Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2024.1386925
Antonia Maragkaki, Evangelia A. Koukianaki, Maria A. Lilli, D. Efstathiou, Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis
The water ecosystem food (WEF) nexus duly acknowledges the complex interdependencies among water, ecosystems, and food production, underscoring nature based solutions (NBS) as an efficacious strategy for navigating these interconnections. In this research, four different NBS (terraces, riparian forest, livestock management and agro ecological practices) were assessed in terms of their impact to WEF nexus. The Karst-SWAT and the one-dimensional integrated critical zone (1D-ICZ) models were used to simulate the impact of NBS on water quantity and quality as well as on soil ecosystem services of Koiliaris River Basin, which serves as an illustrative example of a basin that has experienced severe soil and biodiversity degradation. The Karst-SWAT model showed that a combination of NBS of terraces and riparian forest can reduce soil erosion and the sediment load by 97%. The 1D-ICZ model successfully simulated the soil-plant-water system and showed that agro ecological practices affect biomass production, carbon and nutrient sequestration, soil structure and geochemistry.
{"title":"Optimizing the water-ecosystem-food nexus using nature-based solutions at the basin scale","authors":"Antonia Maragkaki, Evangelia A. Koukianaki, Maria A. Lilli, D. Efstathiou, Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1386925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1386925","url":null,"abstract":"The water ecosystem food (WEF) nexus duly acknowledges the complex interdependencies among water, ecosystems, and food production, underscoring nature based solutions (NBS) as an efficacious strategy for navigating these interconnections. In this research, four different NBS (terraces, riparian forest, livestock management and agro ecological practices) were assessed in terms of their impact to WEF nexus. The Karst-SWAT and the one-dimensional integrated critical zone (1D-ICZ) models were used to simulate the impact of NBS on water quantity and quality as well as on soil ecosystem services of Koiliaris River Basin, which serves as an illustrative example of a basin that has experienced severe soil and biodiversity degradation. The Karst-SWAT model showed that a combination of NBS of terraces and riparian forest can reduce soil erosion and the sediment load by 97%. The 1D-ICZ model successfully simulated the soil-plant-water system and showed that agro ecological practices affect biomass production, carbon and nutrient sequestration, soil structure and geochemistry.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-22DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2024.1380133
Manish Kumar, K. Khamis, R. Stevens, David M. Hannah, Chris Bradley
Water quality issues remain a major cause of global water insecurity, and real-time low-cost monitoring solutions are central to the remediation and management of water pollution. Optical sensors, based on fluorescence, absorbance, scattering and reflectance-based principles, provide effective water quality monitoring (WQM) solutions. However, substantial challenges remain to their wider adoption across scales and environments amid cost and calibration-related concerns. This review discusses the current and future challenges in optical water quality monitoring based on multi-peak fluorescence, full-spectrum absorbance, light-scattering and remotely sensed surface reflectance. We highlight that fluorescence-based sensors can detect relatively low concentrations of aromatic compounds (e.g., proteins and humic acids) and quantify and trace organic pollution (e.g., sewage or industrial effluents). Conversely, absorbance-based sensors (Ultraviolet-Visible-Infra-red, UV-VIS-IR) are suitable for monitoring a wider range of physiochemical variables (e.g., nitrate, dissolved organic carbon and turbidity). Despite being accurate under optimal conditions, measuring fluorescence and absorbance can be demanding in dynamic environments due to ambient temperature and turbidity effects. Scattering-based turbidity sensors provide a detailed understanding of sediment transport and, in conjunction, improve the accuracy of fluorescence and absorbance measurements. Recent advances in micro-sensing components such as mini-spectrometers and light emitting diodes (LEDs), and deep computing provide exciting prospects of in-situ full-spectrum analysis of fluorescence (excitation-emission matrices) and absorbance for improved understanding of interferants to reduce the signal-to-noise ratio, improve detection accuracies of existing pollutants, and enable detection of newer contaminants. We examine the applications combining in-situ spectroscopy and remotely sensed reflectance for scaling Optical WQM in large rivers, lakes and marine bodies to scale from point observations to large water bodies and monitor algal blooms, sediment load, water temperature and oil spills. Lastly, we provide an overview of future applications of optical techniques in detecting emerging contaminants in treated and natural waters. We advocate for greater synergy between industry, academia and public policy for effective pollution control and water management.
