Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.2174/0126667975302062240328050110
Andika Chandra Putra, Jamal Zaini, R. A. Ningrum, A. Ridwanuloh, Herjuno Ari Nugroho, Ryan Haryo Setyawan, Idris, Ruby Setiawan, P. S. Sushadi, Ari Sulistyo Wulandari, A. Zannati, Indriawati, Eva Erdayani, Wahyuni, D. F. Agustiyanti, P. H. Wisnuwardhani, Zahrah Saniyyah, Budi Haryanto, A. R. H. Utomo, Novia Ayu Rahma Setyaputri
COVID-19 is a disease of SARS-CoV2 beta coronavirus infection. One way to control the progression of COVID-19 symptoms is a rapid and accurate diagnosis. The current gold standard of COVID-19 diagnostic method uses RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and sputum specimens. To assess the efficacy of saliva and rectal swabs as non-invasive alternatives to the conventional nasopharyngeal swab for RTPCR testing in COVID-19 diagnosis, with a focus on the potential benefits for healthcare providers and patient comfort. This observational study was conducted with 80 confirmed cases at a tertiary hospital in Indonesia, the study compared RTPCR positivity rates among different collection methods. A high positivity rate of 92% for nasopharyngeal swabs, with saliva and rectal swabs yielding 36% and 34%, respectively. Notably, the positivity rates for saliva and rectal samples increased to 60% and 50% when testing occurred between five to seven days post-symptom onset. Crucially, in older patients, both saliva and rectal swabs demonstrated higher positivity rates than in younger patients within the initial four days of symptom onset, with rates of 43% and 17%, respectively. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between rectal swab positivity on day one and mortality in the older cohort, where lower Ct values on day seven were significantly associated with the deceased group. These findings support the potential of saliva and rectal swabs in predicting disease severity and patient outcomes, suggesting a safer and more convenient testing strategy for COVID- 19.
{"title":"Non-Invasive Specimen Collection in COVID-19 RT-PCR Testing: An Observational Study at an Indonesian Tertiary Hospital","authors":"Andika Chandra Putra, Jamal Zaini, R. A. Ningrum, A. Ridwanuloh, Herjuno Ari Nugroho, Ryan Haryo Setyawan, Idris, Ruby Setiawan, P. S. Sushadi, Ari Sulistyo Wulandari, A. Zannati, Indriawati, Eva Erdayani, Wahyuni, D. F. Agustiyanti, P. H. Wisnuwardhani, Zahrah Saniyyah, Budi Haryanto, A. R. H. Utomo, Novia Ayu Rahma Setyaputri","doi":"10.2174/0126667975302062240328050110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975302062240328050110","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000COVID-19 is a disease of SARS-CoV2 beta coronavirus infection. One way\u0000to control the progression of COVID-19 symptoms is a rapid and accurate diagnosis. The current\u0000gold standard of COVID-19 diagnostic method uses RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and\u0000sputum specimens.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To assess the efficacy of saliva and rectal swabs as non-invasive alternatives to the conventional\u0000nasopharyngeal swab for RTPCR testing in COVID-19 diagnosis, with a focus on the potential\u0000benefits for healthcare providers and patient comfort.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This observational study was conducted with 80 confirmed cases at a tertiary hospital in\u0000Indonesia, the study compared RTPCR positivity rates among different collection methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A high positivity rate of 92% for nasopharyngeal swabs, with saliva and rectal swabs yielding\u000036% and 34%, respectively. Notably, the positivity rates for saliva and rectal samples increased\u0000to 60% and 50% when testing occurred between five to seven days post-symptom onset. Crucially, in\u0000older patients, both saliva and rectal swabs demonstrated higher positivity rates than in younger patients\u0000within the initial four days of symptom onset, with rates of 43% and 17%, respectively. Furthermore,\u0000a significant correlation was found between rectal swab positivity on day one and mortality\u0000in the older cohort, where lower Ct values on day seven were significantly associated with the\u0000deceased group.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These findings support the potential of saliva and rectal swabs in predicting disease\u0000severity and patient outcomes, suggesting a safer and more convenient testing strategy for COVID-\u000019.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"31 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.2174/0126667975291444240209050447
Rıza Altunbaş, Aziz Batu, Adnan Türkel, Ali Akin, Umut Tendik
COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has caused significant mortality. The disease severity varies among individuals, and the factors influencing its course remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of biochemical parameters and familial data on COVID-19 outcomes. A retrospective analysis of 122 COVID-19 patients was conducted. Patients were categorized into two groups: outpatients with mild symptoms and those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and intubated. Demographic data, biochemical levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, and magnesium, and COVID-19 outcomes of first-, second-, and third-degree relatives were collected. The ICU group had a higher proportion of males (75%) and older patients (average age: 63.18±12.89 years) than the outpatient group (40% males and an average age of 45.13±13.77 years). Both groups had similar BMI, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 levels. However, magnesium levels were significantly higher in the ICU group (mean 2.25±0.3 mg/dL) than in the outpatient group (mean: 1.98±0.2 mg/dL). A significant familial relationship was identified between COVID-19 outcomes and disease course. Among the ICU patients, 25% had first-degree relatives who died from COVID- 19, compared to only 10% of the outpatient patients. Similarly, second- and third-degree relatives of ICU patients had a higher mortality rate from COVID-19 than relatives of outpatient patients. Age, gender, and magnesium levels may influence COVID-19 disease severity. Familial ties (genetic relatedness) may also play a role, suggesting potential genetic predisposition. Further research is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms
{"title":"Biochemical and Familial Factors Influencing COVID-19 Disease\u0000Progression","authors":"Rıza Altunbaş, Aziz Batu, Adnan Türkel, Ali Akin, Umut Tendik","doi":"10.2174/0126667975291444240209050447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975291444240209050447","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has caused significant mortality. The\u0000disease severity varies among individuals, and the factors influencing its course remain unclear. This\u0000study aimed to investigate the influence of biochemical parameters and familial data on COVID-19\u0000outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A retrospective analysis of 122 COVID-19 patients was conducted. Patients were categorized\u0000into two groups: outpatients with mild symptoms and those admitted to the intensive care unit\u0000(ICU) and intubated. Demographic data, biochemical levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, and magnesium,\u0000and COVID-19 outcomes of first-, second-, and third-degree relatives were collected.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The ICU group had a higher proportion of males (75%) and older patients (average age:\u000063.18±12.89 years) than the outpatient group (40% males and an average age of 45.13±13.77 years).\u0000Both groups had similar BMI, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 levels. However, magnesium levels were\u0000significantly higher in the ICU group (mean 2.25±0.3 mg/dL) than in the outpatient group (mean:\u00001.98±0.2 mg/dL). A significant familial relationship was identified between COVID-19 outcomes\u0000and disease course. Among the ICU patients, 25% had first-degree relatives who died from COVID-\u000019, compared to only 10% of the outpatient patients. Similarly, second- and third-degree relatives of\u0000ICU patients had a higher mortality rate from COVID-19 than relatives of outpatient patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Age, gender, and magnesium levels may influence COVID-19 disease severity. Familial\u0000ties (genetic relatedness) may also play a role, suggesting potential genetic predisposition. Further\u0000research is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"142 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.2174/0126667975291444240209050447
Rıza Altunbaş, Aziz Batu, Adnan Türkel, Ali Akin, Umut Tendik
COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has caused significant mortality. The disease severity varies among individuals, and the factors influencing its course remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of biochemical parameters and familial data on COVID-19 outcomes. A retrospective analysis of 122 COVID-19 patients was conducted. Patients were categorized into two groups: outpatients with mild symptoms and those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and intubated. Demographic data, biochemical levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, and magnesium, and COVID-19 outcomes of first-, second-, and third-degree relatives were collected. The ICU group had a higher proportion of males (75%) and older patients (average age: 63.18±12.89 years) than the outpatient group (40% males and an average age of 45.13±13.77 years). Both groups had similar BMI, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 levels. However, magnesium levels were significantly higher in the ICU group (mean 2.25±0.3 mg/dL) than in the outpatient group (mean: 1.98±0.2 mg/dL). A significant familial relationship was identified between COVID-19 outcomes and disease course. Among the ICU patients, 25% had first-degree relatives who died from COVID- 19, compared to only 10% of the outpatient patients. Similarly, second- and third-degree relatives of ICU patients had a higher mortality rate from COVID-19 than relatives of outpatient patients. Age, gender, and magnesium levels may influence COVID-19 disease severity. Familial ties (genetic relatedness) may also play a role, suggesting potential genetic predisposition. Further research is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms
