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Ensemble machine learning-based virtual multiphase flow metering in high gas/oil ratio and water-cut reservoirs 高气/油比和水切割储层中基于集合机器学习的虚拟多相流计量技术
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102737
Wael A. Farag, Wael Hosny Fouad Aly
By combining data-driven ensemble machine-learning algorithms and historical oil field portable test reports, this paper proposes a Data-Drive Multiphase Virtual Flow Meter (DD-MVFM) that estimates oil, gas, and water flow rates, provides real-time monitoring, and predicts future production for a 6-month period with appropriate accuracy. The proposed DD-MVFM utilizes the existing hardware used for measurements of basic variables such as temperature, and pressure at different locations at the well-head structure. The DD-MVFM can be employed in three ways. The first way is to be used as a verification tool for multiphase physical flow meters (MPFMs), making sure they are working properly and increasing confidence in the collected readings. The second way is to use the DD-MVFM as a redundant tool when the MPFMs are not available or going through maintenance. The third way, which is the main objective of our research, is to employ the proposed DD-MVFM as a stand-alone for the complete replacement of current and future MPFM installments. This, significantly lowers the operating cost, reducing the required portable field tests, and saving the need to build a major infrastructure for the set-up of MPFMs for new oil wells. Consequently, this contributes to the ambitious goal of reducing CO2 emissions. The DD-MVFM's development involves the fusion of data wrangling and machine learning algorithms for optimal performance. Initial testing indicates an 85 % correlation with the actual production rates, with potential for further improvement as more field test data is incorporated, making it a pioneering solution in the field of oil and gas management.
通过将数据驱动的集合机器学习算法与历史油田便携式测试报告相结合,本文提出了一种数据驱动多相虚拟流量计(DD-MVFM),可估算石油、天然气和水的流速,提供实时监控,并以适当的精度预测未来 6 个月的产量。拟议的 DD-MVFM 利用现有硬件测量井口结构不同位置的温度和压力等基本变量。DD-MVFM 可通过三种方式使用。第一种方式是用作多相物理流量计(MPFM)的验证工具,确保其正常工作,并增强对所收集读数的信心。第二种方式是在多相物理流量计无法使用或需要维护时,将 DD-MVFM 用作冗余工具。第三种方法,也是我们研究的主要目标,是将提议的 DD-MVFM 作为独立工具,用于完全替换当前和未来的 MPFM 装置。这大大降低了运行成本,减少了所需的便携式现场测试,并省去了为新油井安装 MPFM 而建设大型基础设施的需要。因此,这有助于实现减少二氧化碳排放的宏伟目标。DD-MVFM 的开发涉及数据处理和机器学习算法的融合,以实现最佳性能。初步测试表明,DD-MVFM 与实际生产率的相关性达到 85%,随着更多现场测试数据的加入,其性能还有可能进一步提高。
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引用次数: 0
Character region extraction of wheel water meter based on object detection 基于物体检测的轮式水表特征区域提取
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102733
Guanhua Zhu , Qianhui Zhao , Zeyu Zhang , Quansi Huang , Ming Cheng
Currently, research on automatic meter reading mainly focuses on meter reading recognition, while neglecting the fundamental role of counter detection in the entire automatic meter reading system. In fact, only by accurately locating the counter area can the influence of dial factors be completely eliminated, thus ensuring the accuracy and reliability of subsequent water meter reading recognition. In view of this phenomenon, the focus of this study is on the counter detection stage. Firstly, a target detection-based image skew correction method is proposed to solve the problem of image skew caused by shooting angle and other reasons. This method ensures the accuracy of subsequent counter area positioning and the neatness of cutting effect. Secondly, a semi-supervised target detection training method is proposed to solve the problem of time and manpower costs required in large-scale data situations. In addition, we have made publicly available a dataset containing 1070 water meter images for non-commercial purposes, which can be obtained from the Github1. Finally, we evaluated our model on three completely different datasets and compared it with the best positioning results of other models. The experimental results show that compared with other models, the proposed model in this paper has improved the positioning accuracy by 5.82%, 5.96%, and 9.20% on three datasets respectively. Furthermore, in the final visualization comparison, the model accurately identifies the counter region even when faced with complex real-world environments.