{"title":"In-situ optical water quality monitoring sensors—applications, challenges, and future opportunities","authors":"Manish Kumar, K. Khamis, R. Stevens, David M. Hannah, Chris Bradley","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1380133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1380133","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality issues remain a major cause of global water insecurity, and real-time low-cost monitoring solutions are central to the remediation and management of water pollution. Optical sensors, based on fluorescence, absorbance, scattering and reflectance-based principles, provide effective water quality monitoring (WQM) solutions. However, substantial challenges remain to their wider adoption across scales and environments amid cost and calibration-related concerns. This review discusses the current and future challenges in optical water quality monitoring based on multi-peak fluorescence, full-spectrum absorbance, light-scattering and remotely sensed surface reflectance. We highlight that fluorescence-based sensors can detect relatively low concentrations of aromatic compounds (e.g., proteins and humic acids) and quantify and trace organic pollution (e.g., sewage or industrial effluents). Conversely, absorbance-based sensors (Ultraviolet-Visible-Infra-red, UV-VIS-IR) are suitable for monitoring a wider range of physiochemical variables (e.g., nitrate, dissolved organic carbon and turbidity). Despite being accurate under optimal conditions, measuring fluorescence and absorbance can be demanding in dynamic environments due to ambient temperature and turbidity effects. Scattering-based turbidity sensors provide a detailed understanding of sediment transport and, in conjunction, improve the accuracy of fluorescence and absorbance measurements. Recent advances in micro-sensing components such as mini-spectrometers and light emitting diodes (LEDs), and deep computing provide exciting prospects of in-situ full-spectrum analysis of fluorescence (excitation-emission matrices) and absorbance for improved understanding of interferants to reduce the signal-to-noise ratio, improve detection accuracies of existing pollutants, and enable detection of newer contaminants. We examine the applications combining in-situ spectroscopy and remotely sensed reflectance for scaling Optical WQM in large rivers, lakes and marine bodies to scale from point observations to large water bodies and monitor algal blooms, sediment load, water temperature and oil spills. Lastly, we provide an overview of future applications of optical techniques in detecting emerging contaminants in treated and natural waters. We advocate for greater synergy between industry, academia and public policy for effective pollution control and water management.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"32 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2024.1397630
M. Stocker, Jaclyn E. Smith, Y. Pachepsky
The presence of fecal bacteria in irrigation waters is well documented in causing human and animal illnesses, with the potential for antibiotic-resistant pathogens to increase the seriousness of these infections. Approaches to sampling fecal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in irrigation waters used in raw food production require standardization to quantify and discern potential spatiotemporal trends in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Composite sampling is widely used to reduce the cost and time of processing samples while estimating spatial or temporal variation in contaminant concentrations. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the spatial variation in generic and ARB in several irrigation ponds and assess the effectiveness of composite sampling in estimating the average of individual samples. In a grid-like fashion, five irrigation ponds were sampled for generic and antibiotic-resistant E. coli and total coliforms using the Colilert Quanti-Tray/2000 system with and without tetracycline and cefotaxime added. Individual samples were composited in sample sets including all samples, only bank samples, and only interior samples. Coefficients of variations in general were high (> 100%) for generic bacteria and higher for ARB (140%−290%). Concentrations of all measured bacteria were lower in the pond interior locations than the banks. The percentage of tetracycline-resistant E. coli varied among ponds from averages of 0% to 23%. No cefotaxime-resistant E. coli were detected in any of the ponds whereas cefotaxime-resistant total coliforms were detected at each site. The average percentage of cefotaxime-resistant total coliforms varied from 1.1 to 13.8% among ponds. E. coli concentrations in composite samples did not significantly differ from either the mean or median of the individual sample sets in 89% and 83% of cases, respectively, indicating composite sampling to be effective in capturing spatial variation of both generic and ARB. Results of this work can be used to aid in the development of better strategies for surveilling antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments.