{"title":"Biochemical and Familial Factors Influencing COVID-19 Disease\u0000Progression","authors":"Rıza Altunbaş, Aziz Batu, Adnan Türkel, Ali Akin, Umut Tendik","doi":"10.2174/0126667975291444240209050447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975291444240209050447","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has caused significant mortality. The\u0000disease severity varies among individuals, and the factors influencing its course remain unclear. This\u0000study aimed to investigate the influence of biochemical parameters and familial data on COVID-19\u0000outcomes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A retrospective analysis of 122 COVID-19 patients was conducted. Patients were categorized\u0000into two groups: outpatients with mild symptoms and those admitted to the intensive care unit\u0000(ICU) and intubated. Demographic data, biochemical levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, and magnesium,\u0000and COVID-19 outcomes of first-, second-, and third-degree relatives were collected.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The ICU group had a higher proportion of males (75%) and older patients (average age:\u000063.18±12.89 years) than the outpatient group (40% males and an average age of 45.13±13.77 years).\u0000Both groups had similar BMI, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 levels. However, magnesium levels were\u0000significantly higher in the ICU group (mean 2.25±0.3 mg/dL) than in the outpatient group (mean:\u00001.98±0.2 mg/dL). A significant familial relationship was identified between COVID-19 outcomes\u0000and disease course. Among the ICU patients, 25% had first-degree relatives who died from COVID-\u000019, compared to only 10% of the outpatient patients. Similarly, second- and third-degree relatives of\u0000ICU patients had a higher mortality rate from COVID-19 than relatives of outpatient patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Age, gender, and magnesium levels may influence COVID-19 disease severity. Familial\u0000ties (genetic relatedness) may also play a role, suggesting potential genetic predisposition. Further\u0000research is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"122 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.2174/0126667975281056240131043212
Siu Kan Law
Hypocrellin A and Pheophorbide a are well-known organic chemicals that may be contained in herbal products. They can act as photosensitizers and have a strong photodynamic effect on bacteria. In any case, are these photosensitizers appropriate for photodynamic treatment against the SARS-CoV-2 infection? The principles of photodynamic therapy are the same regardless of the target. It causes selective cytotoxicity at the site of infection through activation of photosensitizer under light irradiation to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the death of infected cells. Is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy a good choice against the SARS-CoV-2 virus? Nine electronic databases were searched, including WanFang Data, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, SciFinder, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), regardless of term, and language restrictions. All eligible studies were analyzed and summarized in this review. “Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” were effective for bacterial and SARS-CoV-2 in photodynamic therapy. 99.98 % of S. aureus was killed when incubated with the 10-3 M Hypocrellin A and illuminated a 490 nm in 30 mW/cm2 for 120 min. The difference was Pheophorbide a could also inhibit gram-negative bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa with a concentration of 1 µg/ml for 2 hr irradiated of a 671 nm laser in 0.3 W of 1 J, and a nearly 100 % suppression rate. “Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” with antiviral activity, and virucidal effects for preventing and treating the infection. Based on previous studies, “Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” are photosensitizers used for photodynamic therapy against bacteria or SARS-CoV-2, however, much more works need to be done in the future including the development of a better way for systematic infectious disease, and its correlated infections for the application of photodynamic therapy.
