Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.2174/0126667975319992240612053235
Chainee Das, V. S. Mattaparthi
The novel coronavirus disease also known as COVID-19 was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its effect can still be seen in some parts of the world due to the lack of effective antiviral drugs and vaccines for treatment and controlling the pandemic. Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), also known as the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a vital role during its replication process of the pathogen’s lifecycle and is therefore considered a potential drug target for COVID-19. Hence, targeting the Mpro is an appealing approach for drug development because of its significant role in viral replication and transcription and therefore can act as an attractive drug target to combat COVID-19 as confirmed by researchers through numerous studies so far. Although small molecules dominate the field of drug market so far, peptide inhibitors still represent a class of promising candidates because of their similarity to endogenous ligands, high affinity, and low toxicity. It has been validated that therapeutic peptides can effectively and selectively inhibit the proteinprotein interactions in viruses. Hence, it is necessary to design potential peptide inhibitors in order to inhibit the impact of the disease. To design peptide inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease using computational methods This study involves the development of potential target peptides that can act against the Mpro in a competitive mode against histone deacetylase (HDAC2) which had a high-confidence interaction with Mpro. Based on the interaction between Mpro and HDAC2, 13 peptides were designed out of which based on toxicity, binding affinity and binding site prediction, two peptides (peptide2 and peptide4) were screened and subjected to MD simulation. Our study shows that the two peptides bind to the active site of the Mpro and it attains a higher stability upon binding to the peptides. We also found out that the Mpro has a strong binding affinity with both the peptides (GBTOT = -72.85 kcal/mol for Mpro-peptide2 complex and GBTOT = - 46.36 kcal/mol for the Mpro-peptide4 complex). Even though declaring those peptides as future potent drug candidates would require more analysis and trials, our analysis will surely add value to the future findings and these findings could aid in the development of novel SARS-CoV-2 Mpro peptide inhibitors. These findings could aid in the development of novel SARS-CoV-2 Mpro peptide inhibitors.
{"title":"Computational Design of Peptide Inhibitors Targeting the SARS-CoV-2\u0000Main Protease","authors":"Chainee Das, V. S. Mattaparthi","doi":"10.2174/0126667975319992240612053235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975319992240612053235","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The novel coronavirus disease also known as COVID-19 was first detected\u0000in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00002 (SARS-CoV-2) and its effect can still be seen in some parts of the world due to the lack of\u0000effective antiviral drugs and vaccines for treatment and controlling the pandemic. Chymotrypsin-like\u0000protease (3CLpro), also known as the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 plays a vital role during\u0000its replication process of the pathogen’s lifecycle and is therefore considered a potential drug target\u0000for COVID-19. Hence, targeting the Mpro is an appealing approach for drug development because of\u0000its significant role in viral replication and transcription and therefore can act as an attractive drug\u0000target to combat COVID-19 as confirmed by researchers through numerous studies so far. Although\u0000small molecules dominate the field of drug market so far, peptide inhibitors still represent a class of\u0000promising candidates because of their similarity to endogenous ligands, high affinity, and low toxicity.\u0000It has been validated that therapeutic peptides can effectively and selectively inhibit the proteinprotein\u0000interactions in viruses. Hence, it is necessary to design potential peptide inhibitors in order to\u0000inhibit the impact of the disease.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To design peptide inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease using computational\u0000methods\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study involves the development of potential target peptides that can act against the\u0000Mpro in a competitive mode against histone deacetylase (HDAC2) which had a high-confidence\u0000interaction with Mpro. Based on the interaction between Mpro and HDAC2, 13 peptides were designed\u0000out of which based on toxicity, binding affinity and binding site prediction, two peptides\u0000(peptide2 and peptide4) were screened and subjected to MD simulation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our study shows that the two peptides bind to the active site of the Mpro and it attains a\u0000higher stability upon binding to the peptides. We also found out that the Mpro has a strong binding\u0000affinity with both the peptides (GBTOT = -72.85 kcal/mol for Mpro-peptide2 complex and GBTOT = -\u000046.36 kcal/mol for the Mpro-peptide4 complex).