agriRxiv最新文献

{"title":"The effects of a blend of coriander oil, eugenol, geranyl acetate, and geraniol on bull fattening and slaughter performance.","authors":"D. Brugger, J. Salzmann, A. Liesegang, M. Schick, R. Bolt","doi":"10.31220/agrirxiv.2024.00230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2024.00230","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A blend of essential oils (eugenol, geranyl acetate, coriander oil) has been earlier shown to improve dairy cow productivity by means of reduced methanogenesis. Thus far, no data is available for beef cattle and a transfer of lessons learned from dairy cows to bulls is difficult. The present study tested the material according to manufacturer instruction in beef bulls under Swiss rearing conditions. No effect on zootechnical or slaughter performance could be confirmed, despite a multitude of earlier positive reports from dairy trials. This questions the suitability of the product under the simulated conditions. Further studies including dose-response studies and considering different roughage:concentrate ratios are urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":504744,"journal":{"name":"agriRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140493937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do crop varieties developed through different breeding methods perform in field in terms of yield and biotic and abiotic stress? A systematic map protocol.","authors":"Neal Haddaway, Ram Khadka, G. Chimwaza, Mercy Moyo, Marcia Mabhula, S. Savilaakso","doi":"10.31220/agrirxiv.2024.00228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2024.00228","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Despite Nepal's considerable progress towards sustainable development goals in recent years, much more needs to be done to address the key development challenges. Agriculture plays an indispensable role in Nepal's development trajectory, but Nepal faces complex challenges in its agricultural landscape. Addressing these challenges requires a coordinated effort and the use of robust scientific evidence to support decision making - knowledge on effectiveness of crop varieties will help to direct support and resources where they are needed most. Despite heavy investment in seed technology, benefits to crop productivity and farmer income have been limited. Changing weather patterns and an overreliance on imported crops have led to a potentially fragile system. There is therefore a need for an overview of what research is being invested in, along with information about the effectiveness of new crop varieties, including imports. Methods: This systematic map will collate the literature from Nepal and its neighbouring countries to answer the question: \"How do crop varieties developed through different breeding methods perform in field in terms of yield and biotic and abiotic stress?\". We will search for evidence across a suite of bibliographic databases and grey literature resources using a tried-and-tested search strategy. Potentially relevant records will be screened against a set of a priori, explicit eligibility criteria, ensuring consistency in application prior to use. Relevant records will proceed to meta-data extraction and coding, followed by visualisation and narrative description of the evidence base as a whole. Knowledge gaps and clusters will be identified across pairs of variables including crop, breeding method, country and measurement methods to assess the volume and quality of evidence across the evidence base. This process will highlight areas where further research is needed, along with topics for which sufficient evidence exists to allow full synthesis of study findings in answer to questions regarding the effectiveness of different plant breeding methods in terms of yield and stress tolerance.","PeriodicalId":504744,"journal":{"name":"agriRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140494413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate logarithmic modeling of grain production in the Yangtze River Basin: incorporating extreme weather factors.","authors":"Zi-jun Mu","doi":"10.31220/agrirxiv.2024.00227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2024.00227","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Whilst essential to the nutrition of societies, grain crops are demonstrated to be largely susceptible to the influence of anthropological climate change and extreme weather. However, few previous attempts at modeling grain yield took thorough consideration about the potential impact of extreme temperature events (ETEs) on average (or per-hectare) grain yield. From historical data in a Chinese agriculture hub, namely the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plains (MLYP) region, through a 2-step, nested OLS-FGLS multivariate log-log regression model, this study underscored the strong, sustained and significant negative influence ETEs had on grain production in the last 32 years in MLYP provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Hunan; supported the literature with further evidence of global warming reducing crop productivity; and corroborated previous studies highlighting a reduction in crop productivity sourced from inefficient distribution and management of labor in the context of technological advancements. Climate-model-based provincial predictions through Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) indicate a strong need for agricultural workers and scientists to address the increasing threat of future heat and cold stress through both micro-level (such as genomics-assisted breeding) and macro-level (such as AI-mediated farm management tools), in order for them to be prepared for a wide range of climate change scenarios.","PeriodicalId":504744,"journal":{"name":"agriRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139616601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of plant spacing and harvesting age on morphological characteristics and yield of Desho grass ( Pennisetum glaucifolium L.) at Adola sub-site of Bore Agricultural Research Center, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"T. Jabessa, Takele Wolkaro, Meseret Girma","doi":"10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00222","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out in the Adola sub-site of the Bore Agricultural Research Centre in order to assess the effects of suitable harvesting age and plant spacing on the morphological traits and yield of Desho grass. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3*3 factorial configurations in three replications was used to set up the experiment. The experiment makes use of three plant spacing (10, 30 and 50 cm) and three harvesting stages (75, 105, and 135 days). Prior to planting 100 kg/ha -1 combinations of Nitrogen, phosphate and sulfur (NPS) fertilizer were applied to all plots. The data collected from the study includes morphological characteristics such as; plant height (PH), leaf length per plant (LLPP), number of leaves per plant (NLPP), number of tillers per plant (NTPP), Leaf to steam ratio (LSR), dry matter yield (DMY), survival rate (SR), Plot cover (PC), and vigorousity. All data were subjected to GLM ANOVA procedures of SAS, 2002 version 9.0. The results revealed that all morphological characteristics were significantly (p < 0.01) affected by the treatments except leaf to steam ratio and plot cover The minimum mean number of tiller per plant (NTPP) of 21.53 was obtained from 10*75 treatments while the maximum number of tiller per plant (NTPP) of 59.3 was recorded from 50*135 treatments. The highest plant height (100.43 cm) was recorded from 30*105 treatments, while the lowest plant height was obtained from 30*75 treatments. The highest (31.87) dry matter yield tone per hectare was recorded from 30*105 while the lowest (4.4) were obtained from 50*75 treatments. It is possible to draw the conclusion that, in the current experiment near Adola, the treatment combination of 30 cm*105 days has produced the best production and nutritional values of Desho grass. To reach trustworthy results, more research on various combinations of harvesting stage and plant spacing across years and regions is necessary.","PeriodicalId":504744,"journal":{"name":"agriRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139172647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the genotype through interactions with the environment and dry matter yield stability of Lablab purpureus L. in midland of Guji zone.","authors":"T. Jabessa, Getachew Tesfaye, Ketema Bekele","doi":"10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00221","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to assess Lablab genotyping performance in different Guji midland areas. A 3mx2m plot was used to seed twelve accessions of Lablab purpureus , which were obtained from the International Livestock Research Institute Gene Bank, and a tick registered variety from Bako Agricultural Research Centre. During the main rainy season in 2021-2022, three locations-Dufa, Gobicha, and Kiltu sorsa, Adola subsite, and on farms in two (2) consecutive years, respectively were studied using randomized complete block designs (RCBD) with three replications. Information was gathered regarding the establishment, duration of various physiological stages, dry matter yield of fodder, chemical compositions, and additional relevant factors. AMMI and the SAS statistical analysis programmer, version (2002), were used to perform an analysis of variance on the gathered data. The list significant difference test was used to compare the means. The results of the AMMI analysis of variance for forage dry matter yield showed that there were substantial (P < 0.01) variations in genotype and environment, but not in the effects of the G x E interaction. Both the representative testing site and the testing conditions (Adola Woyu and Kiltu Sorsa) were quite good at differentiating genotypes. The combined analysis data revealed non-significant (P > 0.05) differences for plant height and thousand seed weight, but significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences for days to flowering, days to maturity, number of branches, leaf to steam ratio, number of pods, and number of seeds across the tested environments. The results showed that, out of all the examined locations, G-11620 (15.43 t/ha) and G-14486 (11.12 t/ha) had the highest forage dry matter production. It was observed that the leaf to steam ratio was higher in both G-11486 and G-11620. All chemical compositions across tested genotypes were found to be significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) in the study of composite chemical compositions, with the exception of DOMD and IVDMD, which did not reveal significant (p >0.05) variations among genotypes. The recorded CP content ranged from 21.15% for G-14486 to 23.50% for G-11620, with the lowest value coming from typical cheek Gabis 10.8%. The highest and the lowest NDF were recorded from G-11620 (11.2%) and Gabis (22.23%) respectively. Generally the mean performance, yield and stability of the G-11620 and G-14486 were high and stable across the tested locations. Therefore, genotypes (G-14486 and G-11620) were promoted to VVT for further evaluation and possible for release.","PeriodicalId":504744,"journal":{"name":"agriRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolving inconsistencies in environmental impact assessments of organic farming: a comparison of two meta-analyses.","authors":"Hikaru Komatsu, Jeremy Rappleye","doi":"10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00216","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT: In the midst of the growing popularity of organic farming, persistent questions surround its environmental effects. A 2017 meta-analysis suggested elevated acidification and eutrophication potentials per land area for organic farming relative to conventional farming, influencing policy and individual choices. However, a recent 2023 meta-analysis contradicted these findings, revealing reduced or comparable impacts across various environmental indicators, including acidification and eutrophication potentials. OBJECTIVE: These discrepant findings from these studies highlight the need for a comprehensive understanding of the underlying causes and implications. This study seeks to unravel the source of these disparities. METHODS: Initially, we scrutinized whether the differences in findings could be attributed to variations in the agricultural products selected for analysis. Subsequently, we explored the possibility that disparities were influenced by distinct averaging methods employed in the two studies. To address the impact of sample size, our investigation considered whether differences in findings could be attributed to varying sample sizes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that the disparities between these meta-analyses stem from differences in averaging methods and sample sizes. The 2023 meta-analysis, employing a more robust averaging method and a larger sample size, emerges as a more reliable source of information. Researchers are encouraged to incorporate the 2023 findings into their investigations, potentially necessitating a reconsideration of agricultural policies and dietary choices to align with updated environmental impact assessments. SIGNIFICANCE: By resolving inconsistencies in environmental impact assessments of organic farming, this study facilitates more effective societal and individual decision-making for greater sustainability.","PeriodicalId":504744,"journal":{"name":"agriRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Funciones de indice de sitio para Austrocedrus chilensis en el sudoeste de Rio Negro (Argentina).","authors":"Pablo F. Yapura","doi":"10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00214","url":null,"abstract":"No obstante los avances en el conocimiento del manejo de los bosques de Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Florin et Boutleje (ciprés de la cordillera), aún se carecen de modelos de producción y para desarrollarlos es esencial la correcta evaluación de la calidad de sitio. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo y ajuste de tres variantes de un modelo predictivo del crecimiento en altura dominante que permiten generar funciones de índice de sitio para esta especie. Empleando el método de la ecuación de la diferencia se desarrollaron tres expresiones diferentes del modelo de Chapman-Richards que resultaron invariantes a la edad de referencia. Dos expresiones resultaron polimórficas con asíntota común, mientras que la restante fue anamórfica con asíntota variable. Para generar los datos altura-edad, un total de 23 árboles de sitio, tomados de 10 parcelas, fueron apeados para realizarles el análisis de fuste y reconstruir su crecimiento pasado en altura. En las pruebas convencionales de bondad de ajuste los tres modelos presentaron resultados satisfactorios y ninguno se demostró superior. Considerando criterios e indicadores específicos para las funciones de sitio, el comportamiento predictivo de los tres modelos resultó aceptable, aunque todos mostraron sesgo e imprecisión para edades juveniles. En el rango de edades de mayor importancia práctica la precisión es razonable y el sesgo desaparece, siendo la formulación anamórfica la de mejor desempeño. Para mejorar el comportamiento predictivo, los resultados obtenidos sugieren el uso de la edad a la altura del pecho y el desarrollo de una variante polimórfica con asíntota variable de ese modelo.","PeriodicalId":504744,"journal":{"name":"agriRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139196450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misleading overestimation bias in methods to estimate wolf abundance that use spatial models.","authors":"Robert L. Crabtree, Dean C. Koch, Subhash R. Lele","doi":"10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00215","url":null,"abstract":"1. Population abundance is the main criterion used by agencies to manage and conserve species and it allows adaptive decision-making in response to impacts. Its estimation is particularly important for large mammals, especially carnivores that are notoriously difficult to monitor yet have high ecological and economic importance to humans. Reversal of their historic population decline is also vital to restoring ecosystem health through the ecosystem service of trophic interactions. 2. Because bias and precision (variance) are the independent yardsticks of the quality and reliability of population estimates, we preliminarily assessed new abundance estimators for wolves that non-traditionally use spatial models to estimate the area that an observation represents. Among many biases and problems identified by recent assessments, we identified suspected biases due to obvious violation of the closure assumption in occupancy modeling used to determine the area occupied by territorial pack members. Thus, we chose to simulate the effect of spatial resolution (grid size) on the direction and magnitude of that inherent bias in a recent method called iPOM used in Montana. We also examined the potential bias in their estimate of variance and confidence intervals. 