Hypocrellin A 和 Pheophorbide a 是草药产品中可能含有的著名有机化学物质。它们可以作为光敏剂，对细菌有很强的光动力作用。无论如何，这些光敏剂是否适合用于针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的光动力疗法？无论针对何种目标，光动力疗法的原理都是相同的。在光照射下，光敏剂被激活，产生具有细胞毒性的活性氧（ROS），导致受感染细胞死亡，从而在感染部位产生选择性细胞毒性。抗菌光动力疗法是抗击 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的好选择吗？我们检索了九个电子数据库，包括万方数据、PubMed、ScienceDirect、Scopus、Web of Science、Springer Link、SciFinder 和中国知网（CNKI）。本综述对所有符合条件的研究进行了分析和总结。在光动力疗法中，"Hypocrellin A "和 "Pheophorbide a "对细菌和 SARS-CoV-2 均有效。用 10-3 M Hypocrellin A 培养并在 30 mW/cm2 的 490 纳米波长下照射 120 分钟，99.98%的金黄色葡萄球菌被杀死。不同的是，用浓度为 1 µg/ml 的紫檀甙 A 在波长为 671 纳米、功率为 0.3 瓦、焦耳数为 1 焦耳的激光下照射 2 小时，也能抑制革兰氏阴性菌，如铜绿假单胞菌，抑制率接近 100%。"根据先前的研究，"Hypocrellin A "和 "Pheophorbide a "是用于光动力疗法抗击细菌或 SARS-CoV-2 的光敏剂，但是，未来还有许多工作要做，包括开发一种更好的系统性传染病及其相关感染的光动力疗法应用方法。
{"title":"A Comparison Between the Photodynamic Action of “Hypocrellin A” and\u0000“Pheophorbide A” Against Bacteria and SARS-CoV-2 Virus --- A MiniReview","authors":"Siu Kan Law","doi":"10.2174/0126667975281056240131043212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975281056240131043212","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hypocrellin A and Pheophorbide a are well-known organic chemicals that may be contained in herbal products. They can act as photosensitizers and have a strong photodynamic effect on\u0000bacteria. In any case, are these photosensitizers appropriate for photodynamic treatment against the\u0000SARS-CoV-2 infection? The principles of photodynamic therapy are the same regardless of the target. It causes selective cytotoxicity at the site of infection through activation of photosensitizer under\u0000light irradiation to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the death of infected\u0000cells. Is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy a good choice against the SARS-CoV-2 virus?\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nine electronic databases were searched, including WanFang Data, PubMed, Science\u0000Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, SciFinder, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), regardless of term, and language restrictions. All eligible studies were analyzed\u0000and summarized in this review.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000“Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” were effective for bacterial and SARS-CoV-2 in\u0000photodynamic therapy. 99.98 % of S. aureus was killed when incubated with the 10-3 M Hypocrellin\u0000A and illuminated a 490 nm in 30 mW/cm2 for 120 min. The difference was Pheophorbide a could\u0000also inhibit gram-negative bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa with a concentration of 1 µg/ml for 2 hr\u0000irradiated of a 671 nm laser in 0.3 W of 1 J, and a nearly 100 % suppression rate. “Hypocrellin A”\u0000and “Pheophorbide a” with antiviral activity, and virucidal effects for preventing and treating the\u0000infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on previous studies, “Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” are photosensitizers\u0000used for photodynamic therapy against bacteria or SARS-CoV-2, however, much more works need\u0000to be done in the future including the development of a better way for systematic infectious disease,\u0000and its correlated infections for the application of photodynamic therapy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"54 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.2174/0126667975281056240131043212
Siu Kan Law
Hypocrellin A and Pheophorbide a are well-known organic chemicals that may be contained in herbal products. They can act as photosensitizers and have a strong photodynamic effect on bacteria. In any case, are these photosensitizers appropriate for photodynamic treatment against the SARS-CoV-2 infection? The principles of photodynamic therapy are the same regardless of the target. It causes selective cytotoxicity at the site of infection through activation of photosensitizer under light irradiation to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the death of infected cells. Is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy a good choice against the SARS-CoV-2 virus? Nine electronic databases were searched, including WanFang Data, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, SciFinder, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), regardless of term, and language restrictions. All eligible studies were analyzed and summarized in this review. “Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” were effective for bacterial and SARS-CoV-2 in photodynamic therapy. 99.98 % of S. aureus was killed when incubated with the 10-3 M Hypocrellin A and illuminated a 490 nm in 30 mW/cm2 for 120 min. The difference was Pheophorbide a could also inhibit gram-negative bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa with a concentration of 1 µg/ml for 2 hr irradiated of a 671 nm laser in 0.3 W of 1 J, and a nearly 100 % suppression rate. “Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” with antiviral activity, and virucidal effects for preventing and treating the infection. Based on previous studies, “Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” are photosensitizers used for photodynamic therapy against bacteria or SARS-CoV-2, however, much more works need to be done in the future including the development of a better way for systematic infectious disease, and its correlated infections for the application of photodynamic therapy.
