Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.4081/ilpolitico.2023.885
F. Bruni
Non disponibile.
不详。
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Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.4081/ilpolitico.2023.870
Valeria Piacentini
This article intends to focus on the contribution of Italian research to the knowledge of the Islamic world, underlining its path and evolution up to the present day in content, objectives and methodology. The Italian path has its roots in a tradition that dates back to the 16th century. Here we take ourselves back to the end of the 19th century, when studies on Islam were part of a generic discipline of Oriental Studies and Linguistics. Rather than on names and bibliographies (there would be too many - for which reference is made to the Treccani Italian Encyclopedia), we focus on the most significant 'stages', starting from the institutional configuration of Studies on Islam and Islamic Studies as autonomous disciplines: Michele Amari and the Italian Geographical Society, and therefore Leone Caetani and The Annals of Islam, the latter "forge" in which the great Islamists of the 20th century were trained: M. Guidi, C. A. Nallino, G. Levi Della Vida, F. Gabrieli. Alongside the academy and new fields of research (Turcology, Iranian studies, Arabic studies, etc.) three large institutions were added - supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs: the Institute for the Orient (later IsPO), the Institute for the Middle and Far East Oriente and the Italian Institute for Africa (still active). World War II also marked an important break in Italy, leading studies on the Arab and Islamic world to the use of new disciplines. The influence of the French Annales school and the entry of the 'social sciences' into the new methodological paths were decisive. Studies on Islam were not immune, but distanced themselves from political science and the media fascination with 'analysis' and 'scenarios', to strictly adhere to linguistic knowledge as an indispensable tool for the study and evaluation, including historical, of political, social and current cultures, in regions where very different civilizations and traditions had met, sometimes clashed and overlapped. Multidisciplinarity and 'field-work' were the instrument of this turning point in Italy. In the first years of the Third Millennium, 'sciences' and new research 'technologies' (archaeometry, physics, the drone, etc.) came together which, by supporting textual and non-textual sources, allow the 'confirmation' of those that had remained working hypothesis for a long time.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.4081/ilpolitico.2023.877
S. Gerzeli
Obiettivo del presente contributo è riportare i principali risultati sull’attrattività dei corsi di laurea magistrale dell’Università di Pavia. Le analisi condotte evidenziano molti punti di forza e numerose aree di attrattività dell’offerta accademica post-laurea dell’Ateneo. Alcuni corsi di laurea sono considerati di eccellenza, come i corsi di Laurea Magistrale in Comunicazione digitale e Biologia sperimentale e applicata, entrambi al terzo posto a livello nazionale per numero di studenti iscritti. L’analisi dei flussi indica che la mancata iscrizione ai corsi di laurea magistrale da parte dei laureati UNIPV è spesso controbilanciata dal numero di studenti in entrata da altri atenei e che gli abbandoni effettivi sono documentati solo in pochi corsi. Gli eventi di orientamento sono stati molto efficaci per i laureati interni, poiché 3 su 4 si iscrivono a corsi post-laurea. Alcuni studenti non partecipano agli eventi perché hanno già deciso di proseguire la propria carriera accademica all'interno della stessa università. Nonostante i fattori positivi sopra elencati, l’analisi ha portato alla luce alcune aree critiche, che richiedono l’individuazione e l’adozione di strategie ad hoc. Gli eventi di orientamento sono efficaci per uno studente incoming su 4 proveniente da altre università, suggerendo che ci sono ancora margini di miglioramento nel coinvolgimento di questi studenti. Inoltre, i corsi di laurea magistrale con tassi di iscrizione in calo sono spesso in forte concorrenza con Milano. In particolare, i corsi di Ingegneria competono con i Politecnici di Milano e Torino. L’utilizzo di approcci data-driven è sempre più necessario per monitorare e identificare fattori critici e di successo legati al progresso degli studenti universitari.
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Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.4081/ilpolitico.2023.873
R. Cubeddu
According to 'Austrian' Liberalism, an order could be defined as the unintentional result of individual choices with which, sometimes in unforeseen situations but supported by experience, individuals have managed to select rules of conduct aimed at reducing unintended, unexpected consequences and undesirables of human actions. In this order – which is therefore a provisional 'state' that no one in particular wanted and whose future is open to unexplored possibilities – knowledge and time play a primary role. However, not only has this type of order never existed (because the political regimes we have experienced were formed above all through acts of oppression, of power and through collective and political choices), but today it also has little chance of being realized . In fact, in situations characterized by the continuous emergence of new circumstances and scientific, technological and moral innovations, the time in which individual and social expectations are formed, modified and spread tends to increasingly diverge from that which institutions use to make choices. policies that favor or maintain a dimension of order understood as predictability of the outcomes of behaviors and choices in a non-ergodic world. Nonetheless, starting from 'Austrian' themes such as the theory of exchange, institutions, catallaxy and above all time, the author believes that a perhaps unorthodox but fruitful elaboration of a liberal theory of order is still possible.
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