目前,有关自动抄表的研究主要集中在抄表识别方面,而忽视了计数器检测在整个自动抄表系统中的基础性作用。事实上,只有准确定位计数器区域,才能彻底消除表盘因素的影响,从而保证后续水表读数识别的准确性和可靠性。针对这一现象,本研究的重点在于计数器检测阶段。首先,提出了一种基于目标检测的图像偏斜校正方法,以解决由于拍摄角度等原因造成的图像偏斜问题。该方法确保了后续计数器区域定位的准确性和切割效果的整齐性。其次,我们提出了一种半监督目标检测训练方法,以解决大规模数据情况下所需的时间和人力成本问题。此外,我们还公开了一个包含 1070 张水表图像的数据集,用于非商业目的,该数据集可从 Github 上获取1。最后,我们在三个完全不同的数据集上评估了我们的模型,并将其与其他模型的最佳定位结果进行了比较。实验结果表明,与其他模型相比,本文提出的模型在三个数据集上的定位精度分别提高了 5.82%、5.96% 和 9.20%。此外,在最终的可视化对比中,即使面对复杂的现实世界环境,该模型也能准确识别计数器区域。
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引用次数: 0
The proposal and calculation method of the annular domain weight function for the electromagnetic flowmeter under annular conductivity distribution 环形电导率分布下电磁流量计环形域权重函数的提出与计算方法
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102738
Yang Yang , Biaohu Yang , Chao Zhang , Bin Yang
Researching on the characteristic of weight function distribution under non-uniform conductivity distribution is of significant importance for expanding the engineering applications of electromagnetic flowmeter. In this paper, the characteristic of weight function distribution is firstly explored for annular conductivity distribution where the center and outer ring are both conductive. The research results indicate an important finding that the average value of the weight function within any small annular domain of the center or outer ring remains constant as the radial position changes. Therefore, the concept of ‘annular domain weight function’ is then innovatively proposed. Furthermore, the relationship is studied between the ratio of the annular domain weight function of the center and outer ring and the annular feature parameters. Ultimately, the correlations are obtained for calculating the annular domain weight functions of the center and outer ring.
研究非均匀传导性分布下的砝码函数分布特性对于拓展电磁流量计的工程应用具有重要意义。本文首先探讨了中心环和外环均导电的环形电导率分布下的砝码函数分布特性。研究结果表明了一个重要发现,即随着径向位置的变化,中心环或外环的任何小环域内的权重函数平均值保持不变。因此,创新性地提出了 "环域权重函数 "的概念。此外,还研究了中心环和外环的环域权重函数比值与环形特征参数之间的关系。最终,获得了计算中心环和外环的环域权重函数的相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Research on ultra-clean micro gas flow calibration technology of passive piston type with sealing 带密封的被动活塞式超洁净微气流校准技术研究
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102735
Hongming Yang, Ya Xu, Tong Liu, Tiejun Liu, Zhenwei Huang, Dailiang Xie
Aiming at the portable measurement and calibration needs of ultra-clean micro gas flow meters in the semiconductor industry, this paper designs an ultra-clean micro gas flow standard device based on passive piston type with sealing. The device adopts a horizontal structure, using the O-ring on the piston for radial sealing, unlike the traditional mercury and gap sealing, this design avoids the stringent requirements for piston speed and clearance. To increase automation of the calibration process, an automatic calibration system is built. Mathematical modeling and 6DOF dynamic mesh analysis are used to ensure that the piston operates at a stable stage. Through the uncertainty analysis, the extended uncertainty of the device reaches 0.21 % (k = 2). The uncertainty was verified by normalizing the deviation En and the results show that it is feasible to trace the clean gas flow rate with the piston standard device.