Hypocrellin A 和 Pheophorbide a 是草药产品中可能含有的著名有机化学物质。它们可以作为光敏剂，对细菌有很强的光动力作用。无论如何，这些光敏剂是否适合用于针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的光动力疗法？无论针对何种目标，光动力疗法的原理都是相同的。在光照射下，光敏剂被激活，产生具有细胞毒性的活性氧（ROS），导致受感染细胞死亡，从而在感染部位产生选择性细胞毒性。抗菌光动力疗法是抗击 SARS-CoV-2 病毒的好选择吗？我们检索了九个电子数据库，包括万方数据、PubMed、ScienceDirect、Scopus、Web of Science、Springer Link、SciFinder 和中国知网（CNKI）。本综述对所有符合条件的研究进行了分析和总结。在光动力疗法中，"Hypocrellin A "和 "Pheophorbide a "对细菌和 SARS-CoV-2 均有效。用 10-3 M Hypocrellin A 培养并在 30 mW/cm2 的 490 纳米波长下照射 120 分钟，99.98%的金黄色葡萄球菌被杀死。不同的是，用浓度为 1 µg/ml 的紫檀甙 A 在波长为 671 纳米、功率为 0.3 瓦、焦耳数为 1 焦耳的激光下照射 2 小时，也能抑制革兰氏阴性菌，如铜绿假单胞菌，抑制率接近 100%。"根据先前的研究，"Hypocrellin A "和 "Pheophorbide a "是用于光动力疗法抗击细菌或 SARS-CoV-2 的光敏剂，但是，未来还有许多工作要做，包括开发一种更好的系统性传染病及其相关感染的光动力疗法应用方法。
{"title":"A Comparison Between the Photodynamic Action of “Hypocrellin A” and\u0000“Pheophorbide A” Against Bacteria and SARS-CoV-2 Virus --- A MiniReview","authors":"Siu Kan Law","doi":"10.2174/0126667975281056240131043212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975281056240131043212","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hypocrellin A and Pheophorbide a are well-known organic chemicals that may be contained in herbal products. They can act as photosensitizers and have a strong photodynamic effect on\u0000bacteria. In any case, are these photosensitizers appropriate for photodynamic treatment against the\u0000SARS-CoV-2 infection? The principles of photodynamic therapy are the same regardless of the target. It causes selective cytotoxicity at the site of infection through activation of photosensitizer under\u0000light irradiation to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to the death of infected\u0000cells. Is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy a good choice against the SARS-CoV-2 virus?\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nine electronic databases were searched, including WanFang Data, PubMed, Science\u0000Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, SciFinder, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), regardless of term, and language restrictions. All eligible studies were analyzed\u0000and summarized in this review.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000“Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” were effective for bacterial and SARS-CoV-2 in\u0000photodynamic therapy. 99.98 % of S. aureus was killed when incubated with the 10-3 M Hypocrellin\u0000A and illuminated a 490 nm in 30 mW/cm2 for 120 min. The difference was Pheophorbide a could\u0000also inhibit gram-negative bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa with a concentration of 1 µg/ml for 2 hr\u0000irradiated of a 671 nm laser in 0.3 W of 1 J, and a nearly 100 % suppression rate. “Hypocrellin A”\u0000and “Pheophorbide a” with antiviral activity, and virucidal effects for preventing and treating the\u0000infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on previous studies, “Hypocrellin A” and “Pheophorbide a” are photosensitizers\u0000used for photodynamic therapy against bacteria or SARS-CoV-2, however, much more works need\u0000to be done in the future including the development of a better way for systematic infectious disease,\u0000and its correlated infections for the application of photodynamic therapy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139785012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.2174/0126667975288661240123075201
M. Alvandi, Seyed Hamid Hashemi, Z. Shaghaghi, Zeynab Marzhoseyni, Hamidreza Ghasemi-Basir, Mojdeh Mohammadi, A. Yazdi, Soghra Farzipour
Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by the irondependent accumulation of lipid peroxides, leading to membrane damage and cell rupture. Several lines of evidence suggest that ferroptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of COVID- 19. This study aimed to measure iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation markers in COVID-19 patients to establish a direct link between ferroptosis and COVID-19. In the present cross-sectional study, the serum levels of hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were assessed in 100 COVID-19 patients diagnosed using Real-time PCR and compared to the levels in 100 healthy individuals. Our findings revealed a significant increase in serum levels of ferritin and MDA in COVID- 19 patients compared to control subjects. Conversely, TIBC, Hb, Iron, and GSH levels were lower in COVID-19 patients than in control. Our study provides further evidence supporting the significance of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Further research aimed at elucidating the exact role of ferroptosis in COVID-19 is warranted, as it may lead to improved strategies for mitigating multi-organ dysfunction associated with this disease.
