Pub Date : 2026-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103209
Miao Zhang, Yanfeng Geng, Liang Sun, Gang Shi, Diqian Wang
Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional Coriolis Mass Flowmeter (CMF) drive system, such as long start-up time, poor anti-interference performance, and vibration stoppage under two-phase flow conditions, this paper proposes a nonlinear amplitude control method for CMF based on adaptive-linear active disturbance rejection control (A-LADRC). This control strategy introduces an A-LADRC controller to adjust the gain of the drive system on the basis of nonlinear amplitude control, thereby enhancing the system's anti-interference capability. The linear extended state observer (LESO) in the A-LADRC is adopted to estimate the internal and external disturbances, and the PD controller compensates for the disturbances. Adaptive control (APC) is added to simplify the parameter adjustment. The experimental results show that when external disturbances occur, the vibration amplitude of the measuring tube under this control strategy can quickly and accurately track the reference amplitude, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the CMF to deal with different interferences.
{"title":"Nonlinear amplitude control method of Coriolis Mass flowmeter based on A-LADRC","authors":"Miao Zhang, Yanfeng Geng, Liang Sun, Gang Shi, Diqian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional Coriolis Mass Flowmeter (CMF) drive system, such as long start-up time, poor anti-interference performance, and vibration stoppage under two-phase flow conditions, this paper proposes a nonlinear amplitude control method for CMF based on adaptive-linear active disturbance rejection control (A-LADRC). This control strategy introduces an A-LADRC controller to adjust the gain of the drive system on the basis of nonlinear amplitude control, thereby enhancing the system's anti-interference capability. The linear extended state observer (LESO) in the A-LADRC is adopted to estimate the internal and external disturbances, and the PD controller compensates for the disturbances. Adaptive control (APC) is added to simplify the parameter adjustment. The experimental results show that when external disturbances occur, the vibration amplitude of the measuring tube under this control strategy can quickly and accurately track the reference amplitude, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the CMF to deal with different interferences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103225
Rongfu Tang , Hong Ji , Bo Lin , Yingjie Wang , Qinghua Li
To address the speed limitation of conventional external gear pumps (CEGPs) caused by inadequate oil suction efficiency, a novel external gear pump (NEGP) based on the parallel distribution principle of tooth root and tooth tip is proposed. By integrating oil suction pressurization technology, the operational speed range of the NEGP is significantly extended. Through experimental evaluation of CEGP's oil suction performance under various operating conditions and structural defect analysis, the NEGP design was developed and validated. A comprehensive flow field simulation model was established to systematically investigate the internal flow dynamics and identify key factors influencing suction efficiency. Furthermore, a dedicated pressurization centrifugal pump was designed, and integrated system tests along with full-scale flow field simulations were conducted to elucidate system matching characteristics and the underlying mechanisms of efficiency enhancement. Results demonstrate that at 3000 rpm, the oil suction efficiency of the NEGP is 12.1 percentage points higher than that of the CEGP. The suction performance of the NEGP is highly dependent on both inlet pressure and rotational speed. At low speeds, the suction contributions from the tooth root and tooth tip are comparable. However, at high speeds, suction at the tooth tip becomes dominant. With the assistance of the pressurization centrifugal pump, the stable operating speed of the NEGP is extended to 4000 rpm. The primary mechanism for improved efficiency is attributed to enhanced oil suction capability at the tooth root region due to elevated inlet pressure. NEGP exhibits lower power consumption and higher energy utilization efficiency than CEGP.