{"title":"On composite sampling for monitoring generic and antibiotic-resistant coliforms in irrigation ponds","authors":"M. Stocker, Jaclyn E. Smith, Y. Pachepsky","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1397630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1397630","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of fecal bacteria in irrigation waters is well documented in causing human and animal illnesses, with the potential for antibiotic-resistant pathogens to increase the seriousness of these infections. Approaches to sampling fecal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in irrigation waters used in raw food production require standardization to quantify and discern potential spatiotemporal trends in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Composite sampling is widely used to reduce the cost and time of processing samples while estimating spatial or temporal variation in contaminant concentrations. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the spatial variation in generic and ARB in several irrigation ponds and assess the effectiveness of composite sampling in estimating the average of individual samples. In a grid-like fashion, five irrigation ponds were sampled for generic and antibiotic-resistant E. coli and total coliforms using the Colilert Quanti-Tray/2000 system with and without tetracycline and cefotaxime added. Individual samples were composited in sample sets including all samples, only bank samples, and only interior samples. Coefficients of variations in general were high (> 100%) for generic bacteria and higher for ARB (140%−290%). Concentrations of all measured bacteria were lower in the pond interior locations than the banks. The percentage of tetracycline-resistant E. coli varied among ponds from averages of 0% to 23%. No cefotaxime-resistant E. coli were detected in any of the ponds whereas cefotaxime-resistant total coliforms were detected at each site. The average percentage of cefotaxime-resistant total coliforms varied from 1.1 to 13.8% among ponds. E. coli concentrations in composite samples did not significantly differ from either the mean or median of the individual sample sets in 89% and 83% of cases, respectively, indicating composite sampling to be effective in capturing spatial variation of both generic and ARB. Results of this work can be used to aid in the development of better strategies for surveilling antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2024.1380761
Aditya Kapoor, Deepak Kashyap
Groundwater models often require transmissivity (T) fields as an input. These T fields are commonly generated by performing univariate interpolation of the T data. This T data is derived from pumping tests and is generally limited due to the large costs and logistical requirements. Hence T fields generated using this limited data may not be representative for a whole study region. Groundwater models often require transmissivity (T) fields as an input. These T fields are commonly generated by performing univariate interpolation (using kriging, IDW etc.) of the T data. This T data is derived from pumping tests and is generally limited due to the large costs and logistical requirements. Hence, the T fields generated using this limited data may not be representative for the whole study region. This study presents a novel cokriging based methodology to generate credible T fields. Cokriging - a multivariate geostatistical interpolation method permits incorporation of additional correlated auxiliary variables for the generation of enhanced fields. Here abundantly available litholog derived saturated thickness data has been used as secondary (auxiliary) data given its correlation with the primary T data. Additionally, the proposed methodology addresses two operational problems of traditional cokriging procedure. The first operational problem is the poor estimation of variogram and cross-variogram parameters due to sparse T data. The second problem is the determination of relative contributions of primary and secondary variable in the estimation process. These two problems have been resolved by proposing a set of novel non-bias conditions, and linking the interpolator with a head based inverse problem solution for credible estimation of these parameters. The proposed methodology has been applied to Bist doab region in Punjab (India). Additionally, base line studies have been performed to elucidate the superiority of the proposed cokriging based methodology over kriging in terms of head reproducibility.
