons compare, apres quatre ans, trois traitements mecaniques du sol (incluant la mise en andains, a titre de temoin) et un scenario d’applications repetees d’un phytocide chimique dans un dispositif experimental en blocs complets. Globalement, la preparation mecanique du sol par hersage ou broyage n’a pas eu d’effet a court terme sur la maitrise du nerprun et sur les dimensions de l’epinette blanche par rapport a la mise en andains. La mise en andains suivie de l’application repetee d’un phytoci...
{"title":"Effets comparatifs de la préparation mécanique du sol et de l’application répétée d’un phytocide chimique pour maîtriser le nerprun et favoriser la croissance en plantations forestières","authors":"Debarpar Sébastien, HébertFrançois, BarretteMartin, BrousseauMaxime, ThiffaultNelson","doi":"10.5558/TFC2018-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2018-009","url":null,"abstract":"Le nerprun bourdaine (Frangula alnus) est une espece exotique envahissante qui compromet la croissance de plantations d’epinette blanche (Picea glauca) au Quebec. L’application de phytocides chimiques, le plus souvent de maniere repetee, est la seule approche reconnue pour maitriser le nerprun. Toutefois, son utilisation souleve des enjeux sociaux et environnementaux. Ainsi, notre objectif etait d’evaluer les effets de la preparation mecanique du sol comme outil de maitrise du nerprun sur des sites reboises. Nous avons compare, apres quatre ans, trois traitements mecaniques du sol (incluant la mise en andains, a titre de temoin) et un scenario d’applications repetees d’un phytocide chimique dans un dispositif experimental en blocs complets. Globalement, la preparation mecanique du sol par hersage ou broyage n’a pas eu d’effet a court terme sur la maitrise du nerprun et sur les dimensions de l’epinette blanche par rapport a la mise en andains. La mise en andains suivie de l’application repetee d’un phytoci...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2018-009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41393790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The boreal zone is at risk of cumulative effects of natural resource extraction activities, which may be further exacerbated in the face of climate change. A major challenge is the lack of common approaches to assess the effectiveness of management measures (e.g., acts, regulations, standards, guidelines, best management practices and certification systems) to determine if the policy objective of sustainable management of the boreal zone is being met. The International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 31000 Risk Management Standard and ISO 31010 Bowtie Risk Management Assessment Tool provide a recognized and credible approach for analyzing risk of policy failure, by articulating: (1) the “risk pathway”, linking the pressures, effects and impacts based on science; (2) the performance of the system of management measures in reducing risk; and, (3) the interactive nature of management measures in the presence of escalating factors, including climate change. Here we present the first application of the B...
{"title":"Assessing the ecological sustainability of a forest management system using the ISO Bowtie Risk Management Assessment Tool","authors":"NebelS., KreutzweiserD., VenierL., WebsterK.","doi":"10.5558/TFC2018-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2018-005","url":null,"abstract":"The boreal zone is at risk of cumulative effects of natural resource extraction activities, which may be further exacerbated in the face of climate change. A major challenge is the lack of common approaches to assess the effectiveness of management measures (e.g., acts, regulations, standards, guidelines, best management practices and certification systems) to determine if the policy objective of sustainable management of the boreal zone is being met. The International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 31000 Risk Management Standard and ISO 31010 Bowtie Risk Management Assessment Tool provide a recognized and credible approach for analyzing risk of policy failure, by articulating: (1) the “risk pathway”, linking the pressures, effects and impacts based on science; (2) the performance of the system of management measures in reducing risk; and, (3) the interactive nature of management measures in the presence of escalating factors, including climate change. Here we present the first application of the B...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2018-005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44710687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Consumers, retailers, investors, and governments want quality products that are both safe and obtained through legal and sustainable practices. The solution put into place to meet those challenges requires the implementation of a traceability system. In the context of forestry, traceability is the ability to inform about the identity or provenance of a wood product. The principle of traceability helps establish trust among the various stakeholders throughout the value chain. To this day, most traceability systems are based on paper permits, which are easier to falsify than systems that are based on genetic markers. In this manuscript, we define the elements of a traceability system based on genomic tools that could be useful for the Canadian forest sector. We also present several examples in which genomic tools are or could be used as traceability systems. Genomic tools and data happen to be available in quantity for several forest species and they could constitute the basis for the development of such tr...