针对半导体行业超洁净微气体流量计的便携式测量和标定需求,本文设计了一种基于无源活塞式带密封的超洁净微气体流量标准装置。该装置采用水平结构,利用活塞上的 O 形圈进行径向密封,与传统的水银密封和间隙密封不同,这种设计避免了对活塞速度和间隙的严格要求。为提高校准过程的自动化程度,建立了自动校准系统。通过数学建模和 6DOF 动态网格分析,确保活塞在稳定阶段运行。通过不确定性分析,设备的扩展不确定性达到 0.21 %(k = 2)。通过对偏差 En 进行归一化,对不确定度进行了验证,结果表明利用活塞标准装置跟踪洁净气体流量是可行的。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental study of solid-liquid two-phase flow field in a centrifugal pump volute under multiple working conditions 多种工况下离心泵涡壳内固液两相流场的实验研究
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102739
Wei Pu , Leilei Ji , Wei Li , Weidong Shi , Yang Yang , Haoming Li , Xing Zhang
In order to study the variation law of the solid-liquid two-phase flow field in the volute of centrifugal pump and the distribution law of the solid particles in the volute, based on PIV technology, the dynamic and static interference flow field of the volute under different flow conditions (30 m3/h, 40 m3/h, 50 m3/h, 60 m3/h, 70 m3/h) and different solid phase volume fractions (1 %, 1.5 %, 2 %) is studied. It is found that with the increase of the solid phase volume fraction, the head and efficiency of the centrifugal pump gradually decrease, and the addition of the solid phase has little effect on the pump head when the solid phase volume fraction is small under the condition of the large flow. The high turbulent kinetic energy area in the volute is mainly concentrated near the outer wall of the volute and the area where the tongue is located. Under the same solid phase volume fraction, the turbulent kinetic energy in the volute increases with the increase of the flow rate. The turbulent kinetic energy in the volute decreases with the increase of the solid phase volume fraction. The absolute velocity component of the flow field in the volute is significantly affected by the flow condition.
为了研究离心泵涡壳内固液两相流场的变化规律以及固体颗粒在涡壳内的分布规律,基于PIV技术,研究了不同流动条件(30 m3/h、40 m3/h、50 m3/h、60 m3/h、70 m3/h)和不同固相体积分数(1%、1.5%、2%)下涡壳的动静干涉流场。研究发现,随着固相体积分数的增加,离心泵的扬程和效率逐渐降低,在大流量条件下,固相体积分数较小时,固相的加入对泵扬程的影响很小。蜗壳中的高湍动能区主要集中在蜗壳外壁附近和蜗舌所在区域。在固相体积分数相同的情况下,涡流中的湍动能随着流速的增加而增加。涡流中的湍流动能随着固相体积分数的增加而减小。涡流中流场的绝对速度分量受流动条件的影响很大。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing discharge prediction over Type-A piano key weirs: An innovative machine learning approach 加强 A 型钢琴键围堰的泄流预测:创新的机器学习方法
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102732
Weiming Tian , Haytham F. Isleem , Abdelrahman Kamal Hamed , Mohamed Kamel Elshaarawy
Piano key weirs (PKWs) are an increasingly popular hydraulic structure due to their higher discharge capacity than linear weirs. Accurately predicting the discharge of PKWs is essential for appropriate design and operation. This study utilized eight Machine Learning algorithms, including non-ensemble and ensemble models to predict the discharge of type-A PKWs. Multiple-Linear-Regression (MLR), Support-Vector-Machine (SVM), Gene-Expression-Programming (GEP), and Artificial-Neural-Network (ANN) were adopted as non-ensemble models. While the ensemble models comprised Random-Forest (RF), Adaptive-Boosting (AdaBoost), Extreme-Gradient-Boosting (XGBoost), and Categorical-Boosting (CatBoost). A total of 476 experimental datasets were collected from previous research considering three critical dimensionless input parameters: PKW key widths, PKW height, and total upstream head. The models were trained on 70 % of the dataset and tested on the remaining 30 %. The hyperparameters of the models were optimized using the Bayesian Optimization technique, with 5-fold cross-validation ensuring high performance. Comprehensive analyses, including visual and quantitative methods, were employed to validate model effectiveness. CatBoost model consistently outperformed the other models, achieving the highest Determination-coefficient (R2 = 0.998) and lowest Root-Mean-Squared-Error (RMSE = 0.002), highlighting its ability to handle complex data patterns and its superior optimization process. XGBoost follows closely behind, showing strong generalization, while ANN and RF perform well, but it's a slight increase in error metrics. The study also incorporated Shapley-Additive-exPlanations (SHAP) and Partial-Dependence-Plot (PDP) analyses, revealing that the total upstream head variable had the most significant impact on the discharge predictions. An interactive Graphical-User-Interface was developed to facilitate practical applications, enabling engineers to predict discharge quickly and economically.