地下水模型通常需要透射率（T）场作为输入。这些 T 场通常是通过对 T 数据进行单变量插值生成的。这种 T 数据来自抽水试验，由于成本高、物流要求高，一般都很有限。因此，使用这种有限数据生成的 T 场可能无法代表整个研究区域。地下水模型通常需要透射率（T）场作为输入。这些 T 场通常是通过对 T 数据进行单变量插值（使用克里格法、IDW 等）生成的。这些 T 数据来自抽水试验，由于成本高、物流要求高，一般都很有限。因此，利用这些有限数据生成的 T 场可能无法代表整个研究区域。本研究提出了一种基于 Cokriging 的新方法来生成可信的 T 场。Cokriging 是一种多元地质统计插值方法，它允许加入额外的相关辅助变量来生成增强的油气田。在这里，大量可用的岩性推导饱和厚度数据被用作次要（辅助）数据，因为它与主要 T 数据相关。此外，所提出的方法还解决了传统 cokriging 程序的两个操作问题。第一个操作问题是，由于 T 数据稀少，对变异图和交叉变异图参数的估计不准确。第二个问题是如何确定主变量和次变量在估计过程中的相对贡献。为了解决这两个问题，我们提出了一套新颖的非偏置条件，并将内插器与基于头部的反问题解决方案联系起来，以对这些参数进行可靠的估计。所提出的方法已应用于印度旁遮普省的 Bist doab 地区。此外，还进行了基线研究，以阐明所提出的基于 cokriging 的方法在水头重现性方面优于克里金法。
{"title":"Inverse problem assisted multivariate geostatistical model for identification of transmissivity fields","authors":"Aditya Kapoor, Deepak Kashyap","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1380761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1380761","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater models often require transmissivity (T) fields as an input. These T fields are commonly generated by performing univariate interpolation of the T data. This T data is derived from pumping tests and is generally limited due to the large costs and logistical requirements. Hence T fields generated using this limited data may not be representative for a whole study region. Groundwater models often require transmissivity (T) fields as an input. These T fields are commonly generated by performing univariate interpolation (using kriging, IDW etc.) of the T data. This T data is derived from pumping tests and is generally limited due to the large costs and logistical requirements. Hence, the T fields generated using this limited data may not be representative for the whole study region. This study presents a novel cokriging based methodology to generate credible T fields. Cokriging - a multivariate geostatistical interpolation method permits incorporation of additional correlated auxiliary variables for the generation of enhanced fields. Here abundantly available litholog derived saturated thickness data has been used as secondary (auxiliary) data given its correlation with the primary T data. Additionally, the proposed methodology addresses two operational problems of traditional cokriging procedure. The first operational problem is the poor estimation of variogram and cross-variogram parameters due to sparse T data. The second problem is the determination of relative contributions of primary and secondary variable in the estimation process. These two problems have been resolved by proposing a set of novel non-bias conditions, and linking the interpolator with a head based inverse problem solution for credible estimation of these parameters. The proposed methodology has been applied to Bist doab region in Punjab (India). Additionally, base line studies have been performed to elucidate the superiority of the proposed cokriging based methodology over kriging in terms of head reproducibility.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2024.1377216
F. Ugalde, G. Casassa, Cedomir Marangunic, F. Fernandoy, Jorge Carrasco, Franco Buglio
The catastrophic detachment of Aparejo Glacier (one of the three known cases in the Andes) took place on 1 March 1980 and resulted in the removal of an ice volume initially estimated to be 7.2 Mm3, which originally was 1.0 km long and covered an area of 0.2 km2. The event caused the sudden mobilization of the sliding mass 3.7 km down valley at an estimated speed of 110 km/h, causing remarkable geomorphological changes, including the obliteration of most of the glacier. 40 years after the event, we analyze new evidence: 3 ground surveys carried out in 2015 and 2016; DEMs and glacier outlines compiled from orthorectified aerial imagery pre-and post-event; GNSS data; Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data; a terrestrial LiDAR scan survey of 2020, together with detailed interviews with 2 direct witnesses of the event, terrestrial and helicopter-borne photographs acquired 12 days after the sudden detachment. The combined interpretation of these new data, allow us to make a more precise estimation of the pre-detachment glacier volume, 12.9 ± 0.6 × 106 m3 and the detached ice volume of 11.7 ± 0.6 × 106 m3 (90% of the total volume of the glacier). We also show that in the 40-year period Aparejo Glacier has recovered 12.4% of the original glacier volume, with a mean ice thickness of 19.5 m and a maximum of 40 m according to GPR data, being preserved within the same basin as the detached glacier. In recent years, the glacier has shown a mean elevation change of −3.7 ± 1.2 m during the 2015–2020 period, with maximum thinning values greater than 8 m, which are probably caused by enhanced ablation due to climate warming and reduced precipitation during the current megadrought which started in 2010 and has lasted more than 1 decade. We conclude that under the projected scenarios of climate warming and reduced precipitation for central Chile, the risk associated to a new detachment of Aparejo Glacier is unlikely.