{"title":"A novel external gear pump based on tooth root-tooth tip flow distribution principle","authors":"Rongfu Tang , Hong Ji , Bo Lin , Yingjie Wang , Qinghua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the speed limitation of conventional external gear pumps (CEGPs) caused by inadequate oil suction efficiency, a novel external gear pump (NEGP) based on the parallel distribution principle of tooth root and tooth tip is proposed. By integrating oil suction pressurization technology, the operational speed range of the NEGP is significantly extended. Through experimental evaluation of CEGP's oil suction performance under various operating conditions and structural defect analysis, the NEGP design was developed and validated. A comprehensive flow field simulation model was established to systematically investigate the internal flow dynamics and identify key factors influencing suction efficiency. Furthermore, a dedicated pressurization centrifugal pump was designed, and integrated system tests along with full-scale flow field simulations were conducted to elucidate system matching characteristics and the underlying mechanisms of efficiency enhancement. Results demonstrate that at 3000 rpm, the oil suction efficiency of the NEGP is 12.1 percentage points higher than that of the CEGP. The suction performance of the NEGP is highly dependent on both inlet pressure and rotational speed. At low speeds, the suction contributions from the tooth root and tooth tip are comparable. However, at high speeds, suction at the tooth tip becomes dominant. With the assistance of the pressurization centrifugal pump, the stable operating speed of the NEGP is extended to 4000 rpm. The primary mechanism for improved efficiency is attributed to enhanced oil suction capability at the tooth root region due to elevated inlet pressure. NEGP exhibits lower power consumption and higher energy utilization efficiency than CEGP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103211
Shijian Zhang , Haoyu Huang , Qiang Wu , Xubing Liu , Long Qin , Zunping Yang , Ling Feng
Automatic control valves are critical for natural gas transmission, yet their maintenance often relies on traditional, inefficient methods lacking early fault diagnosis. This study addresses this gap by proposing an integrated electrical and vibration analysis framework for electric ball valves. We combine motor current and Modbus communication signals to diagnose electrical issues, and propose an innovative adaptive variational mode decomposition and adaptive minimum entropy deconvolution (AVMD–AMED) scheme for vibration-based mechanical fault identification. A key innovation is a four-level performance grading scheme that translates diagnostic results into actionable maintenance decisions—from monitoring to immediate repair. Field applications demonstrate the method's effectiveness in detecting early-stage faults, providing a robust, practical tool for condition-based maintenance with significant engineering value.
{"title":"Early fault diagnosis and performance grading of electric ball valves in gas pipelines: Experimental study and field validation","authors":"Shijian Zhang , Haoyu Huang , Qiang Wu , Xubing Liu , Long Qin , Zunping Yang , Ling Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Automatic control valves are critical for natural gas transmission, yet their maintenance often relies on traditional, inefficient methods lacking early fault diagnosis. This study addresses this gap by proposing an integrated electrical and vibration analysis framework for electric ball valves. We combine motor current and Modbus communication signals to diagnose electrical issues, and propose an innovative adaptive variational mode decomposition and adaptive minimum entropy deconvolution (AVMD–AMED) scheme for vibration-based mechanical fault identification. A key innovation is a four-level performance grading scheme that translates diagnostic results into actionable maintenance decisions—from monitoring to immediate repair. Field applications demonstrate the method's effectiveness in detecting early-stage faults, providing a robust, practical tool for condition-based maintenance with significant engineering value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steam turbine control valves operate in high-temperature, high-pressure steam environments. Under low-pressure ratios and small opening, the internal flow is prone to instability, leading to severe pressure pulsations, structural vibrations, and high noise levels, which threaten equipment safety and personnel health. This paper uses numerical simulation methods to study the evolution of flow field structures under different valve openings and pressure ratios, revealing the complex unsteady flow phenomena and flow transition mechanisms within valves. Research indicates that changes in valve geometric dimensions and inlet thermal parameters (pressure, temperature) have a negligible effect on the critical separation pressure ratio. In order to effectively predict the operating condition of valves and avoid unfavorable flow conditions, the concept of “Corrected mass flow” was introduced. Drawing on the characterization method of turbine flow characteristics, a corrected mass flow calculation model and actual flow prediction equation suitable for valves were established. Validation against the sample database showed that the average relative error between the predicted and the actual mass flow was 2.49 %, which has high engineering application value and provides a theoretical basis for the safe, stable, and low-noise operation of valves.