琴键堰(PKW)因其比直线堰更大的泄洪能力而成为一种越来越受欢迎的水利结构。准确预测 PKW 的泄洪量对于适当的设计和运行至关重要。本研究采用了八种机器学习算法(包括非集合模型和集合模型)来预测 A 型 PKW 的泄洪量。非集合模型采用了多元线性回归(MLR)、支持向量机(SVM)、基因表达编程(GEP)和人工神经网络(ANN)。而集合模型包括随机森林(RF)、自适应提升(AdaBoost)、极度梯度提升(XGBoost)和分类提升(CatBoost)。考虑到三个关键的无量纲输入参数,从以前的研究中总共收集了 476 个实验数据集:PKW 键宽、PKW 高度和上游总水头。模型在 70% 的数据集上进行了训练,并在其余 30% 的数据集上进行了测试。使用贝叶斯优化技术对模型的超参数进行了优化,并进行了 5 次交叉验证,确保了模型的高性能。为了验证模型的有效性,我们采用了包括视觉和定量方法在内的综合分析。CatBoost 模型的性能始终优于其他模型,获得了最高的确定系数(R2 = 0.998)和最低的均方根误差(RMSE = 0.002),突出了其处理复杂数据模式的能力和卓越的优化过程。XGBoost 紧随其后,显示出很强的泛化能力,而 ANN 和 RF 表现不俗,但误差指标略有增加。研究还纳入了 Shapley-Additive-exPlanations (SHAP) 和 Partial-Dependence-Plot (PDP) 分析,发现上游总水头变量对排水量预测的影响最大。为方便实际应用,还开发了交互式图形用户界面,使工程师能够快速、经济地预测排水量。
{"title":"Enhancing discharge prediction over Type-A piano key weirs: An innovative machine learning approach","authors":"Weiming Tian ,&nbsp;Haytham F. Isleem ,&nbsp;Abdelrahman Kamal Hamed ,&nbsp;Mohamed Kamel Elshaarawy","doi":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piano key weirs (PKWs) are an increasingly popular hydraulic structure due to their higher discharge capacity than linear weirs. Accurately predicting the discharge of PKWs is essential for appropriate design and operation. This study utilized eight Machine Learning algorithms, including non-ensemble and ensemble models to predict the discharge of type-A PKWs. Multiple-Linear-Regression (MLR), Support-Vector-Machine (SVM), Gene-Expression-Programming (GEP), and Artificial-Neural-Network (ANN) were adopted as non-ensemble models. While the ensemble models comprised Random-Forest (RF), Adaptive-Boosting (AdaBoost), Extreme-Gradient-Boosting (XGBoost), and Categorical-Boosting (CatBoost). A total of 476 experimental datasets were collected from previous research considering three critical dimensionless input parameters: PKW key widths, PKW height, and total upstream head. The models were trained on 70 % of the dataset and tested on the remaining 30 %. The hyperparameters of the models were optimized using the Bayesian Optimization technique, with 5-fold cross-validation ensuring high performance. Comprehensive analyses, including visual and quantitative methods, were employed to validate model effectiveness. CatBoost model consistently outperformed the other models, achieving the highest Determination-coefficient (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.998) and lowest Root-Mean-Squared-Error (RMSE = 0.002), highlighting its ability to handle complex data patterns and its superior optimization process. XGBoost follows closely behind, showing strong generalization, while ANN and RF perform well, but it's a slight increase in error metrics. The study also incorporated Shapley-Additive-exPlanations (SHAP) and Partial-Dependence-Plot (PDP) analyses, revealing that the total upstream head variable had the most significant impact on the discharge predictions. An interactive Graphical-User-Interface was developed to facilitate practical applications, enabling engineers to predict discharge quickly and economically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50440,"journal":{"name":"Flow Measurement and Instrumentation","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 102732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing accuracy in X-ray radiation-based multiphase flow meters: Integration of grey wolf optimization and MLP neural networks 提高基于 X 射线辐射的多相流量计的精度:灰狼优化与 MLP 神经网络的整合