{"title":"The 1980 Aparejo Glacier catastrophic detachment: new insights and current status","authors":"F. Ugalde, G. Casassa, Cedomir Marangunic, F. Fernandoy, Jorge Carrasco, Franco Buglio","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1377216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1377216","url":null,"abstract":"The catastrophic detachment of Aparejo Glacier (one of the three known cases in the Andes) took place on 1 March 1980 and resulted in the removal of an ice volume initially estimated to be 7.2 Mm3, which originally was 1.0 km long and covered an area of 0.2 km2. The event caused the sudden mobilization of the sliding mass 3.7 km down valley at an estimated speed of 110 km/h, causing remarkable geomorphological changes, including the obliteration of most of the glacier. 40 years after the event, we analyze new evidence: 3 ground surveys carried out in 2015 and 2016; DEMs and glacier outlines compiled from orthorectified aerial imagery pre-and post-event; GNSS data; Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data; a terrestrial LiDAR scan survey of 2020, together with detailed interviews with 2 direct witnesses of the event, terrestrial and helicopter-borne photographs acquired 12 days after the sudden detachment. The combined interpretation of these new data, allow us to make a more precise estimation of the pre-detachment glacier volume, 12.9 ± 0.6 × 106 m3 and the detached ice volume of 11.7 ± 0.6 × 106 m3 (90% of the total volume of the glacier). We also show that in the 40-year period Aparejo Glacier has recovered 12.4% of the original glacier volume, with a mean ice thickness of 19.5 m and a maximum of 40 m according to GPR data, being preserved within the same basin as the detached glacier. In recent years, the glacier has shown a mean elevation change of −3.7 ± 1.2 m during the 2015–2020 period, with maximum thinning values greater than 8 m, which are probably caused by enhanced ablation due to climate warming and reduced precipitation during the current megadrought which started in 2010 and has lasted more than 1 decade. We conclude that under the projected scenarios of climate warming and reduced precipitation for central Chile, the risk associated to a new detachment of Aparejo Glacier is unlikely.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140687923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2024.1220540
Md Izazul Haq, M. Shamsudduha, Anwar Zahid, Kazi Matin Ahmed, A. M. Kamal, Richard G Taylor
The salinisation of freshwater resources is a priority concern in Asian mega-deltas including the Bengal Basin of Bangladesh where the livelihoods, ecosystem services and health of coastal populations are increasingly under threat. Understanding trends and variations in surface water salinity is required to inform sustainable use of freshwater supplies in the face of hydrological regimes intensified by global environmental change. We interrogate 86 time series of fortnightly records of in situ surface water salinity between 1990 and 2019. Statistical and geospatial techniques were employed to characterise spatiotemporal distributions and trends in surface water salinity and identify key drivers of change in the coastal region of Bangladesh. The observed spatiotemporal structure in surface water salinity is primarily controlled by the magnitude and seasonality of river discharge entering the delta. In the moribund delta north of the Sundarbans, the contour between fresh and brackish water migrates seasonally between ~20 and ~40 km northward during the dry season. Abrupt increases in surface water salinity are observed throughout the coastal region in response to variations in upstream river discharge; the prominence of these events highlights their importance in driving salinity increases. Areas which are better connected to more voluminous seasonal river discharge (active delta), show greater recovery to these episodic inundations by cyclones than those less-well flushed by river discharge (moribund delta). Our reported observations provide a baseline for understanding the consequences of global environmental change and informing more climate-resilient adaptation strategies in coastal environments of Bangladesh and other Asian mega-deltas.
