This article compares modes of response to the COVID-19 pandemic in three national automotive sectors. Our analyses of the automotive sector in Germany clearly demonstrate that trade unions were included and their interests considered at the national, industrial, and company level, and in the negotiations on how EU funds were to be used for technological upgrading. In Brazil and India, on the other hand, large parts of the risks were shifted onto the workforce, thereby further weakening their negotiating positions and without making any progress in catching up with the Global North. Thus, we argue that industrial relations, power and competitive advantages, state assets, and policies at the national level remain the key resource for crisis responses.
{"title":"Dynamics in the automotive industry in Germany, Brazil and India – changes triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Christina Teipen, Praveen Jha, Bruno De Conti","doi":"10.4337/ejeep.2023.0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2023.0118","url":null,"abstract":"This article compares modes of response to the COVID-19 pandemic in three national automotive sectors. Our analyses of the automotive sector in Germany clearly demonstrate that trade unions were included and their interests considered at the national, industrial, and company level, and in the negotiations on how EU funds were to be used for technological upgrading. In Brazil and India, on the other hand, large parts of the risks were shifted onto the workforce, thereby further weakening their negotiating positions and without making any progress in catching up with the Global North. Thus, we argue that industrial relations, power and competitive advantages, state assets, and policies at the national level remain the key resource for crisis responses.","PeriodicalId":504521,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies Intervention","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many observers see the Covid-19 crisis as marking a major shift in neoliberal globalization. We analyze this question from the perspective of South Africa. We argue that the 2020 crisis has not precipitated a major shift as much as it has rapidly accelerated trends which were already under way since 2008. We illustrate this through an account of political and economic developments in South Africa since 2008, showing how ongoing trends shaped the government’s economic response to the Covid-19 crisis. We argue that the South African case illustrates broader trends in global capitalism. It suggests some significant departures from the version of neoliberal globalization that has prevailed in the past few decades. But on the fundamental question of the balance of economic power both between classes and between the global South and North, there is little reason for optimism.
{"title":"Research ArticleSouth Africa’s economic response to the Covid-19 crisis: a post-pandemic shift or more of the same?","authors":"Sam Ashman, Ben Scully","doi":"10.4337/ejeep.2023.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2023.0108","url":null,"abstract":"Many observers see the Covid-19 crisis as marking a major shift in neoliberal globalization. We analyze this question from the perspective of South Africa. We argue that the 2020 crisis has not precipitated a major shift as much as it has rapidly accelerated trends which were already under way since 2008. We illustrate this through an account of political and economic developments in South Africa since 2008, showing how ongoing trends shaped the government’s economic response to the Covid-19 crisis. We argue that the South African case illustrates broader trends in global capitalism. It suggests some significant departures from the version of neoliberal globalization that has prevailed in the past few decades. But on the fundamental question of the balance of economic power both between classes and between the global South and North, there is little reason for optimism.","PeriodicalId":504521,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies Intervention","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The various social and economic crises triggered by COVID-19 have revealed and reflected the many forms of contradictions, interdependencies and power asymmetries that underpin our current form of globalised capitalism. While Comparative Capitalisms approaches can provide useful insights into how national economies mediate crisis and how external forces can lead to shifts within domestic economies, these frameworks struggle with various theoretical and methodological limitations. This paper instead argues that Variegated Capitalism is better suited to analysing the effects of COVID-19 and, importantly, to understanding the COVID-19 crisis at a systemic level, by engaging with and integrating these levels of analysis in a wider examination of capitalism as a hegemonic global system. With this, we also aim to demonstrate that Variegated Capitalism provides an ambitious framework for analysing moments of globalised capitalism beyond the current conjuncture.
{"title":"Research ArticleVariegated Capitalism as an approach for understanding globalisation in the wake of COVID-19","authors":"Lukas Handley, Anne Martin","doi":"10.4337/ejeep.2023.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2023.0102","url":null,"abstract":"The various social and economic crises triggered by COVID-19 have revealed and reflected the many forms of contradictions, interdependencies and power asymmetries that underpin our current form of globalised capitalism. While Comparative Capitalisms approaches can provide useful insights into how national economies mediate crisis and how external forces can lead to shifts within domestic economies, these frameworks struggle with various theoretical and methodological limitations. This paper instead argues that Variegated Capitalism is better suited to analysing the effects of COVID-19 and, importantly, to understanding the COVID-19 crisis at a systemic level, by engaging with and integrating these levels of analysis in a wider examination of capitalism as a hegemonic global system. With this, we also aim to demonstrate that Variegated Capitalism provides an ambitious framework for analysing moments of globalised capitalism beyond the current conjuncture.","PeriodicalId":504521,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies Intervention","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reports a study of how the Indian IT industry navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. Agility emerged as the crucial determining factor aiding the industry’s successful survival. IT organisations’ agility, facilitated by the state’s response to the pandemic and by both their anticipation of the lockdown and their technological capabilities, helped them overcome the crisis. The slowdown forced firms to downsize, reduce bench strength, freeze wages and intensify work, while deferring client payments. When the economy recovered, high attrition, termed ‘The Great Resignation’, forced employers to increase wages. Employers were unable to compel employees to return to the office, despite facing issues relating to organisational culture, data security and moonlighting. Remote working helped employees maintain work–life balance and save on cost of living, forcing employers to provide a hybrid option.
本文报告了对印度 IT 行业如何应对 COVID-19 大流行病的研究。敏捷性是帮助该行业成功生存的关键决定因素。国家对大流行病的应对措施、对封锁的预判以及自身的技术能力都促进了 IT 组织的敏捷性，帮助它们克服了危机。经济放缓迫使企业缩小规模、减少人员、冻结工资、加紧工作，同时推迟支付客户款项。当经济复苏时，被称为 "大辞职 "的高减员迫使雇主增加工资。尽管面临着组织文化、数据安全和兼职等问题，雇主也无法迫使员工返回办公室。远程工作有助于员工保持工作与生活的平衡，并节省生活成本，这迫使雇主提供一种混合选择。
{"title":"Research ArticleAgility and the transition from uncertainty to recovery: the Indian IT industry and COVID-19","authors":"P. D’Cruz, Ernesto Noronha","doi":"10.4337/ejeep.2023.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2023.0101","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports a study of how the Indian IT industry navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. Agility emerged as the crucial determining factor aiding the industry’s successful survival. IT organisations’ agility, facilitated by the state’s response to the pandemic and by both their anticipation of the lockdown and their technological capabilities, helped them overcome the crisis. The slowdown forced firms to downsize, reduce bench strength, freeze wages and intensify work, while deferring client payments. When the economy recovered, high attrition, termed ‘The Great Resignation’, forced employers to increase wages. Employers were unable to compel employees to return to the office, despite facing issues relating to organisational culture, data security and moonlighting. Remote working helped employees maintain work–life balance and save on cost of living, forcing employers to provide a hybrid option.","PeriodicalId":504521,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies Intervention","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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