{"title":"Genomic tools for traceability: Opportunities, challenges and perspectives for the Canadian forestry sector","authors":"GodboutJulie, BomalClaude, FarrKen, WilliamsonMiranda, IsabelNathalie","doi":"10.5558/TFC2018-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2018-010","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers, retailers, investors, and governments want quality products that are both safe and obtained through legal and sustainable practices. The solution put into place to meet those challenges requires the implementation of a traceability system. In the context of forestry, traceability is the ability to inform about the identity or provenance of a wood product. The principle of traceability helps establish trust among the various stakeholders throughout the value chain. To this day, most traceability systems are based on paper permits, which are easier to falsify than systems that are based on genetic markers. In this manuscript, we define the elements of a traceability system based on genomic tools that could be useful for the Canadian forest sector. We also present several examples in which genomic tools are or could be used as traceability systems. Genomic tools and data happen to be available in quantity for several forest species and they could constitute the basis for the development of such tr...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2018-010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45812419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Measurements of several mechanical and physical properties were carried out to detect possible variations between ring shaken and non-ring shaken logs or between different areas of wood from the same log (i.e., ring shaken log). Mature wood from the ring shake area had lower axial compression and hardness strength compared to mature wood away from ring shakes. Wood from ring shakes area had lower tangential swelling and precisely at the position of the shakes, the wood had a higher coefficient of anisotropy than the surrounding wood. The juvenile wood’s density from the ring shaken logs was higher compared to that of mature wood, as well as proportional limit and hardness strength. From comparisons between ring shaken and non-ring shaken log properties, the following results were determined: mature wood from any area (independent of the presence of shakes) of ring shaken logs had lower Modulus of Rupture, proportional limits, modulus of elasticity under static bending, axial compression, toughness, and ha...
{"title":"Effect of ring shakes on mechanical properties of chestnut wood from a Greek coppice forest","authors":"KakavasKonstantinos, ChavenetidouMarina, BirbilisDimitris","doi":"10.5558/TFC2018-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2018-008","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of several mechanical and physical properties were carried out to detect possible variations between ring shaken and non-ring shaken logs or between different areas of wood from the same log (i.e., ring shaken log). Mature wood from the ring shake area had lower axial compression and hardness strength compared to mature wood away from ring shakes. Wood from ring shakes area had lower tangential swelling and precisely at the position of the shakes, the wood had a higher coefficient of anisotropy than the surrounding wood. The juvenile wood’s density from the ring shaken logs was higher compared to that of mature wood, as well as proportional limit and hardness strength. From comparisons between ring shaken and non-ring shaken log properties, the following results were determined: mature wood from any area (independent of the presence of shakes) of ring shaken logs had lower Modulus of Rupture, proportional limits, modulus of elasticity under static bending, axial compression, toughness, and ha...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2018-008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46193331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A lack of local and regional markets for trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) can result in large numbers of merchantable-size hardwood stems with little commercial value, which complicates even-aged management of Ontario’s boreal mixedwood forests. To help identify potential management approaches to address this periodic economic situation, the relationship of stand structure with canopy transmittance was examined in recently harvested boreal mixedwood stands with differing hardwood tree retention levels. Canopy transmittance and residual stand structural features were measured in 483, 0.612 ha circular plots established in recently harvested stands in 12 locations across northern Ontario. For both trembling aspen- and white birch-dominated residual stands, canopy transmittance exhibited a negative exponential relationship with basal area, density, and stand density index. Nonlinear mixed effects models sometimes differed significantly between these two ...