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Even though declaring those peptides as future potent drug candidates would require\u0000more analysis and trials, our analysis will surely add value to the future findings and these findings\u0000could aid in the development of novel SARS-CoV-2 Mpro peptide inhibitors. These findings could\u0000aid in the development of novel SARS-CoV-2 Mpro peptide inhibitors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"50 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the orthopox virus, and its signs and symptoms are similar to those of smallpox in humans. As public health organizations try to end the present epidemic, healthcare professionals across the globe place a high premium on their education on the many clinical symptoms and possible treatments for this virus. For those who are affected, there is currently no cure. However, due to the smallpox outbreak, specialists are now looking at vaccinia immune globulin (IVG), tecovirimat, and cidofovir as potential remedies for Mpox. In severe cases, tecovirimat and supportive care may be used with drugs to aid with symptom alleviation. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that the EMA acknowledged tecovirimat as a secure and reliable therapy for Mpox in 2023. The effectiveness of these therapies is fiercely contested since there are clear guidelines for decreasing these symptoms. Moreover, by examining elements such as the quantity of confirmed, probable, and possible cases, the median age at presentation, the fatality rate, and the geographic distribution of the disease, we hoped to understand the epidemiology of Mpox better as it was changing throughout this study. In light of recent widespread outbreaks, this page provides an updated analysis of Mpox and the medical remedies that are now accessible.
{"title":"A Review on Mpox: Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatments","authors":"Himanshu Sharma, Siddhant Jai Tyagi, Prakhar Varshney, Neha Pathak, Rashmi Pathak","doi":"10.2174/0126667975301557240604113752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975301557240604113752","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the orthopox virus, and its signs and symptoms are\u0000similar to those of smallpox in humans. As public health organizations try to end the present epidemic,\u0000healthcare professionals across the globe place a high premium on their education on the many\u0000clinical symptoms and possible treatments for this virus. For those who are affected, there is currently\u0000no cure. However, due to the smallpox outbreak, specialists are now looking at vaccinia immune\u0000globulin (IVG), tecovirimat, and cidofovir as potential remedies for Mpox. In severe cases, tecovirimat\u0000and supportive care may be used with drugs to aid with symptom alleviation. The World Health\u0000Organization (WHO) reports that the EMA acknowledged tecovirimat as a secure and reliable therapy\u0000for Mpox in 2023. The effectiveness of these therapies is fiercely contested since there are clear\u0000guidelines for decreasing these symptoms. Moreover, by examining elements such as the quantity of\u0000confirmed, probable, and possible cases, the median age at presentation, the fatality rate, and the\u0000geographic distribution of the disease, we hoped to understand the epidemiology of Mpox better as it\u0000was changing throughout this study. In light of recent widespread outbreaks, this page provides an\u0000updated analysis of Mpox and the medical remedies that are now accessible.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"40 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.2174/0126667975303261240605043658
Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi, Fatemeh Khajeh Akhtaran, Faezeh Abbaspour, E. Mehraeen, O. Dadras
To shed light on the potential trajectories in the global mortality rate, the central question posed is the trajectory of global death rates in the years to comeThis study was an effort to predict the trend of the global mortality rate following the COVID-19 pandemic until 2032 and, based on it, an attempt to contemplate potential solutions available for decision-making and planning. We employed a time series model to predict future mortality rates based on global mortality rate data. Although several forecasting methods exist for time series data, this study utilized the Autoregressive method. This approach facilitatedregression and prediction based on past mortality numbers. To predict mortality rates from 2023 to 2032, we applied an autoregressive model on mortality rate data spanning 1980 to 2022. The predicted global mortality rate in the next 10 years (post-pandemic era) appeared to be higher than the 10 years before COVID-19 (pre-pandemic era). This projection indicates that despite a declining trend in mortality rates since 2023, the mortality rate from 2023 to 2032 exceeds that of the pre-COVID-19 years. We predict that the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, although transitioning out of a crisis state, will result in an approximate increase in the global mortality rate over the next 10 years. Our results indicate a noteworthy increase in the global mortality rate following the emergence of COVID-19. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the mortality rates will remain high in the future. Further research is necessary to attain more accurate insights into this matter.