{"title":"What drives changes in surface water salinity in coastal Bangladesh?","authors":"Md Izazul Haq, M. Shamsudduha, Anwar Zahid, Kazi Matin Ahmed, A. M. Kamal, Richard G Taylor","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1220540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1220540","url":null,"abstract":"The salinisation of freshwater resources is a priority concern in Asian mega-deltas including the Bengal Basin of Bangladesh where the livelihoods, ecosystem services and health of coastal populations are increasingly under threat. Understanding trends and variations in surface water salinity is required to inform sustainable use of freshwater supplies in the face of hydrological regimes intensified by global environmental change. We interrogate 86 time series of fortnightly records of in situ surface water salinity between 1990 and 2019. Statistical and geospatial techniques were employed to characterise spatiotemporal distributions and trends in surface water salinity and identify key drivers of change in the coastal region of Bangladesh. The observed spatiotemporal structure in surface water salinity is primarily controlled by the magnitude and seasonality of river discharge entering the delta. In the moribund delta north of the Sundarbans, the contour between fresh and brackish water migrates seasonally between ~20 and ~40 km northward during the dry season. Abrupt increases in surface water salinity are observed throughout the coastal region in response to variations in upstream river discharge; the prominence of these events highlights their importance in driving salinity increases. Areas which are better connected to more voluminous seasonal river discharge (active delta), show greater recovery to these episodic inundations by cyclones than those less-well flushed by river discharge (moribund delta). Our reported observations provide a baseline for understanding the consequences of global environmental change and informing more climate-resilient adaptation strategies in coastal environments of Bangladesh and other Asian mega-deltas.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":"16 2‐3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2024.1359196
Kayla T. Squiggins, Heather Fullerton, V. Vulava
Rapid urbanization in coastal areas worldwide, combined with intense precipitation events and coastal flooding exacerbated by climate change, poses an existential challenge for many coastal communities. Floodwater in coastal urban areas contains non-point source pollutants, such as trace metals and fecal coliforms, but the presence of fecal coliforms resistant to antibiotics poses an additional threat to human health and has yet to be reported.In this study, floodwater samples were collected from four locations in Charleston, SC, a medium-sized coastal city in the southeastern United States. All sites were impacted by flooding: two by tidal and rainfall flooding, one by tidal flooding, and one by stormwater runoff. Since ampicillin is a commonly-prescribed antibiotic for both humans and animals, this study aimed to analyze the patterns of ampicillin-resistant coliform (AmpRC) concentrations as correlated to flood-source and land-use patterns.Floodwater from all areas contained AmpRC and trace metals, with varying contaminant concentrations based on the flood source. No correlations were observed between coliform and trace metal concentrations. Analysis of land-use patterns demonstrated a positive correlation between percent coverage of impervious surfaces and coliform concentrations at all the sites.Overall, the results suggest that land-use patterns increase the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant coliforms and increase the likelihood of human exposure to these potential pathogens. Climate change is expected to exacerbate the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in floodwater generated from rainfall and tidal flooding in coastal cities. Cities like Charleston, SC are experiencing rapid urbanization and increased coastal flooding, making this research particularly relevant.
