Flow Measurement and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Error-enhanced aadaptive disturbance rejection control for high-frequency response pilot-operated electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve","authors":"Yanchao Li ,&nbsp;Ruichuan Li ,&nbsp;Junru Yang ,&nbsp;Jiangcheng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-frequency response pilot-operated electro-hydraulic proportional directional valve (HFRPPV) is a hydraulic component with high response speed and high precision, which is widely used in construction machinery, agricultural machinery equipment and large-scale power platforms. Given the nonlinearity, uncertainty, and susceptibility to interference inherent in HFRPPV, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) strategy exhibits excellent control performance. To address the problems of traditional ADRC, including poor compensation effect, large system errors caused by mismatch, and the contradiction between dynamic performance and steady-state error, this paper designs a disturbance estimation dynamic integral module and proposes an error-enhanced adaptive disturbance rejection control (EEADRC) strategy. First, the working principle of HFRPPV is analyzed. Then, the mathematical models and simulation models of both HFRPPV and the EEADRC are established. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of ADRC and EEADRC is conducted in terms of control precision and anti-interference ability, and experiments are carried out to verify the accuracy and reliability of the simulation models. The results show that during continuous step changes, the displacement errors of EEADRC were reduced by 1.40 %, 0.34 % and 0.6 % respectively, and the relative displacement error decreased by 78 %, 50.75 % and 42.86 % respectively. Following the application of identical external disturbances, EEADRC is more anti-interference than ADRC. Moreover, when the external disturbance is removed, EEADRC can restore the main spool displacement to its pre-disturbance position, demonstrating stronger anti-interference and adaptive capabilities. Both simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Since this control strategy does not rely on the mathematical model of the controlled object, it is universally applicable to various controlled objects. The control strategy proposed in this paper effectively solves the inherent defects of traditional ADRC and holds significant theoretical innovation and application value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The established differential pressure model for binary fire extinguishing agent enables accurate concentration measurement","authors":"Rui Chen,&nbsp;Song Lu,&nbsp;Hui Shi,&nbsp;Qiyong Zhou,&nbsp;Heping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate concentration detection technology for binary blend fire extinguishing agents is critical for advancing halon replacement and evaluating the performance of binary fire suppression systems, but the concentration measurement of binary fire extinguishing agents remains unknown. Based on the differential pressure principle, this study established a general theoretical expression for the differential pressure model of binary fire extinguishing agents. The calculated differential pressure values derived from this expression were basically consistent with the theoretical values. To validate the model's accuracy, concentration measurement experiments were conducted at various volume ratios. These experiments demonstrated strong agreement between the normalized experimental and theoretical values. Furthermore, partial correlation analysis revealed that the volume ratio exerted a greater influence on the correction coefficient between the theoretical and experimental models than the concentration. To assess practical applicability, discharge test was performed. Consequently, this study proposed a concentration measurement model for binary fire extinguishing agents based on the differential pressure principle, achieving precise concentration measurement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural optimization study of portable triangular central baffle flume based on backpropagation neural network and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II","authors":"Fuyou Wang ,&nbsp;Hongfei Tao ,&nbsp;Xingchen Guo ,&nbsp;Yumin Yang ,&nbsp;Mahemujiang Aihemaiti ,&nbsp;Qiao Li ,&nbsp;Youwei Jiang ,&nbsp;Peng Jin ,&nbsp;Junbo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate measurement of water discharge in open channels is essential for advancing water-saving agriculture. Investigating the hydraulic performance of flow measurement devices and optimising their structure can significantly enhance water resource utilisation efficiency in irrigation districts. The portable triangular central baffle flume (TCBF), characterized by its simple design and ease of promotion is a practical solution for open-channel flow measurement. However, the optimal structural parameters for its operation and the significance order of factors influencing its hydraulic performance remain underexplored. This study selected head loss, backwater height, and upstream Froude number as evaluation criteria. A comprehensive physical experiment was conducted with six flow rates (0.031–0.093 m³/s), four guide wall entrance angles (45°–90°), and three shrinkage ratios (0.375–0.625). The experimental data were analysed using range and variance analyses. Prediction models for head loss, backwater height, and upstream Froude number were developed using both Buckingham's π-theorem of quantitative analysis and backpropagation (BP) neural network methods. The optimal structural parameters for TCBF were determined by integrating the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) with the technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. The results reveal that the significance order of factors affecting head loss, backwater height, and upstream Froude number is consistent: shrinkage ratio &gt; flow rate &gt; guide wall entrance angle. Compared to Buckingham's π-theorem