{"title":"Changes in the Global Mortality Rate Over Time in Association with the COVID-19 Pandemic Until 2032","authors":"Seyedahmad Seyedalinaghi, Fatemeh Khajeh Akhtaran, Faezeh Abbaspour, E. Mehraeen, O. Dadras","doi":"10.2174/0126667975303261240605043658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975303261240605043658","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000To shed light on the potential trajectories in the global mortality rate, the\u0000central question posed is the trajectory of global death rates in the years to comeThis study was an\u0000effort to predict the trend of the global mortality rate following the COVID-19 pandemic until 2032\u0000and, based on it, an attempt to contemplate potential solutions available for decision-making and\u0000planning.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We employed a time series model to predict future mortality rates based on global mortality\u0000rate data. Although several forecasting methods exist for time series data, this study utilized the\u0000Autoregressive method. This approach facilitatedregression and prediction based on past mortality\u0000numbers. To predict mortality rates from 2023 to 2032, we applied an autoregressive model on mortality\u0000rate data spanning 1980 to 2022.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The predicted global mortality rate in the next 10 years (post-pandemic era) appeared to be\u0000higher than the 10 years before COVID-19 (pre-pandemic era). This projection indicates that despite\u0000a declining trend in mortality rates since 2023, the mortality rate from 2023 to 2032 exceeds that of\u0000the pre-COVID-19 years. We predict that the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak, although transitioning\u0000out of a crisis state, will result in an approximate increase in the global mortality rate over the next\u000010 years.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our results indicate a noteworthy increase in the global mortality rate following the\u0000emergence of COVID-19. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the mortality rates will remain high\u0000in the future. Further research is necessary to attain more accurate insights into this matter.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"59 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141346834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.2174/0126667975314752240610042452
S. Malekshahi, N. Shafiei-Jandaghi, Marziyeh Faraji-Zonouz, Negar Mirsalehi, Fatemeh Saadatmand, Elham Zanjani, Saeedeh Mahfoozi, Sevrin Zadheidar, Shirin Kalantari, S. Arshi, J. Yavarian
The overcrowding conditions provide a favorable environment for viral transmission and increase the risk of respiratory infections among pilgrims. Hence, acute respiratory infections (ATIs) that can be transmitted through aerosols, droplets, and close contacts are a major public health concern during mass gathering (MG) events like Hajj. In this study, we reported the prevalence of different respiratory viruses in returning pilgrims at Tehran airport in August 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional study, throat and nasal swab samples from pilgrims with respiratory signs and symptoms were taken. The samples were sent to the National Influenza Center for influenza detection. We tested the samples for detection of influenza (IFV), SARS-CoV2, HCoV-229E, NL63, HKU1, OC43, human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), adenovirus (AdV), and human rhinovirus (HRV). Real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect all RNA viruses except HRV, and nested PCR was performed to detect AdV and HRV. Of returning pilgrims on arrival at Tehran airport, 10 (38.5%) were positive for at least one respiratory virus as follows: 2(7.7%) AdV, 3(11.5%) IFVA, which included 1 A/H1N1, 1 A/H3N2, and 1 A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 coinfection, 2 (7.7%) HCoV-229E, 2(7.7%) SARS-CoV2, 1(3.9%) HCoV-OC43, and 1(3.9%) HRV. No HRSV was detected. It is worth noting that the SARS-CoV2- positive sample was co-infected with IFVA/H3N2. This report showed that respiratory viruses remain a possible public health concern for pilgrims during Hajj seasons. We showed the circulation of some respiratory viruses among a small number of pilgrims during the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Spectrum of Respiratory Viruses