{"title":"The presence of ampicillin-resistant coliforms in urban floodwaters of a coastal city in the southeastern United States","authors":"Kayla T. Squiggins, Heather Fullerton, V. Vulava","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1359196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1359196","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid urbanization in coastal areas worldwide, combined with intense precipitation events and coastal flooding exacerbated by climate change, poses an existential challenge for many coastal communities. Floodwater in coastal urban areas contains non-point source pollutants, such as trace metals and fecal coliforms, but the presence of fecal coliforms resistant to antibiotics poses an additional threat to human health and has yet to be reported.In this study, floodwater samples were collected from four locations in Charleston, SC, a medium-sized coastal city in the southeastern United States. All sites were impacted by flooding: two by tidal and rainfall flooding, one by tidal flooding, and one by stormwater runoff. Since ampicillin is a commonly-prescribed antibiotic for both humans and animals, this study aimed to analyze the patterns of ampicillin-resistant coliform (AmpRC) concentrations as correlated to flood-source and land-use patterns.Floodwater from all areas contained AmpRC and trace metals, with varying contaminant concentrations based on the flood source. No correlations were observed between coliform and trace metal concentrations. Analysis of land-use patterns demonstrated a positive correlation between percent coverage of impervious surfaces and coliform concentrations at all the sites.Overall, the results suggest that land-use patterns increase the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant coliforms and increase the likelihood of human exposure to these potential pathogens. Climate change is expected to exacerbate the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in floodwater generated from rainfall and tidal flooding in coastal cities. Cities like Charleston, SC are experiencing rapid urbanization and increased coastal flooding, making this research particularly relevant.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2024.1378514
Fernanda Deister Moreira, Paula Rafaela Silva Fonseca, Raquel Machado Miranda, Luana Oliveira da Costa, Isis E Mejías Carpio
Stakeholder engagement is an integral part of water governance to provide long-term sustainable water services (e.g., water storage, distribution, treatment). Yet, evidence-based studies documenting how community engagement contributes to water governance objectives are scarce. This Community Case Study describes key findings of a three-year experience by Global WaSH executing the Água Viva Program. The study recounts the process of building community engagement among stakeholders in the rural district of Monte Verde de Minas, in the city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. The study is presented through the viewpoint of the Bridging Organization, Global WaSH. The Program had four main phases: Discovery and Planning, Awareness, Engagement, and Intervention. This study demonstrates the importance of multi-stakeholder participation and the crucial role of the community to reach sound governance. This article also shares the challenges of connecting the interests of distinct actors. It emphasizes the role of a team of WaSH specialists with relationship-building experience in merging community demands and government concerns.
利益相关者的参与是水治理不可或缺的一部分，以提供长期可持续的水服务（如储水、配水、水处理）。然而，记录社区参与如何有助于实现水治理目标的循证研究却很少。本社区案例研究描述了全球水安全与卫生组织（Global WaSH）在执行 Água Viva 计划的三年经验中得出的主要结论。该研究叙述了在巴西 Juiz de Fora 市的 Monte Verde de Minas 农村地区建立利益相关者社区参与的过程。本研究通过全球水卫生项目这一桥梁组织的视角进行阐述。该计划分为四个主要阶段：发现和规划、认识、参与和干预。这项研究表明了多方利益相关者参与的重要性，以及社区在实现健全治理方面的关键作用。本文还介绍了将不同参与者的利益联系起来所面临的挑战。它强调了具有建立关系经验的 WaSH 专家团队在融合社区需求和政府关切方面的作用。
{"title":"Stakeholder engagement for inclusive water governance in a rural community in Brazil","authors":"Fernanda Deister Moreira, Paula Rafaela Silva Fonseca, Raquel Machado Miranda, Luana Oliveira da Costa, Isis E Mejías Carpio","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1378514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1378514","url":null,"abstract":"Stakeholder engagement is an integral part of water governance to provide long-term sustainable water services (e.g., water storage, distribution, treatment). Yet, evidence-based studies documenting how community engagement contributes to water governance objectives are scarce. This Community Case Study describes key findings of a three-year experience by Global WaSH executing the Água Viva Program. The study recounts the process of building community engagement among stakeholders in the rural district of Monte Verde de Minas, in the city of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. The study is presented through the viewpoint of the Bridging Organization, Global WaSH. The Program had four main phases: Discovery and Planning, Awareness, Engagement, and Intervention. This study demonstrates the importance of multi-stakeholder participation and the crucial role of the community to reach sound governance. This article also shares the challenges of connecting the interests of distinct actors. It emphasizes the role of a team of WaSH specialists with relationship-building experience in merging community demands and government concerns.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2024.1413800