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102734
Abdulilah Mohammad Mayet , Evgeniya Ilyinichna Gorelkina , Muneer Parayangat , John William Grimaldo Guerrero , M. Ramkumar Raja , Mohammed Abdul Muqeet , Salman Arafath Mohammed
This research investigates the development of an advanced predictive model aimed at accurately determining the volumetric percentages of water, oil, and gas within oil pipeline systems. Utilizing an innovative approach that incorporates an X-ray source alongside two sodium iodide detectors, the study leverages the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulation code to model the behavior of three-phase fluids under varied conditions. The model meticulously simulates various volumetric configurations of water, oil, and gas, resulting in a comprehensive dataset that provides key spectral information. The initial phase involved the extraction of ten temporal and frequency-related features from each detector, culminating in a pool of twenty features. The analytical process then applied the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm to select the most indicative features for predictive modeling. Out of the initial set, seven features—short-time energy, frequency deviation, relative spectral density, spectral margin, main peak position, spectral coefficient, and frequency intensity—were identified as critical for enhancing model accuracy. These features were subsequently fed into a meticulously structured multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network. This network, designed with two hidden layers containing 20 and 10 neurons, respectively, demonstrated exceptional capability, achieving a root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 0.06 in the prediction of oil and gas volumetric percentages. The study emphasizes the significant impact of integrating refined feature selection techniques and robust neural network architectures on the precision and reliability of volumetric predictions in multiphase flow systems within oil pipelines. This approach not only enhances predictive accuracy but also contributes to more efficient resource management and operational planning in the oil and gas industry.
这项研究旨在开发一种先进的预测模型,以准确确定石油管道系统中水、油和气的体积百分比。研究采用了一种创新方法,将 X 射线源与两个碘化钠探测器结合在一起,利用蒙特卡罗 N 粒子(MCNP)模拟代码来模拟三相流体在不同条件下的行为。该模型细致地模拟了水、石油和天然气的各种体积配置,从而产生了一个提供关键光谱信息的综合数据集。初始阶段需要从每个探测器中提取十个与时间和频率相关的特征,最终形成一个由二十个特征组成的特征库。然后,分析过程采用灰狼优化(GWO)算法,为预测建模选择最具指示性的特征。在最初的特征集中,七个特征--短时能量、频率偏差、相对频谱密度、频谱余量、主峰位置、频谱系数和频率强度--被确定为提高模型准确性的关键特征。这些特征随后被输入到一个结构严谨的多层感知器(MLP)神经网络中。该网络设计了两个分别包含 20 个和 10 个神经元的隐藏层,在预测石油和天然气体积百分比方面表现出卓越的能力,均方根误差 (RMSE) 小于 0.06。这项研究强调了集成精细特征选择技术和稳健神经网络架构对石油管道内多相流系统体积预测精度和可靠性的重要影响。这种方法不仅能提高预测精度,还有助于提高石油天然气行业资源管理和运营规划的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Three-phase flow measurement by dual-energy gamma ray technique and static-equivalent multi-phase flow simulator 利用双能伽马射线技术和静态等效多相流模拟器测量三相流
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102736
Mohsen Sharifzadeh, Mojtaba Askari
There is a strong desire to use three-phase flowmeters in upstream operations because of their small size, portability, and cost-effectiveness. Traditional three-phase flowmeterstypically employ two main strategies: fully separating the flow into liquid and gas streams and measuring them using common two- and single-phase meters, or simplifying the direct measurement requirements by homogenization.