Among Returning Iranian Pilgrims with Respiratory Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A 2022 Study","authors":"S. Malekshahi, N. Shafiei-Jandaghi, Marziyeh Faraji-Zonouz, Negar Mirsalehi, Fatemeh Saadatmand, Elham Zanjani, Saeedeh Mahfoozi, Sevrin Zadheidar, Shirin Kalantari, S. Arshi, J. Yavarian","doi":"10.2174/0126667975314752240610042452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975314752240610042452","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The overcrowding conditions provide a favorable environment for viral\u0000transmission and increase the risk of respiratory infections among pilgrims. Hence, acute respiratory\u0000infections (ATIs) that can be transmitted through aerosols, droplets, and close contacts are a major\u0000public health concern during mass gathering (MG) events like Hajj.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, we reported the prevalence of different respiratory viruses in returning pilgrims\u0000at Tehran airport in August 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this cross-sectional study, throat and nasal swab samples from pilgrims with respiratory\u0000signs and symptoms were taken. The samples were sent to the National Influenza Center for influenza\u0000detection. We tested the samples for detection of influenza (IFV), SARS-CoV2, HCoV-229E,\u0000NL63, HKU1, OC43, human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), adenovirus (AdV), and human\u0000rhinovirus (HRV). Real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect all RNA viruses except HRV, and\u0000nested PCR was performed to detect AdV and HRV.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Of returning pilgrims on arrival at Tehran airport, 10 (38.5%) were positive for at least one\u0000respiratory virus as follows: 2(7.7%) AdV, 3(11.5%) IFVA, which included 1 A/H1N1, 1 A/H3N2,\u0000and 1 A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 coinfection, 2 (7.7%) HCoV-229E, 2(7.7%) SARS-CoV2, 1(3.9%)\u0000HCoV-OC43, and 1(3.9%) HRV. No HRSV was detected. It is worth noting that the SARS-CoV2-\u0000positive sample was co-infected with IFVA/H3N2.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This report showed that respiratory viruses remain a possible public health concern for\u0000pilgrims during Hajj seasons. We showed the circulation of some respiratory viruses among a small\u0000number of pilgrims during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"112 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141352457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.2174/0126667975309811240530114325
Vishal Singha, Suvendu Ghosh, P. Singha, Sutapa Datta, D. Ghosh
Adaptation and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology for the development of drugs against the deadly and continuously mutating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been extremely beneficial, cost-effective, and time saving for the scientific community. A systematic review is necessary for complete picturization of the overall AI assistance in developing drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. A systematic analysis and review of the research literature available on the application of AI in the development of drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 from various online platforms has been performed, and relevant full papers have been selected on certain selection criteria and have been used for this review. Utilization of AI tools has enabled the selection, modification, evaluation, and prediction of the effectiveness of drug formulations against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a very rapid and efficient manner. Vaccine development against the deadly SARS-CoV-2 virus has also been aided and benefited immensely by using AI tools and techniques. Thousands of studies regarding the development of effective drugs and vaccines against the constantly evolving, mutating, and prevailing SARS-CoV-2 virus have been conducted, and several thousands are still being conducted around the world. AI is a powerful tool, and its application has been highly beneficial in developing effective drugs and vaccines against the deadly SARS-CoV-2 in a cost-effective and time-effective frame. This systematic review briefs the findings and achievements till the date of writing this article in the field of AI-assisted drug and vaccine development against COVID-19.