{"title":"Role of Ferroptosis in COVID-19 Pathogenesis: Insights from Iron Metabolism and Lipid Peroxidation Markers","authors":"M. Alvandi, Seyed Hamid Hashemi, Z. Shaghaghi, Zeynab Marzhoseyni, Hamidreza Ghasemi-Basir, Mojdeh Mohammadi, A. Yazdi, Soghra Farzipour","doi":"10.2174/0126667975288661240123075201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975288661240123075201","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death characterized by the irondependent\u0000accumulation of lipid peroxides, leading to membrane damage and cell rupture. Several\u0000lines of evidence suggest that ferroptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-\u000019. This study aimed to measure iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation markers in COVID-19 patients\u0000to establish a direct link between ferroptosis and COVID-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the present cross-sectional study, the serum levels of hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, and iron,\u0000total iron binding capacity (TIBC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were assessed\u0000in 100 COVID-19 patients diagnosed using Real-time PCR and compared to the levels in 100\u0000healthy individuals.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our findings revealed a significant increase in serum levels of ferritin and MDA in COVID-\u000019 patients compared to control subjects. Conversely, TIBC, Hb, Iron, and GSH levels were lower in\u0000COVID-19 patients than in control.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our study provides further evidence supporting the significance of ferroptosis in the\u0000pathogenesis of COVID-19. Further research aimed at elucidating the exact role of ferroptosis in\u0000COVID-19 is warranted, as it may lead to improved strategies for mitigating multi-organ dysfunction\u0000associated with this disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"56 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronaviruses are the genetic series of RNA viruses that infect both organisms mammals and birds. Different varieties of illnesses shown in humans as well as in birds are the most common causes ranging from minor to fatal. Common colds which are included in mild and SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 are caused by fatal. After cell entry, the release of RNA into the cytoplasm occurs, which translates viral proteins followed by processed replication. The survey was based on a comparison study between the purchase of OTC and prescribed drugs for COVID-19 symptoms, including the volume of pharmacies from different zones of Yamunanagar district, Haryana. The analytical survey involves the different zones of Yamunanagar the pharmacist used in this report. The numerical data is gathered in a methodical investigation which leads to quantitative research. The data investigation was performed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The north zone area mostly suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic condition from January 2021 to June 2021 in Yamunanagar and found that most of the OTC drugs purchased by consumers were paracetamol (PCM) and Prescribed drugs (HQCS + Azithromycin) by the public regarding covid-19 symptoms. The outcome of this case report reveals that no statistically significant difference exists between the population parameter and sample statistics while the comparison retained the null hypothesis in different zones of Yamunanagar (Haryana), India including the volume of pharmacy and drug category.