3. We found that even the use of small grid cells (relative to wolf territory size), biased the total area occupied and the number of packs used to calculate abundance. The bias rapidly increases with increasing grid cell size. At the grid cell size used in iPOM for Montana (600 km 2 ) there was a severe overestimation bias of 150% that proliferated through the iPOM submodel structure and resulted in estimated wolf abundance 2.5 times larger than true abundance. 4. This bias alone when combined with a misapplication and underreporting of iPOM's estimate of variance (biased low) results in a precariously misleading situation for decision-makers that threatens wolf populations. Other identified biases that inflate abundance likely make this situation worse but they should be further examined and tested. 5. Due to these biases and the high sensitivity of iPOM's spatial models to estimate area, we suggest that such spatial models should not be used in population estimation methods or such methods, iPOM for example, should be improved and/or restructured with submodels robust to assumption violation thereby reducing bias. Given iPOM's current design, there is no ability to detect change let alone determine wolf population size. 6. We provide a comparative framework for testing and improvement and strongly suggest proper model-assisted sampling designs and hierarchical modeling such as is used in capture-recapture models, especially those that use non-invasive procedures that avoid costly capture and marking. We also recommend collaborative activities that lead to using the best available scientific methods to determine carnivore abundance.","PeriodicalId":504744,"journal":{"name":"agriRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elephant grass ( Pennisetum purpureum ) varieties adaptation trial at North Shewa Zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Firaol Legesse Mereba","doi":"10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00213","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted in two districts, viz. (Kuyu and Wara Jarso) of the North Shewa Zone, Oromia region. Therefore, this study was initiated to evaluate the adaptability, dry matter yield and chemical composition of four elephant ( Pennisetum purpureum ) grass varieties in the North Shewa Zone. Accordingly, four elephant grass varieties, viz. Bako#04 (16804), Bako#01 (16801), Zehone#03 (16819), and Zehone#02 (16791) were tested in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data collected were analyzed using R Software, and the results of the combined analysis revealed that plant height, number of tillers, and dry matter yield were significantly (P<0.05) different between treatments. The variety Zehone#02 (88.50 cm) had the highest mean plant height, while the variety Bako#01 had the lowest plant height (66.89 cm). The highest (p<0.05) dry matter yield (12.27 ton ha -1 ) was recorded for the Zehone#02 variety, whereas the lowest dry matter yield (10.70 ton ha -1 ) was recorded for the Zehone#03 variety. The number of nodes per plant varied, whereas internodes length and leaf-to-stem ratio did not vary significantly among elephant grass varieties. The analysis results showed non-significant (P>0.05) difference for DM, Ash, and NDF, whereas significant variation was observed in most parameters, including CP, ADF, ADL, IVDMD, DODM and ME. The elephant grass variety Bako#04 (16804) showed better CP (11.37%) content, followed by Zehone#02 (16791) (10.54%). Therefore, the Bako#04 (16804) and Zehone#02 (16791) varieties of elephant grass are recommended for livestock producers in the North Shewa Zone, Oromia.","PeriodicalId":504744,"journal":{"name":"agriRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139222203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision organic farming, increasing grain yield, soil nutrient management and economic viability for maize production.","authors":"J. N. Kariithi, D. S. Ngosia, Felix K. Kamau, Daniel I. Rubenstein","doi":"10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31220/agrirxiv.2023.00212","url":null,"abstract":"Precision organic farming was designed to develop a system of wise stewardship of land using principles of ecology and agriculture. A prevailing question remains on how to balance increasing crop yields whilst maintaining soil nutrients. Here, we demonstrate that precision organic farming can increase yields, soil nutrient composition, and soil organic carbon temporarily. but that effectiveness depends on the environmental context. We designed a set of multi-plot demonstrations using a randomized complete block design, consisting of nine equal plots growing maize with two fertilizer treatments, compost manure, and chemical fertilizers across years with different rainfall profiles. We also considered the outcome of the control plots where no treatment was applied. The experiment site is located in the transboundary Mount Elgon ecosystem between Kenya and Uganda. Observations recorded over a two-year cycle of empirical assessments indicate that the use of compost manure is not inferior to the use of chemical fertilizers. We analyzed the data using both descriptive and statistical approaches. Additionally, we calculated the benefit-cost analysis of farm treatments based on output from the cost return utility for both growing seasons. Analyses suggest that even in years where the addition of artificial fertilizer increases yield above that generated by the addition of compost, the total yield is so low that the economic gains do not exceed the costs of adding fertilizer. We conclude that precision organic agriculture using compost as a supplement can be adopted as an alternative climate-resilient agricultural practice at reduced capital costs for maize crop production systems in good and bad rainfall years.","PeriodicalId":504744,"journal":{"name":"agriRxiv","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139274955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}