{"title":"A Systematic Review on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Assisted Drug & Vaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Vishal Singha, Suvendu Ghosh, P. Singha, Sutapa Datta, D. Ghosh","doi":"10.2174/0126667975309811240530114325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975309811240530114325","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Adaptation and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology for the\u0000development of drugs against the deadly and continuously mutating Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome\u0000Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been extremely beneficial, cost-effective, and time\u0000saving for the scientific community. A systematic review is necessary for complete picturization of\u0000the overall AI assistance in developing drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A systematic analysis and review of the research literature available on the\u0000application of AI in the development of drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 from various\u0000online platforms has been performed, and relevant full papers have been selected on certain selection\u0000criteria and have been used for this review.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Utilization of AI tools has enabled the selection, modification, evaluation, and prediction of\u0000the effectiveness of drug formulations against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a very rapid and\u0000efficient manner. Vaccine development against the deadly SARS-CoV-2 virus has also been aided\u0000and benefited immensely by using AI tools and techniques.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Thousands of studies regarding the development of effective drugs and vaccines against\u0000the constantly evolving, mutating, and prevailing SARS-CoV-2 virus have been conducted, and several\u0000thousands are still being conducted around the world.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000AI is a powerful tool, and its application has been highly beneficial in developing effective\u0000drugs and vaccines against the deadly SARS-CoV-2 in a cost-effective and time-effective frame.\u0000This systematic review briefs the findings and achievements till the date of writing this article in the\u0000field of AI-assisted drug and vaccine development against COVID-19.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":" 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.2174/0126667975303874240531102404
Luzia Soares Dias, N. Alencar, Felipe Pantoja Mesquita, Daiane Maria da Silva Brito, R. C. Montenegro, Márcio Viana Ramos, Pedro Filho Noronha Souza
Two independent sets of medical records, comprising 441 and 100 patients (50 smokers and 50 non-smokers), respectively, clinically diagnosed with COVID-19, suggested reduced death among smokers. Medical records from patients were examined to record the biochemical parameters available and to perform comparisons between smokers and non-smokers. Bioinformatics was used to predict epitopes of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMV-CP) to produce antibodies to SARSCoV- 2. Data recorded in 441 medical records indicated no deaths among smoking patients. Death was three times higher in non-smokers than smokers in the second group, comprising 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers. However, biochemical parameters were similar among the groups. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the presence of B-cell epitopes in TMV-CP, suggesting that the production of anti-TMV-CP antibodies in smokers could occur, who, although developing severe forms of COVID-19, had greater survival in the evaluated groups than did non-smokers. This prospective study suggested that smokers suffer severe effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection, associated with inadequate inflammatory reaction. On the other hand, the deaths of patients in the two groups examined correlated negatively with smokers. Bioinformatics analysis permitted the exploit an exciting hypothesis that anti-TMV-CP antibodies, potentially present in smokers, might act as an immune agent against SARS-CoV-2 at earlier stages of infection. Although these data are sketchy and should be taken carefully, due to the limited set of data, they are helpful for future studies to assess COVID-19 in smokers.
{"title":"Medical records data and in silico analysis provide new insights about COVID-19 in smokers","authors":"Luzia Soares Dias, N. Alencar, Felipe Pantoja Mesquita, Daiane Maria da Silva Brito, R. C. Montenegro, Márcio Viana Ramos, Pedro Filho Noronha Souza","doi":"10.2174/0126667975303874240531102404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975303874240531102404","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Two independent sets of medical records, comprising 441 and 100 patients\u0000(50 smokers and 50 non-smokers), respectively, clinically diagnosed with COVID-19, suggested\u0000reduced death among smokers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Medical records from patients were examined to record the biochemical parameters available\u0000and to perform comparisons between smokers and non-smokers. Bioinformatics was used to\u0000predict epitopes of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMV-CP) to produce antibodies to SARSCoV-\u00002.