{"title":"Influence of post-harvesting residual stand structure on canopy light transmittance in ontario’s boreal mixedwood forests","authors":"W. Parker, Mahadev Sharma","doi":"10.5558/TFC2018-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2018-006","url":null,"abstract":"A lack of local and regional markets for trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) can result in large numbers of merchantable-size hardwood stems with little commercial value, which complicates even-aged management of Ontario’s boreal mixedwood forests. To help identify potential management approaches to address this periodic economic situation, the relationship of stand structure with canopy transmittance was examined in recently harvested boreal mixedwood stands with differing hardwood tree retention levels. Canopy transmittance and residual stand structural features were measured in 483, 0.612 ha circular plots established in recently harvested stands in 12 locations across northern Ontario. For both trembling aspen- and white birch-dominated residual stands, canopy transmittance exhibited a negative exponential relationship with basal area, density, and stand density index. Nonlinear mixed effects models sometimes differed significantly between these two ...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2018-006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47292220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foliage of Canada yew (Taxus canadensis Marsh.) is commercially harvested for extracting taxanes used in anticancer pharmaceutical products. According to New Brunswick harvesting guidelines, only the last three years growth from four out of every five branches should be harvested. A study conducted in the understory of mixedwoods and tolerant hardwoods in northwestern New Brunswick estimated the impact of harvesting foliage on net photosynthetic activity of the residual plant. Net photosynthesis was measured on foliage of current to five-years-old in June, July and August to determine the contribution of each foliage age class to the photosynthetic capacity of a 6-year-old branch segment. Total biomass of each internode age class (0 to 5 and ≥ 6-years-old) was measured to calculate the impact of tip harvesting on percentage of biomass removed and on photosynthetic capacity. When following New Brunswick harvesting guidelines, harvesting removed 15 to 17% of the last three years growth foliage which corresp...
{"title":"The impact of adhering to sustainable harvesting guidelines on the total photosynthetic capacity of Taxus Canadensis","authors":"MartinSarah, LamontagneManuel","doi":"10.5558/TFC2018-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2018-002","url":null,"abstract":"Foliage of Canada yew (Taxus canadensis Marsh.) is commercially harvested for extracting taxanes used in anticancer pharmaceutical products. According to New Brunswick harvesting guidelines, only the last three years growth from four out of every five branches should be harvested. A study conducted in the understory of mixedwoods and tolerant hardwoods in northwestern New Brunswick estimated the impact of harvesting foliage on net photosynthetic activity of the residual plant. Net photosynthesis was measured on foliage of current to five-years-old in June, July and August to determine the contribution of each foliage age class to the photosynthetic capacity of a 6-year-old branch segment. Total biomass of each internode age class (0 to 5 and ≥ 6-years-old) was measured to calculate the impact of tip harvesting on percentage of biomass removed and on photosynthetic capacity. When following New Brunswick harvesting guidelines, harvesting removed 15 to 17% of the last three years growth foliage which corresp...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2018-002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70893340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Six lodgepole pine plantations located within the Sub Boreal Spruce (SBS) biogeoclimatic zone of the northern interior of British Columbia were chosen to study the impacts of neighbourhood aspen competition on the growth of planted lodgepole pine (22–39 years old). At each site, 30 pine trees (CP) were selected as plot centres across the observed range of aspen competition. Information on the six nearest neighbours (NN) and a variety of competition indices were evaluated using linear and nonlinear models. Competition indices based on diameter or height relative to size were found as the best overall predictors of CP growth. Proximity of NN to the CP was found to be inconsistent as a predictor of growth. Individual pine and aspen NN modelling suggested aspen competition had the greatest influence on CP growth restriction. The results do not support aspen thresholds for optimizing the growth of free growing pine plantations. It is recommended that performance-based standards be developed that account for as...
{"title":"Lodgepole pine and trembling aspen competition: Neighbourhood studies within 22 to 39 year-old pine plantations of northern British Columbia","authors":"H. George","doi":"10.5558/TFC2017-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5558/TFC2017-031","url":null,"abstract":"Six lodgepole pine plantations located within the Sub Boreal Spruce (SBS) biogeoclimatic zone of the northern interior of British Columbia were chosen to study the impacts of neighbourhood aspen competition on the growth of planted lodgepole pine (22–39 years old). At each site, 30 pine trees (CP) were selected as plot centres across the observed range of aspen competition. Information on the six nearest neighbours (NN) and a variety of competition indices were evaluated using linear and nonlinear models. Competition indices based on diameter or height relative to size were found as the best overall predictors of CP growth. Proximity of NN to the CP was found to be inconsistent as a predictor of growth. Individual pine and aspen NN modelling suggested aspen competition had the greatest influence on CP growth restriction. The results do not support aspen thresholds for optimizing the growth of free growing pine plantations. It is recommended that performance-based standards be developed that account for as...","PeriodicalId":50433,"journal":{"name":"Forestry Chronicle","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5558/TFC2017-031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43784770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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