{"title":"Prediction method for control valve operating conditions based on corrected mass flow","authors":"Fujian Huang , Yuejin Dai , Zhangying Hou , Diangui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steam turbine control valves operate in high-temperature, high-pressure steam environments. Under low-pressure ratios and small opening, the internal flow is prone to instability, leading to severe pressure pulsations, structural vibrations, and high noise levels, which threaten equipment safety and personnel health. This paper uses numerical simulation methods to study the evolution of flow field structures under different valve openings and pressure ratios, revealing the complex unsteady flow phenomena and flow transition mechanisms within valves. Research indicates that changes in valve geometric dimensions and inlet thermal parameters (pressure, temperature) have a negligible effect on the critical separation pressure ratio. In order to effectively predict the operating condition of valves and avoid unfavorable flow conditions, the concept of “Corrected mass flow” was introduced. Drawing on the characterization method of turbine flow characteristics, a corrected mass flow calculation model and actual flow prediction equation suitable for valves were established. Validation against the sample database showed that the average relative error between the predicted and the actual mass flow was 2.49 %, which has high engineering application value and provides a theoretical basis for the safe, stable, and low-noise operation of valves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dynamic characteristics of high-speed switching valves (HSV) are significantly influenced by their driving parameters. Complex interactions among them often hinder further performance enhancement. To improve the dynamic response while maintaining optimization efficiency, this study takes into account both the opening and closing lag times of the HSV and the computational cost of the optimization process. A co-simulation model was established to systematically analyze the influence of multiple parameters on the dynamic characteristics and to conduct parameter optimization. First, a co-simulation model integrating the electromagnetic field and circuit was built using Maxwell and Simplorer to investigate the effects of coil turns, driving voltage, and accelerating capacitance on the valve's dynamic characteristics. Second, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to design a multi-factor experiment, revealing the effects of parameter combinations on the opening and closing lag times and analyzing the interactions among the factors. Finally, objective functions were established and solved to minimize the opening and closing lag times, thereby obtaining the optimal parameter combination. The results demonstrate that with the optimal combination of 1006 coil turns, a 48 V driving voltage, and a 148 μF accelerating capacitance, the opening lag time is reduced by 64.7 % and the closing lag time by 62.9 %. This method significantly improves dynamic performance while effectively reducing computational costs, offering valuable insights for engineering practice.
{"title":"Research on optimization of dynamic characteristics of high-speed switching valves","authors":"Minjian Zhu , Zuzhi Tian , Rongrui Fan , Yangyang Guo , Fangwei Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic characteristics of high-speed switching valves (HSV) are significantly influenced by their driving parameters. Complex interactions among them often hinder further performance enhancement. To improve the dynamic response while maintaining optimization efficiency, this study takes into account both the opening and closing lag times of the HSV and the computational cost of the optimization process. A co-simulation model was established to systematically analyze the influence of multiple parameters on the dynamic characteristics and to conduct parameter optimization. First, a co-simulation model integrating the electromagnetic field and circuit was built using <em>Maxwell</em> and <em>Simplorer</em> to investigate the effects of coil turns, driving voltage, and accelerating capacitance on the valve's dynamic characteristics. Second, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to design a multi-factor experiment, revealing the effects of parameter combinations on the opening and closing lag times and analyzing the interactions among the factors. Finally, objective functions were established and solved to minimize the opening and closing lag times, thereby obtaining the optimal parameter combination. The results demonstrate that with the optimal combination of 1006 coil turns, a 48 V driving voltage, and a 148 μF accelerating capacitance, the opening lag time is reduced by 64.7 % and the closing lag time by 62.9 %. This method significantly improves dynamic performance while effectively reducing computational costs, offering valuable insights for engineering practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103217
Jianqiang Meng, Hongjun Zhang, Guozhan Li
The effects of peripheral hole number, compactness ratio, orifice thickness, and equivalent diameter ratio on the performance of multi-hole orifices (MHOs) were investigated through large eddy simulation to develop a systematic geometric design methodology. Numerical results show that the number of peripheral holes significantly influences the discharge coefficient, with optimal performance achieved at ten holes. Additionally, the compactness ratio was found to have an optimal range between 0.66 and 0.7. An appropriate increase in orifice thickness was shown to enhance the discharge coefficient while simultaneously reducing the pressure loss coefficient. Moreover, the relationship between the pressure loss coefficient and the equivalent diameter ratio was described by a power function, whereas the ratio of pressure loss to differential pressure exhibited a quadratic polynomial dependence on the equivalent diameter ratio. Ultimately, a comprehensive geometric design methodology for MHOs was established, with experimental calibration demonstrating a maximum indication error of only 0.29 %, thereby confirming that the accuracy of MHOs designed using this approach meets the 0.5 accuracy class standard. Generally, present study provides a simple and practical geometric design methodology for the MHOs, whose performance meet the requirements of the engineering applications.