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Data recorded in 441 medical records indicated no deaths among smoking patients. Death\u0000was three times higher in non-smokers than smokers in the second group, comprising 50 smokers\u0000and 50 non-smokers. However, biochemical parameters were similar among the groups. Bioinformatics\u0000analysis predicted the presence of B-cell epitopes in TMV-CP, suggesting that the production\u0000of anti-TMV-CP antibodies in smokers could occur, who, although developing severe forms of\u0000COVID-19, had greater survival in the evaluated groups than did non-smokers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This prospective study suggested that smokers suffer severe effects of SARS-Cov-2\u0000infection, associated with inadequate inflammatory reaction. On the other hand, the deaths of patients\u0000in the two groups examined correlated negatively with smokers. Bioinformatics analysis permitted\u0000the exploit an exciting hypothesis that anti-TMV-CP antibodies, potentially present in smokers,\u0000might act as an immune agent against SARS-CoV-2 at earlier stages of infection. Although these\u0000data are sketchy and should be taken carefully, due to the limited set of data, they are helpful for\u0000future studies to assess COVID-19 in smokers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.2174/0126667975301189240402071941
Mahesh Chandra Bhatt, A. Upmanyu, Subhash Chand Bansal, Ayush Dogra
During the COVID-19 pandemic, high-resolution computed tomography chest examination was widely used to diagnose the coronavirus disease. Thus, radiation dose optimization is an essential requirement to decrease the risk of radiation hazards. This study aimed to estimate the radiation dose parameters of high-resolution computed tomography chest examination of COVID-19 patients using automatic tube current modulation technique and compare the values with various standard diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) available in the literature. It is a retrospective study conducted on 205 patients with COVID-19, including 144 males and 61 females with a median age of 49 years. All patients with clinical and positive laboratory findings were confirmed by an RT-PCR test. The data were collected from the Department of Radiodiagnosis Government Base Hospital Almora (Uttarakhand) from September 2020 to May 2021. All patients underwent high-resolution computed tomography chest examination with an automatic tube current modulation technique. Radiation dose parameters, such as Volume Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP), were extracted from the dose report, and Effective dose (ED) was calculated. The mean volume computed tomography dose index, dose length product, and effective dose were 4.36 mGy, 136.29 mGy.cm, and 1.8mSv respectively. Volume computed tomography dose index and dose length product values at the 75th percentile were well below the various DRLs, which confirmed the usefulness of the automatic tube current modulation technique in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest for dose optimization at 120 kV.
{"title":"Estimation of Radiation Dose Parameters of High-Resolution Computed\u0000Tomography Chest Examination for COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective\u0000Study","authors":"Mahesh Chandra Bhatt, A. Upmanyu, Subhash Chand Bansal, Ayush Dogra","doi":"10.2174/0126667975301189240402071941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975301189240402071941","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000During the COVID-19 pandemic, high-resolution computed tomography\u0000chest examination was widely used to diagnose the coronavirus disease. Thus, radiation dose optimization\u0000is an essential requirement to decrease the risk of radiation hazards.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed to estimate the radiation dose parameters of high-resolution computed\u0000tomography chest examination of COVID-19 patients using automatic tube current modulation technique\u0000and compare the values with various standard diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) available in\u0000the literature.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It is a retrospective study conducted on 205 patients with COVID-19, including\u0000144 males and 61 females with a median age of 49 years. All patients with clinical and positive\u0000laboratory findings were confirmed by an RT-PCR test. The data were collected from the Department\u0000of Radiodiagnosis Government Base Hospital Almora (Uttarakhand) from September 2020\u0000to May 2021. All patients underwent high-resolution computed tomography chest examination with\u0000an automatic tube current modulation technique. Radiation dose parameters, such as Volume Computed\u0000Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP), were extracted from the\u0000dose report, and Effective dose (ED) was calculated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean volume computed tomography dose index, dose length product, and effective\u0000dose were 4.36 mGy, 136.29 mGy.cm, and 1.8mSv respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Volume computed tomography dose index and dose length product values at the 75th\u0000percentile were well below the various DRLs, which confirmed the usefulness of the automatic tube\u0000current modulation technique in high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest for dose\u0000optimization at 120 kV.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.2174/0126667975294439240407154234
Pouyan Ebrahimi, Farnaz Fallah, Kimia Pakdaman, H. Shirafkan, Seyed Hassan Abedi