Pieter van Oel, M. Sivapalan, G. di Baldassarre, Fuqiang Tian, Shinichiro Nakamura, Sara Marks
{"title":"Editorial: Scale issues in human-water systems","authors":"Pieter van Oel, M. Sivapalan, G. di Baldassarre, Fuqiang Tian, Shinichiro Nakamura, Sara Marks","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1413800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1413800","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2024.1387915
Yoseph M. Tessema, F. A. Zimale, Mebrahtom G. Kebedew
Reservoir sedimentation is a significant issue that shortens reservoir life and impacts operations such as irrigation, hydropower, and drinking water supply because it significantly reduces the reservoir’s initial capacity. Information on changes in the storage capacity is required to reduce the risk of reservoir sustainability. This study was conducted on the Angereb reservoir in the sub-humid region of Ethiopia, in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. Bathymetric surveys and ArcGIS 10.8 were used to estimate the sedimentation and service life of the Angereb reservoir. A Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) surface was developed from the survey data to estimate the volume of the reservoir. Based on the findings of this bathymetry a total of 2.18 Mm3 of sediment was deposited on the reservoir bed between 2007 to 2022. Storage capacity was decreased by 62.28% in 16 years of operation and caused an average annual volume reduction of 3.9%. The sediment yield (SY) and specific sediment yield (SSY) of the Angereb watershed revealed 192715.5 and 170312.5 m3 year−1 and 3043.2 and 2689.4-ton km−2 y−1 for trap efficiencies of 70.1 and 80% calculated with two methods, respectively. The SSY has increased by about 50.3% to the minimum and 70.1% to the maximum indicating more degradation of the watershed in sixteen years. The gross storage capacity loss of the reservoir was about 75% which was 5.3 Mm3 in 1997 and reduced to 1.32 Mm3 in 2022 with an annual reduction of 2.9% in storage capacity. The reservoir will be filled up by sediment in 7 years if the incoming sediment remains the same in the future. These findings will serve as a call for action in the watershed and a foundation for managing the accumulated sedimentation in the Angereb reservoir and for developing sediment control and management strategies for similar reservoirs.
{"title":"Understanding sedimentation trends to enhance sustainable reservoir management in the Angereb reservoir, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia","authors":"Yoseph M. Tessema, F. A. Zimale, Mebrahtom G. Kebedew","doi":"10.3389/frwa.2024.1387915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1387915","url":null,"abstract":"Reservoir sedimentation is a significant issue that shortens reservoir life and impacts operations such as irrigation, hydropower, and drinking water supply because it significantly reduces the reservoir’s initial capacity. Information on changes in the storage capacity is required to reduce the risk of reservoir sustainability. This study was conducted on the Angereb reservoir in the sub-humid region of Ethiopia, in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. Bathymetric surveys and ArcGIS 10.8 were used to estimate the sedimentation and service life of the Angereb reservoir. A Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) surface was developed from the survey data to estimate the volume of the reservoir. Based on the findings of this bathymetry a total of 2.18 Mm3 of sediment was deposited on the reservoir bed between 2007 to 2022. Storage capacity was decreased by 62.28% in 16 years of operation and caused an average annual volume reduction of 3.9%. The sediment yield (SY) and specific sediment yield (SSY) of the Angereb watershed revealed 192715.5 and 170312.5 m3 year−1 and 3043.2 and 2689.4-ton km−2 y−1 for trap efficiencies of 70.1 and 80% calculated with two methods, respectively. The SSY has increased by about 50.3% to the minimum and 70.1% to the maximum indicating more degradation of the watershed in sixteen years. The gross storage capacity loss of the reservoir was about 75% which was 5.3 Mm3 in 1997 and reduced to 1.32 Mm3 in 2022 with an annual reduction of 2.9% in storage capacity. The reservoir will be filled up by sediment in 7 years if the incoming sediment remains the same in the future. These findings will serve as a call for action in the watershed and a foundation for managing the accumulated sedimentation in the Angereb reservoir and for developing sediment control and management strategies for similar reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":504613,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Water","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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