{"title":"Numerical and experimental studies on the geometrical design methodology for multi-holed orifice flowmeters","authors":"Jianqiang Meng, Hongjun Zhang, Guozhan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of peripheral hole number, compactness ratio, orifice thickness, and equivalent diameter ratio on the performance of multi-hole orifices (MHOs) were investigated through large eddy simulation to develop a systematic geometric design methodology. Numerical results show that the number of peripheral holes significantly influences the discharge coefficient, with optimal performance achieved at ten holes. Additionally, the compactness ratio was found to have an optimal range between 0.66 and 0.7. An appropriate increase in orifice thickness was shown to enhance the discharge coefficient while simultaneously reducing the pressure loss coefficient. Moreover, the relationship between the pressure loss coefficient and the equivalent diameter ratio was described by a power function, whereas the ratio of pressure loss to differential pressure exhibited a quadratic polynomial dependence on the equivalent diameter ratio. Ultimately, a comprehensive geometric design methodology for MHOs was established, with experimental calibration demonstrating a maximum indication error of only 0.29 %, thereby confirming that the accuracy of MHOs designed using this approach meets the 0.5 accuracy class standard. Generally, present study provides a simple and practical geometric design methodology for the MHOs, whose performance meet the requirements of the engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103214
Ning Zhang , Quanjin Wu , Delin Li , Hui Liu , Bo Gao
Rotating stall is an important factor affecting the stability and safety of centrifugal pumps. This is especially important for the high-speed centrifugal pump used in aero-engines, because it has high requirements for the safe and stable operation of the system. In this paper, we conducted an analysis of pressure pulsations in a high-speed centrifugal pump utilizing coherence analysis. Additionally, the unsteady evolution of the rotating stall structure within the impeller was investigated at various time instants through numerical simulations. Results show that the pressure pulsations of high-speed centrifugal pump show broadband characteristics in the low frequency range under the rotating stall condition. Coherence analysis demonstrates that the basic stall frequency of 0.1fn at both 0.2 ΦN and 0.6 ΦN occur in the pressure spectrum. Numerical simulation results confirm these findings by capturing the stall frequency 0.1fn at 0.2 ΦN through the analysis of the stall cell's life cycle. Finally, it can be inferred that, for this high-speed centrifugal pump, the same basic stall frequency is generated under different stall conditions.