{"title":"Analysis of OTC and Prescribed Drugs Working Against COVID-19 Symptoms in the Context of Humans and Surrounding: A Brief Report on\u0000Medications Taken by Patients","authors":"Kajal Nagpal, Ashwani Dhingra, Uditi Handa, Geeta Deswal, P. Kriplani, Kumar Guarve, Anuj Malik, Fatimah Jan, Abhilasha Dubey","doi":"10.2174/0126667975282230240125113214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975282230240125113214","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Coronaviruses are the genetic series of RNA viruses that infect both organisms\u0000mammals and birds. Different varieties of illnesses shown in humans as well as in birds are the\u0000most common causes ranging from minor to fatal. Common colds which are included in mild and\u0000SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 are caused by fatal. After cell entry, the release of RNA into the cytoplasm\u0000occurs, which translates viral proteins followed by processed replication.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The survey was based on a comparison study between the purchase of OTC and prescribed\u0000drugs for COVID-19 symptoms, including the volume of pharmacies from different zones of\u0000Yamunanagar district, Haryana.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The analytical survey involves the different zones of Yamunanagar the pharmacist used in\u0000this report. The numerical data is gathered in a methodical investigation which leads to quantitative\u0000research. The data investigation was performed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences\u0000(SPSS) version 20.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The north zone area mostly suffered from the COVID-19 pandemic condition from January\u00002021 to June 2021 in Yamunanagar and found that most of the OTC drugs purchased by consumers\u0000were paracetamol (PCM) and Prescribed drugs (HQCS + Azithromycin) by the public regarding\u0000covid-19 symptoms.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The outcome of this case report reveals that no statistically significant difference exists\u0000between the population parameter and sample statistics while the comparison retained the null hypothesis\u0000in different zones of Yamunanagar (Haryana), India including the volume of pharmacy and\u0000drug category.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.2174/0126667975285430240123092043
Malihe Pouredalati, Elham Sharifpoor, N. Dastyar, Abolfazl Hosseinnataj, Fateme Khajoie, Atefeh Ahmadi, Mehdi Shafiei-Bafti
This study aimed to determine the factors related to hospitalization associated with COVID-19. A total of 1000 patients with confirmed COVID-19 by positive PCR test participated in this study. They were randomly selected from positive test patients during this time. They or their firstdegree relatives were contacted over the phone and were asked the questions of the checklist regarding socio-demographics and factors related to the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, symptoms of recent infection with COVID-19, and probable factors affecting patients’ hospitalization. Mean and standard deviation were used for describing quantitative variables and frequency (percent) of qualitative variables. Moreover, logistic regression was applied to determine influential factors related to patients’ hospitalization due to COVID-19. The mean age of the patients was 46.66±17.39, and 53.6% were men. Moreover, 65.6% suffered from chronic diseases. Cough, nausea, chest pain, and fever were the most common symptoms, which were found in more than 50% of patients. It was found that the chances of hospitalization increased with older ages, having more children, addiction of the patient or spouse, job other than health care provider, not regularly using dairy products, not consuming supplements, recent stressful life events, not obeying physical distancing and hospitalization or dead of family members from COVID-19 during patient’s infection. Age, number of children, self-addiction or spouse addiction, job, dairy products or supplement consumption, encountering stressful life events, social distancing, and status of COVID-19 in family members were found to be influential factors in the hospitalization during infection by COVID-19. People with risk of hospitalization can benefit from modifying their life styles and preventive interventions.