In order to achieve accurate measurements with these meters, it is necessary to first create a suitable simulator for generating various multiphase flow regimes with minimal systematic error. Developing such a simulator on a laboratory scale, rather than using expensive test loops is a crucial and practical option.
In this research, SEMPF as a Static-Equivalent Multi-Phase Flow with flexibility in creating different multi-phase flow regimes is introduced. In the following, the mechanism of action is validated for both homogenous two- and three-phase mixtures by using dual-energy gamma ray attenuation technique in the Monte Carlo simulator environment. Finally, the three-phase component fraction measurement accuracy by dual-energy gamma meter in three different modes of gasoil-, water-, and air-continuous mixtures were investigated. The experimental results show the maximum accuracy of 2.03 %, 7.23 %, and 5.09 % for gasoil phase measurement in three different conditions that the carrier phase is air, gasoil and water respectively.
由于三相流量计体积小、便于携带、成本效益高,因此在上游作业中使用三相流量计的愿望十分强烈。传统的三相流量计通常采用两种主要策略:将流量完全分离为液流和气流,然后使用常见的两相和单相流量计进行测量,或者通过均质化简化直接测量要求。为了实现这些流量计的精确测量,有必要首先创建一个合适的模拟器,以最小的系统误差生成各种多相流状态。在这项研究中,介绍了 SEMPF 作为一种静态等效多相流,可灵活生成不同的多相流状态。接下来,在蒙特卡洛模拟器环境中使用双能量伽马射线衰减技术,对均质两相和三相混合物的作用机制进行了验证。最后,研究了双能伽马测量仪在三种不同模式的气油、水和空气连续混合物中的三相组分测量精度。实验结果表明,在载相分别为空气、气油和水的三种不同条件下,气油相测量的最高精度分别为 2.03 %、7.23 % 和 5.09 %。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of flow angle from measurements of vortex shedding frequency downstream of a triangular bluff model using a single-sensor hot-wire probe 利用单传感器热线探头测量三角崖模型下游的涡流脱落频率确定流角
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102731
Ehsan Ardekani, Foad Farhani, Mohammad Ali Ardekani
Experimental aerodynamic studies often require precise measurements of flow angles. However, the conventional multi-hole probe is unsuitable for measuring small flow angles or for use under low-velocity conditions. To overcome these limitations, a new method has been proposed based on measuring the frequency of vortex shedding downstream of a non-polar symmetric body. This technique utilizes a single-sensor hot-wire probe to measure the frequency of the vortex shedding from an equilateral triangular model at different flow angles (α) by rotating the model using a rotating mechanism. Subsequently, the Strouhal number (St) is determined for each flow angle from the measured vortex shedding frequencies. An empirical correlation is then obtained between the Strouhal number and the flow angle of the form α=f1(St), considering the condition where the Strouhal number is solely a function of the flow angle. The range of flow angles for which the proposed method is applicable, along with acceptable repeatability of the vortex shedding frequency and suitable Strouhal number sensitivity to the variations in the flow angle, was determined. An empirical correlation α=4153.4St21819.9St+189.51 was established, which can be used to determine flow angles in the range of ±10° with an accuracy of 1°. For this purpose, the triangular model is fixed at an angle of 33° to the principal coordinates. The probe is positioned downstream of the model in the defined range: 3x/a<25, 4.5y/a5.1, where a is the side of the equilateral triangular model, and x and y are probe distances in the flow and perpendicular to the flow direction.