{"title":"Experimental investigation on unsteady pressure pulsations within a high-speed aeroengine centrifugal pump","authors":"Ning Zhang , Quanjin Wu , Delin Li , Hui Liu , Bo Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rotating stall is an important factor affecting the stability and safety of centrifugal pumps. This is especially important for the high-speed centrifugal pump used in aero-engines, because it has high requirements for the safe and stable operation of the system. In this paper, we conducted an analysis of pressure pulsations in a high-speed centrifugal pump utilizing coherence analysis. Additionally, the unsteady evolution of the rotating stall structure within the impeller was investigated at various time instants through numerical simulations. Results show that the pressure pulsations of high-speed centrifugal pump show broadband characteristics in the low frequency range under the rotating stall condition. Coherence analysis demonstrates that the basic stall frequency of 0.1f<sub>n</sub> at both 0.2 Φ<sub>N</sub> and 0.6 Φ<sub>N</sub> occur in the pressure spectrum. Numerical simulation results confirm these findings by capturing the stall frequency 0.1f<sub>n</sub> at 0.2 Φ<sub>N</sub> through the analysis of the stall cell's life cycle. Finally, it can be inferred that, for this high-speed centrifugal pump, the same basic stall frequency is generated under different stall conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flow conditioners play a crucial role in fluid transportation and precision measurement systems by reducing flow disturbances and stabilizing velocity profiles. This study proposes a modular composite flow conditioner with a hierarchically structured and functionally adjustable design to achieve multi-stage flow regulation. Methane gas is selected as the working fluid throughout the experimental and numerical investigations. Four configurations with front-end expansion diameters of 200 mm, 210 mm, 220 mm, and 230 mm were investigated to evaluate their effects on the downstream flow field and ultrasonic flowmeter accuracy. The repeatability of the proposed design was experimentally verified using a standard flow calibration system, while CFD simulations were employed to analyze downstream pressure, vortex, and velocity distributions. Results indicate that the conditioner effectively mitigates asymmetric and radial flows caused by small-opening control valves. Quantitative evaluation shows that the 220 mm expansion configuration provides the best flow symmetry, velocity uniformity, and minimal flow-rate error. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization was performed using the NSGA-II algorithm coupled with the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, with orifice diameter, number of orifices, and expansion diameter as decision variables. The optimized configuration achieves a balance between low pressure loss, small flow deviation, and high flow stability, offering a practical reference for precision flow measurement applications.
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization and validation of a composite flow conditioner for ultrasonic flowmeter accuracy improvement","authors":"Desheng Chen , Junfeng Cheng , Yuanming Ding , Zhe Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flow conditioners play a crucial role in fluid transportation and precision measurement systems by reducing flow disturbances and stabilizing velocity profiles. This study proposes a modular composite flow conditioner with a hierarchically structured and functionally adjustable design to achieve multi-stage flow regulation. Methane gas is selected as the working fluid throughout the experimental and numerical investigations. Four configurations with front-end expansion diameters of 200 mm, 210 mm, 220 mm, and 230 mm were investigated to evaluate their effects on the downstream flow field and ultrasonic flowmeter accuracy. The repeatability of the proposed design was experimentally verified using a standard flow calibration system, while CFD simulations were employed to analyze downstream pressure, vortex, and velocity distributions. Results indicate that the conditioner effectively mitigates asymmetric and radial flows caused by small-opening control valves. Quantitative evaluation shows that the 220 mm expansion configuration provides the best flow symmetry, velocity uniformity, and minimal flow-rate error. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization was performed using the NSGA-II algorithm coupled with the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method, with orifice diameter, number of orifices, and expansion diameter as decision variables. The optimized configuration achieves a balance between low pressure loss, small flow deviation, and high flow stability, offering a practical reference for precision flow measurement applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103212
Qinyang Li , Jian Chen , Xucheng Lin , Chengyi Yi , Yahui Hu
Enhancing the hydraulic efficiency of centrifugal pumps and reducing energy losses are essential for sustainable energy utilization. This study develops a bionic design strategy inspired by shark-skin microstructures to regulate near-wall flow and minimize entropy generation in centrifugal pumps. A thermodynamic–vortical design framework, combining entropy generation theory and the Q-criterion, is established to explore how microscale surface textures influence macroscopic vortex dynamics and energy dissipation. After the microstructured blades are scaled according to similarity theory, the wall entropy generation rate (WEGR) of the impeller accounts for only 33 %–40 % of the total entropy production, and under medium to high flow conditions (Q/Qd ≥ 1.0), the impeller's turbulent entropy generation rate (TEGR) decreases by about 5 %. At the same time, the volute also exhibits a consistent reduction in entropy generation due to a more stabilized outlet flow. These results demonstrate that the bionic microstructure effectively suppresses high-entropy regions and stabilizes the overall flow field. This work provides a new design pathway for centrifugal pumps by integrating biomimetic microstructures with flow-regulation mechanisms that reshape the distribution of entropy generation.