of quantitative analysis, the BP neural network-based prediction models demonstrated superior performance for the three evaluation criteria, with higher coefficient of determination (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em>), lower root mean square error (<em>RMSE</em>), and reduced mean relative error (<em>MRE</em>). Within the experimental scope, the optimal structural parameters for TCBF were identified as a shrinkage ratio of 0.55 and a guide wall entrance angle of 60°. These findings provide valuable insights for predicting flowmeter performance and optimising its structure, contributing significantly to the advancement of water-saving agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the runner water film hydraulic instability and structural crack on the Pelton turbine runner","authors":"Hong Hua ,&nbsp;Chenzhuo Ning ,&nbsp;Lihao Li ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Lu ,&nbsp;Tingyi Shen ,&nbsp;Xiaobing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pelton turbines are widely recognized as a primary form of high-head hydraulic machinery crucial for sustainable energy production. This research aims to investigate the influence of water film characteristics on the hydraulic performance and structural integrity of Pelton turbines through numerical simulation. The accuracy of the numerical simulation method was initially validated through experimental verification. Subsequently, the flow pattern of the water film during bucket rotation was examined, and the effects of parameters such as coverage area and thickness of the water film on bucket torque were analyzed. Meanwhile, the relationship between the shape of the water film, the velocity of the jet and the direction of the flow in the bucket and the pressure pulsation of the key nodes on the surface of the bucket was established. Ultimately, the results of unsteady flow were loaded onto the solid surface of the runner to explore the water film and solid interaction through fluid-structure coupling, which is revealed that the most prone to crack and break part of the bucket is the top of the bucket, providing valuable basis for the design and maintenance of Pelton turbine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topology optimization-driven enhancement of mass transfer and mixing performance in microchannel reactors","authors":"Shiqi Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiashuo Tan ,&nbsp;Haodong Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Yuan ,&nbsp;Ting Zeng ,&nbsp;Tengfei Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient mixing is crucial for process intensification in microchannel reactors, yet it remains notoriously difficult to achieve under laminar flow conditions, where mixing relies solely on slow molecular diffusion. While passive micromixers offer a practical solution, their empirical designs are fundamentally limited by predefined geometries. To overcome this limitation, we present a topology optimization-based framework that automatically generates optimal flow paths by coupling the Navier-Stokes and advection-diffusion equations. The optimization objective was to maximize the mixing quality factor (MQ) under a specified pressure drop constraint (ΔP). The resulting native 3D topology-optimized mixer achieves a near-perfect mixing quality of 99.824 % at ΔP = 30 Pa—a performance nearly five times greater than a conventional baffle-type mixer (17 % MQ). Furthermore, the 3D-reconstructed model from 2D optimization yields a four-fold improvement (68.251 % MQ), demonstrating a computationally efficient pathway to significant performance gains. This work establishes a novel collaborative 2D/3D design strategy that moves beyond trial-and-error paradigms, providing a systematic foundation for the design of next-generation micromixers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on wind pressure control on low-rise building roofs using plasma actuation","authors":"Li Jianan ,&nbsp;Li Zhengnong ,&nbsp;Cai Qiurui ,&nbsp;Zou Zhengtao ,&nbsp;Li Shujin","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a novel method to control wind pressure on the partial roof of low-rise buildings using plasma actuators, aiming to improve the building's wind resistance. A wind tunnel experiment was conducted on a low-rise building model subjected to three different wind fields in the atmospheric boundary layer, as defined in the Load Code for the Design of Building Structures (GB50009-2012). The mean local wind-pressure coefficient at the measurement points served as the analysis parameter. The results show that negative pressures on the roof's front edge, under three levels of turbulence intensity, were significantly higher than those on other parts of the roof. Subsequently, tailwind and headwind plasma actuations were applied to the roof's front edge. The effects of these methods on wind pressure were analyzed, and a comparison was made of the wind pressure distribution before and after the actuation. The findings reveal that both plasma actuation methods can alter wind pressure on the roof under varying turbulence intensities. Specifically, tailwind plasma actuation reduces negative pressure on the front edge, with the reduction increasing as turbulence intensity rises. In contrast, headwind plasma actuation increases negative pressure, but the effect diminishes with increasing turbulence intensity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data reduction methods in blade cascade experiment","authors":"Terezie Kreuzová ,&nbsp;David Šimurda ,&nbsp;Erik Flídr ,&nbsp;Pavel Šafařík ,&nbsp;Martin Luxa","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data reduction methods typically used in turbomachinery linear blade cascades experiment are reviewed, analyzed, and tested from the point of view of conservativity and entropy production. The testing is performed on two types of data, channel flow data – used to allow study of simple flows without interaction of several flow phenomena – and blade cascades data. Among the datasets are those obtained experimentally