{"title":"Influential Factors Related to Patient Hospitalization Due to COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Malihe Pouredalati, Elham Sharifpoor, N. Dastyar, Abolfazl Hosseinnataj, Fateme Khajoie, Atefeh Ahmadi, Mehdi Shafiei-Bafti","doi":"10.2174/0126667975285430240123092043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975285430240123092043","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study aimed to determine the factors related to hospitalization associated with\u0000COVID-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 1000 patients with confirmed COVID-19 by positive PCR test participated in this\u0000study. They were randomly selected from positive test patients during this time. They or their firstdegree\u0000relatives were contacted over the phone and were asked the questions of the checklist regarding\u0000socio-demographics and factors related to the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, symptoms of\u0000recent infection with COVID-19, and probable factors affecting patients’ hospitalization. Mean and\u0000standard deviation were used for describing quantitative variables and frequency (percent) of qualitative\u0000variables. Moreover, logistic regression was applied to determine influential factors related to\u0000patients’ hospitalization due to COVID-19.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean age of the patients was 46.66±17.39, and 53.6% were men. Moreover, 65.6%\u0000suffered from chronic diseases. Cough, nausea, chest pain, and fever were the most common symptoms,\u0000which were found in more than 50% of patients. It was found that the chances of hospitalization\u0000increased with older ages, having more children, addiction of the patient or spouse, job other\u0000than health care provider, not regularly using dairy products, not consuming supplements, recent\u0000stressful life events, not obeying physical distancing and hospitalization or dead of family members\u0000from COVID-19 during patient’s infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Age, number of children, self-addiction or spouse addiction, job, dairy products or supplement\u0000consumption, encountering stressful life events, social distancing, and status of COVID-19\u0000in family members were found to be influential factors in the hospitalization during infection by\u0000COVID-19. People with risk of hospitalization can benefit from modifying their life styles and preventive\u0000interventions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"20 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.2174/0126667975279621240124115409
João Pedro Viana Rodrigues, Vanessa Pinheiro Gonçalves, Francisco Dantas Lourenço, Ronaldo Bragança Martins, Felipe Rocha do Nascimento, E. Arruda, Larissa Deadame de Figueiredo Nicolete, Roberto Nicolete
The pressing need for effective SARS-CoV-2 antiviral medicines has driven research into innovative therapeutic techniques. RNA interference with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) has shown promise as an antiviral treatment. We evaluated the effectiveness of lipid-based nanoparticles as a viable delivery platform for siRNA-based approach against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro infection. Liposomes were fabricated by microfluidics to incorporate SARS-CoV-2-specific siRNAs based on conserved sections of the Spike protein coding sequence. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was used to evaluate the nanoparticles' physicochemical features. VERO cell lines infected with SARS-CoV-2 were used to test the efficiency of siRNA-loaded liposomes. RT-PCR was used to determine the viral load by quantifying the SARS-CoV-2 genome. The results showed that liposomes efficiently decreased viral load in infected cells with good physicochemical features, such as a mean particle size of about 180 nm, zeta potential of +2.5 mV and encapsulation efficiency (53.6%). These findings imply that lipid-based nanoparticles might be a targeted delivery strategy for siRNA-based approaches.
{"title":"Small Interference RNA Encapsulated in Liposomes: An Effective Strategy for In vitro Inhibition of Sars-CoV-2 Load","authors":"João Pedro Viana Rodrigues, Vanessa Pinheiro Gonçalves, Francisco Dantas Lourenço, Ronaldo Bragança Martins, Felipe Rocha do Nascimento, E. Arruda, Larissa Deadame de Figueiredo Nicolete, Roberto Nicolete","doi":"10.2174/0126667975279621240124115409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975279621240124115409","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The pressing need for effective SARS-CoV-2 antiviral medicines has driven\u0000research into innovative therapeutic techniques. RNA interference with small interfering RNAs\u0000(siRNAs) has shown promise as an antiviral treatment.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We evaluated the effectiveness of lipid-based nanoparticles as a viable delivery platform\u0000for siRNA-based approach against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Liposomes were fabricated by microfluidics to incorporate SARS-CoV-2-specific siRNAs\u0000based on conserved sections of the Spike protein coding sequence. Nanoparticle tracking analysis\u0000was used to evaluate the nanoparticles' physicochemical features. VERO cell lines infected with\u0000SARS-CoV-2 were used to test the efficiency of siRNA-loaded liposomes. RT-PCR was used to\u0000determine the viral load by quantifying the SARS-CoV-2 genome.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results showed that liposomes efficiently decreased viral load in infected cells with\u0000good physicochemical features, such as a mean particle size of about 180 nm, zeta potential of +2.5\u0000mV and encapsulation efficiency (53.6%).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000These findings imply that lipid-based nanoparticles might be a targeted delivery strategy\u0000for siRNA-based approaches.\u0000","PeriodicalId":504431,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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