{"title":"Entropy-based analysis of near-wall flow and energy dissipation mechanisms in a centrifugal pump with biomimetic microstructured blades","authors":"Qinyang Li , Jian Chen , Xucheng Lin , Chengyi Yi , Yahui Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing the hydraulic efficiency of centrifugal pumps and reducing energy losses are essential for sustainable energy utilization. This study develops a bionic design strategy inspired by shark-skin microstructures to regulate near-wall flow and minimize entropy generation in centrifugal pumps. A thermodynamic–vortical design framework, combining entropy generation theory and the <em>Q</em>-criterion, is established to explore how microscale surface textures influence macroscopic vortex dynamics and energy dissipation. After the microstructured blades are scaled according to similarity theory, the wall entropy generation rate (WEGR) of the impeller accounts for only 33 %–40 % of the total entropy production, and under medium to high flow conditions (<em>Q</em>/<em>Q</em><sub><em>d</em></sub> ≥ 1.0), the impeller's turbulent entropy generation rate (TEGR) decreases by about 5 %. At the same time, the volute also exhibits a consistent reduction in entropy generation due to a more stabilized outlet flow. These results demonstrate that the bionic microstructure effectively suppresses high-entropy regions and stabilizes the overall flow field. This work provides a new design pathway for centrifugal pumps by integrating biomimetic microstructures with flow-regulation mechanisms that reshape the distribution of entropy generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 103212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103213
Lintao Wang , Xinkai Ding , Meng Gao , Libo Wu , Xin Liu , Ruichuan Li
Aiming at engineering challenges such as unclear mechanisms of valve internal leakage failures and insufficient detection accuracy of single sensors, this study proposes a valve internal leakage diagnosis method based on numerical simulation and multi-sensor information fusion. First, through large eddy simulation and flow noise theory, the influence patterns of leakage gap and pressure difference on the characteristics of the leakage flow field and acoustic field were systematically clarified, establishing a quantitative mapping relationship between leakage parameters and acoustic features. On this basis, an intelligent diagnostic model integrating dual-channel acoustic emission signals and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network was constructed, with the variational mode decomposition algorithm employed to optimize signal quality. Experiments demonstrate that this model achieves high prediction accuracy in leakage fault identification, showing significant improvement over single-sensor methods. This approach provides a reliable technical means for industrial valve condition monitoring and early fault warning, with clear prospects for engineering application.
{"title":"Failure analysis and signal processing models for internal leakage in valves based on numerical simulation and multi-source information fusion","authors":"Lintao Wang , Xinkai Ding , Meng Gao , Libo Wu , Xin Liu , Ruichuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at engineering challenges such as unclear mechanisms of valve internal leakage failures and insufficient detection accuracy of single sensors, this study proposes a valve internal leakage diagnosis method based on numerical simulation and multi-sensor information fusion. First, through large eddy simulation and flow noise theory, the influence patterns of leakage gap and pressure difference on the characteristics of the leakage flow field and acoustic field were systematically clarified, establishing a quantitative mapping relationship between leakage parameters and acoustic features. On this basis, an intelligent diagnostic model integrating dual-channel acoustic emission signals and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network was constructed, with the variational mode decomposition algorithm employed to optimize signal quality. Experiments demonstrate that this model achieves high prediction accuracy in leakage fault identification, showing significant improvement over single-sensor methods. This approach provides a reliable technical means for industrial valve condition monitoring and early fault warning, with clear prospects for engineering application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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