but also numerically. The datasets are chosen to cover a wide range of operating regimes of blade cascades, compressor and turbine, subsonic and transonic. Results show that mean flow angles obtained by different reduction methods can differ by up to one degree. Entropy flux – directly connected to loss coefficients – is conserved only by Strictly conservative method. Momentum reduction method can increase it by tens of percent when applied to flows with large gradients, while Mass weighted averaging never increases the entropy flux, but can significantly decrease it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of solid-liquid two-phase flow velocity in horizontal pipelines via ensemble learning","authors":"Lili Pang ,&nbsp;Hanchuan Dong ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Kong ,&nbsp;Pan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianhua Feng ,&nbsp;Lide Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate estimation of the cross-sectional average velocity in liquid-solid two-phase flows is critical for understanding and managing multiphase transport processes. However, the complex behavior of suspensions, particularly when particle characteristics are unknown, makes accurate velocity estimation highly challenging. To overcome this limitation, this study presents a novel approach that integrates multi-frequency ultrasonic backscatter measurements with an ensemble learning framework. Unlike conventional Doppler techniques, the proposed method considers both particle-fluid interactions and varying hydraulic conditions, enabling accurate velocity prediction under partially filled regimes. A dimensionless ensemble learning model based on the Stokes number was developed, incorporating particle size, concentration, and flow parameters to improve the accuracy of cross-sectional mean liquid velocity estimation. Experimental validation and comparison with existing data verify that the proposed Gradient Boosting Tree model achieves a mean absolute percentage error below 5.21 %, with 98 % of predictions falling within a relative uncertainty of ±20 %. These results highlight that integrating multi-frequency ultrasonic backscatter technology with ensemble learning constitutes a novel and robust approach for the precise prediction of horizontal liquid-solid two-phase flow velocities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refinement of field-measured velocity profiles via CFD comparison: A case study on single-phase flow in aeration tanks","authors":"Damla Yilmaz Çelik ,&nbsp;Babak Vaheddoost ,&nbsp;Egemen Aras ,&nbsp;Rahim Şibil","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accuracy of field measurements obtained from aeration tanks is of critically important for the validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. In many cases, the employed validation metrics serve as a fundamental keystone for evaluating both the credibility of experimental data and the accuracy of numerical simulations. In this study, a novel data refinement approach is developed to assess the physical plausibility of velocity measurements collected from a full-scale aeration tank. Unlike conventional validation approaches, the CFD model is utilized as a reference framework within a reverse-approach perspective to evaluate the reliability of field data. Measurement points affected by acoustic noise, surface sludge interference, and turbulence near static structures were identified and excluded through curve-fitting and statistical filtering techniques. Velocity data obtained with the help of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) across six lateral and 53 vertical layers were evaluated using the Coefficient of Determination (R²), Relative Error (RE), and Performance Index (PI) metrics. The maximum-elimination combined with polynomial fitting notably enhanced the model accuracy, reducing RE from −123 % to 20 %, increasing R² from 0.054 to 0.96, and improving PI from 2.6 to 1.16. As a result, the refined dataset provided a more consistent and realistic representation of the flow structure and established a robust observational basis for the future calibration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of hydraulic characteristics of submerged gate discharge based on hybrid artificial intelligence models","authors":"Dingye Cao ,&nbsp;Guodong Li ,&nbsp;Shanshan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2025.103155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the expansion of water conservancy projects and the complexity of water resources scheduling problems, calculating submerged flow has become increasingly critical and challenging, and improving its computational efficiency and accuracy has become a key problem. This study analyzes the hydraulic characteristics of sluice gate submerged flow based on a long-distance water transmission project. Random Forest (RF) and its optimization algorithm Firefly Algorithm-optimized Random Forest (FA-RF) were used to build an intelligent prediction model, with performance evaluated through index and uncertainty analysis. The Sobol sensitivity analysis method is used to quantify the hydraulic parameters affecting submerged flow, identifying core parameters influencing the submerged discharge coefficient <em>C</em>_<em>d</em>. The results show that for the submerged flow, the greater downstream water depth causes stronger upstream flow disturbance. In the testing phase, the indicators of the FA-RF model are better than RF, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE) are reduced by 20.9 % and 24.3 %, respectively, indicating that the firefly algorithm optimizes the performance of the RF algorithm. The upstream Froude number <em>Fr</em> and the ratio of downstream water depth to gate opening <em>y</em>_<em>3</em><em>/e</em> were identified as core parameters affecting <em>C</em>_<em>d</em>. <em>C</em>_<em>d</em> increases with <em>Fr</em> and decreases with <em>y</em>_<em>3</em><em>/e</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 103155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}