A recent pandemic caused by Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) caused mild and severe systemic organ involvement that led to the death of enormous numbers of people. The prevalence of the disease has declined over the past years, but concerns about upcoming mutations remain. In this study, the relationship between lactate levels and mortality at different times was investigated. In the present retrospective study, 228 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A modified National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) was used to determine the severity of the patients' conditions. Follow-up of patients, if discharged alive, has been done from hospitalization until March, 2022. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Lactate levels (2.88 ± 2.37 in the dead group versus 1.68 ± 1.33 in the living group) have a significant relationship with mortality at hospitalization (p < 0.001). Furthermore, higher lactate levels during hospitalization (p < 0.001, HR = 2.960, 95%CI =4.255-2.58) and follow-up (p < 0.001, HR = 2.960, 95%CI =4.255 to 2.58) increased the mortality risk ratio by more than two-fold. This study reported that initial lactate levels at admission predict COVID-19 patients' mortality at hospitalization and follow-up. However, further research is needed in this area
{"title":"Lactate is Associated with Long-Term Mortality in Hospitalized Patients\u0000with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Pouyan Ebrahimi, Farnaz Fallah, Kimia Pakdaman, H. Shirafkan, Seyed Hassan Abedi","doi":"10.2174/0126667975294439240407154234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975294439240407154234","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000A recent pandemic caused by Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) caused mild\u0000and severe systemic organ involvement that led to the death of enormous numbers of people. The\u0000prevalence of the disease has declined over the past years, but concerns about upcoming mutations\u0000remain. In this study, the relationship between lactate levels and mortality at different times was investigated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the present retrospective study, 228 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included\u0000according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A modified National Early Warning Score 2\u0000(NEWS2) was used to determine the severity of the patients' conditions. Follow-up of patients, if\u0000discharged alive, has been done from hospitalization until March, 2022. Data were analyzed using\u0000SPSS version 22, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Lactate levels (2.88 ± 2.37 in the dead group versus 1.68 ± 1.33 in the living group) have a\u0000significant relationship with mortality at hospitalization (p < 0.001). Furthermore, higher lactate levels during hospitalization (p < 0.001, HR = 2.960, 95%CI =4.255-2.58) and follow-up (p < 0.001, HR\u0000= 2.960, 95%CI =4.255 to 2.58) increased the mortality risk ratio by more than two-fold.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study reported that initial lactate levels at admission predict COVID-19 patients'\u0000mortality at hospitalization and follow-up. However, further research is needed in this area\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"36 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.2174/0126667975282054240328072229
Najmeh Davoodian, Farnoosh Sharifimood, D. Salarbashi, S. Elyasi, Farhang Soltani Bejestani, M. Najafzadeh, A. Baniasad
Melatonin has proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may address the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of melatonin in COVID-19. In this single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 96 adults hospitalized with mild to moderate COVID-19 were recruited. The participants were allocated into the melatonin and the placebo groups, randomly (1:1 ratio). The primary outcomes were a reduction in the length of hospital stay, the rate of ICU admissions, intubation/mechanical ventilation, and mortalities within 14 days of starting the treatment compared to the placebo group. After two weeks of follow-up, the blood oxygen saturation and the respiratory rate significantly improved in the melatonin group. C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, Ferritin, and D-dimer levels were significantly decreased in the melatonin group. Conversely, these markers were considerably increased in the placebo group. These serum marker levels also showed a significant difference in between- group comparison. The comparison of clinical endpoints between the two groups showed no significant difference. This clinical trial study indicated that the combination of oral melatonin tablets and standard treatment could substantially improve blood oxygen saturation and inflammatory factors in mild to moderate hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"Efficacy of Melatonin as an Adjunctive Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial","authors":"Najmeh Davoodian, Farnoosh Sharifimood, D. Salarbashi, S. Elyasi, Farhang Soltani Bejestani, M. Najafzadeh, A. Baniasad","doi":"10.2174/0126667975282054240328072229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975282054240328072229","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Melatonin has proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that\u0000may address the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, the current\u0000study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of melatonin in COVID-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 96 adults\u0000hospitalized with mild to moderate COVID-19 were recruited. The participants were allocated into\u0000the melatonin and the placebo groups, randomly (1:1 ratio).