空气动力学实验研究通常需要精确测量流动角。然而,传统的多孔探头不适合测量小的流角,也不适合在低速条件下使用。为了克服这些限制,我们提出了一种基于测量非极性对称体下游涡流脱落频率的新方法。该技术利用单传感器热线探头,通过旋转机构旋转等边三角形模型,测量模型在不同流角 (α) 下的涡流脱落频率。随后,根据测量到的涡流脱落频率确定每个流动角度下的斯特劳哈尔数 (St)。考虑到斯特劳哈尔数仅是流角函数的情况,斯特劳哈尔数与流角之间的经验相关性为 α=f-1(St)。确定了建议方法适用的流角范围,以及可接受的涡流脱落频率重复性和合适的斯特劳哈尔数对流角变化的敏感性。建立了经验相关性 α=-4153.4St2-1819.9St+189.51,可用来确定 ±10° 范围内的流动角,精度为 1°。为此,三角形模型与主坐标固定成 33°角。探头位于确定范围内模型的下游:3≤x/a<25,4.5≤y/a≤5.1,其中 a 是等边三角形模型的边长,x 和 y 是探头在水流中与水流方向垂直的距离。
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引用次数: 0
A binary gas concentration and flow rate measurement system based on scandium-doped aluminum nitride piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers 基于掺钪氮化铝压电微机械超声换能器的二元气体浓度和流速测量系统
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2024.102724
Hanzhe Liu , Yuzhe Lin , Guoqiang Wu , Jifang Tao
This paper presents an ultrasonic binary gas concentration and flow rate measurement system (UBCFS) based on a scandium-doped aluminum nitride (Sc0.2Al0.8N) piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) array, enabling the simultaneous measurement of binary gas concentration and flow rate. The ultrasonic propagation time method is employed to determine binary gas concentration and flow rate. To assess the feasibility of the proposed UBCFS, it is integrated into an experimental setup composed of nitrogen (N2) and argon (Ar) gas paths. Results indicate that the reported UBCFS measures both gas concentration and flow rate with high accuracy and repeatability. For binary gas flow rate measurements, the mean error and repeatability error are below 0.403% and 0.667%, respectively, across all binary gas concentrations. Within the concentration range of 0% to 100%, the minimum mean error and repeatability error for concentration measurements are 0.03% and 0.04%, respectively, which is almost unaffected by gas flow rate. The performance of the proposed UBCFS based on PMUT arrays surpasses that of most reported or commercialized devices. The compact, cost-effective, and highly reliable UBCFS provides a feasible solution for portable equipment utilized in binary gas detection and control in semiconductor processing.
本文介绍了一种基于掺钪氮化铝(Sc0.2Al0.8N)压电微机械超声换能器(PMUT)阵列的超声波二元气体浓度和流速测量系统(UBCFS),可同时测量二元气体浓度和流速。采用超声波传播时间法测定二元气体浓度和流速。为了评估所提出的 UBCFS 的可行性,将其集成到了一个由氮气(N2)和氩气(Ar)气路组成的实验装置中。结果表明,所报告的 UBCFS 测量气体浓度和流速的准确性和可重复性都很高。在二元气体流速测量中,所有二元气体浓度的平均误差和重复性误差分别低于 0.403% 和 0.667%。在 0% 至 100% 的浓度范围内,浓度测量的最小平均误差和重复性误差分别为 0.03% 和 0.04%,几乎不受气体流速的影响。基于 PMUT 阵列的 UBCFS 性能超过了大多数已报道或商业化的设备。UBCFS 结构紧凑、成本低廉、可靠性高,为半导体加工过程中二元气体检测和控制所使用的便携式设备提供了可行的解决方案。
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Flow Measurement and Instrumentation
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