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The primary outcomes were a reduction in the length of hospital stay, the rate of ICU admissions,\u0000intubation/mechanical ventilation, and mortalities within 14 days of starting the treatment\u0000compared to the placebo group. After two weeks of follow-up, the blood oxygen saturation and the\u0000respiratory rate significantly improved in the melatonin group. C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation\u0000rate, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, Ferritin, and D-dimer levels were\u0000significantly decreased in the melatonin group. Conversely, these markers were considerably increased\u0000in the placebo group. These serum marker levels also showed a significant difference in between-\u0000group comparison. The comparison of clinical endpoints between the two groups showed no\u0000significant difference.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This clinical trial study indicated that the combination of oral melatonin tablets and\u0000standard treatment could substantially improve blood oxygen saturation and inflammatory factors in\u0000mild to moderate hospitalized COVID-19 patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.2174/0126667975284726240328044546
Tasbir Amin, Amana Hossain, Nusrat Jerin, Shahnewaj Bin Mannan, Noor Jahan Akter, Murad Hossain, Monir Uddin Ahmed, Jinath Sultana, Nayeema Bulbul, Ashrafus Safa, Md. Asaduzzaman, Md. Fakruddin
The aim of the study was to review the existing data on traditional medicine in reducing the symptoms of COVID-19 patients with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. We also investigated the adverse impact, patient outcome, source, and mode of action of traditional medicine. A brief comparison was made on adverse impacts and symptom alleviation of the commercially available drugs as well. We utilized PubMed, Scopus, WHO (GHL), and VHL in order to choose the eligible studies for the systematic review between July and August 2022. From a total of 12,263 studies, after a series of screening, 285 articles were identified in the final sample. The methodological evaluation was carried out accordingly. There is a growing literature on the usage of traditional medicine for COVID-19. The majority of the studies have shown positive outcomes even though they were not carried out at diverse locations around the world. We identified that the majority (17.4%) of the traditional medicine was derived from plants. The average time in the disappearance of the symptoms was 8.8 days, whereas the disappearance of symptoms using conventional drugs (Remdesevir, Ivermectin, Tocilizumab, Baricitinib, Famotidine, Ensitrelvir and Molnupiravir) was around 12 days. The mode of action of traditional medicine was mostly the reduction of viral load (50%). In terms of the severity of the patients, most of the patients (37.5%) had mild symptoms. We also found that no major adverse impact was reported on administering the traditional medicine among the patients. Further, the majority of the study was carried out in the Asian region, mostly in China. Apart from expanding the study to different regions of the world, to improve the quality of data, larger-scale clinical studies in the Asian region are required.
{"title":"The Potential of Traditional Medicine in Combating COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Tasbir Amin, Amana Hossain, Nusrat Jerin, Shahnewaj Bin Mannan, Noor Jahan Akter, Murad Hossain, Monir Uddin Ahmed, Jinath Sultana, Nayeema Bulbul, Ashrafus Safa, Md. Asaduzzaman, Md. Fakruddin","doi":"10.2174/0126667975284726240328044546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975284726240328044546","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The aim of the study was to review the existing data on traditional medicine in\u0000reducing the symptoms of COVID-19 patients with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. We also\u0000investigated the adverse impact, patient outcome, source, and mode of action of traditional medicine.\u0000A brief comparison was made on adverse impacts and symptom alleviation of the commercially\u0000available drugs as well.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We utilized PubMed, Scopus, WHO (GHL), and VHL in order to choose the eligible studies\u0000for the systematic review between July and August 2022. From a total of 12,263 studies, after a\u0000series of screening, 285 articles were identified in the final sample. The methodological evaluation\u0000was carried out accordingly.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000There is a growing literature on the usage of traditional medicine for COVID-19. The majority\u0000of the studies have shown positive outcomes even though they were not carried out at diverse\u0000locations around the world. We identified that the majority (17.4%) of the traditional medicine was\u0000derived from plants. The average time in the disappearance of the symptoms was 8.8 days, whereas\u0000the disappearance of symptoms using conventional drugs (Remdesevir, Ivermectin, Tocilizumab,\u0000Baricitinib, Famotidine, Ensitrelvir and Molnupiravir) was around 12 days. The mode of action of\u0000traditional medicine was mostly the reduction of viral load (50%). In terms of the severity of the\u0000patients, most of the patients (37.5%) had mild symptoms. We also found that no major adverse impact\u0000was reported on administering the traditional medicine among the patients. Further, the majority\u0000of the study was carried out in the Asian region, mostly in China.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Apart from expanding the study to different regions of the world, to improve the quality\u0000of data, larger-scale clinical studies in the Asian region are required.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"31 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：