Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1177/21677026241253826
I. Xu, Eliza Passell, R. W. Strong, E. Grinspoon, L. Jung, Jeremy B Wilmer, Laura T. Germine
The emotional dot-probe task is a widely used measure of attentional bias to threat. Recent work suggests, however, that subtraction-based behavioral measures of emotional dot-probe performance may not be appropriate for measuring such attentional biases because of poor reliability. In the two current studies, we systematically tested 36 versions of the emotional dot-probe task that varied in stimuli (faces, scenes, snakes/spiders), timing (stimulus onset asynchrony of 100 ms, 500 ms, 900 ms), stimulus orientation (horizontal, vertical), and trial types (e.g., threat congruent and threat incongruent). Across 9,600 participants, none of the 36 versions demonstrated internal reliability greater than zero. Reliability was similarly poor in anxious participants (based on Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 items or Brief Hypervigilance Scale). We conclude that the standard behavioral scores (difference scores based on reaction time or accuracy) derived from the emotional dot-probe task are not adequately reliable measures of attentional biases to threat in anxious or nonanxious populations.
{"title":"No Evidence of Reliability Across 36 Variations of the Emotional Dot-Probe Task in 9,600 Participants","authors":"I. Xu, Eliza Passell, R. W. Strong, E. Grinspoon, L. Jung, Jeremy B Wilmer, Laura T. Germine","doi":"10.1177/21677026241253826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241253826","url":null,"abstract":"The emotional dot-probe task is a widely used measure of attentional bias to threat. Recent work suggests, however, that subtraction-based behavioral measures of emotional dot-probe performance may not be appropriate for measuring such attentional biases because of poor reliability. In the two current studies, we systematically tested 36 versions of the emotional dot-probe task that varied in stimuli (faces, scenes, snakes/spiders), timing (stimulus onset asynchrony of 100 ms, 500 ms, 900 ms), stimulus orientation (horizontal, vertical), and trial types (e.g., threat congruent and threat incongruent). Across 9,600 participants, none of the 36 versions demonstrated internal reliability greater than zero. Reliability was similarly poor in anxious participants (based on Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 items or Brief Hypervigilance Scale). We conclude that the standard behavioral scores (difference scores based on reaction time or accuracy) derived from the emotional dot-probe task are not adequately reliable measures of attentional biases to threat in anxious or nonanxious populations.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"55 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1177/21677026241232926
William E. Pelham, Herry Patel, Jennifer A. Somers, Sarah J. Racz
Low parental monitoring is a well-established risk factor for and presumed cause of teen problem behavior. However, an integrated theory for how monitoring changes teen behavior has not been articulated. We propose a model in which parental monitoring can reduce teen misbehavior via nine mechanisms organized into behavior-management (B), context-control (C), and relationship/support-mediated (R) domains (BCR model). Parental monitoring increases the expectation and actual occurrence of punishment for misbehavior (B), enables the parent to steer the teens’ socialization contexts (peers, nonparent adults, siblings, media) away from those that encourage misbehavior (C), and strengthens the teen’s bond to parent, disclosure of information, and receipt of social support (R)—all of which in turn reduce misbehavior.
{"title":"Theory for How Parental Monitoring Changes Youth Behavior","authors":"William E. Pelham, Herry Patel, Jennifer A. Somers, Sarah J. Racz","doi":"10.1177/21677026241232926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026241232926","url":null,"abstract":"Low parental monitoring is a well-established risk factor for and presumed cause of teen problem behavior. However, an integrated theory for how monitoring changes teen behavior has not been articulated. We propose a model in which parental monitoring can reduce teen misbehavior via nine mechanisms organized into behavior-management (B), context-control (C), and relationship/support-mediated (R) domains (BCR model). Parental monitoring increases the expectation and actual occurrence of punishment for misbehavior (B), enables the parent to steer the teens’ socialization contexts (peers, nonparent adults, siblings, media) away from those that encourage misbehavior (C), and strengthens the teen’s bond to parent, disclosure of information, and receipt of social support (R)—all of which in turn reduce misbehavior.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140370808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-13DOI: 10.1177/21677026231225414
Alexander L. Williams, Christopher C. Conway, T. Olino, Wiliam Revelle, Richard M. Zinbarg
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology is a quantitative diagnostic system that is gaining traction as a framework for studying the correlates of mental-health problems. However, it remains unknown how best to operationalize hierarchically related psychopathology dimensions during criterion validity tests. In a series of simulations, we evaluated the performance of latent-variable (i.e., structural equation modeling [SEM]) and factor-score representations of hierarchical psychopathology constructs in criterion validity analyses. In models based on continuously distributed psychopathology indicators (e.g., symptom composites), SEM and factor-score methods both tended to yield unbiased estimates of criterion validity coefficients. In contrast, for models based on dichotomous indicators (e.g., categorical diagnoses), SEM led to more accurate estimates than factor scores in most cases. We offer recommendations for psychopathology researchers based on these results and provide an R function ( https://osf.io/u3j5d/ ) that investigators can use to apply the approaches studied here in real-world data sets.
精神病理学层次分类法是一种定量诊断系统，作为研究心理健康问题相关因素的框架，它正日益受到重视。然而，在标准效度测试中，如何最好地操作分层相关的精神病理学维度仍是一个未知数。在一系列模拟实验中，我们评估了潜变量（即结构方程建模 [SEM]）和因子得分表征的分层心理病理学建构在标准有效性分析中的表现。在基于连续分布的精神病理学指标（如症状组合）的模型中，SEM 和因子-分数方法都倾向于产生无偏的标准效度系数估计值。相反，对于基于二分法指标（如分类诊断）的模型，在大多数情况下，SEM 比因子得分法得出的估计结果更准确。我们根据这些结果为精神病理学研究人员提供了建议，并提供了一个 R 函数 ( https://osf.io/u3j5d/ )，研究人员可以用它将本文研究的方法应用到实际数据集中。
{"title":"Testing Criterion Validity in Hierarchical Models of Psychopathology: Comparison of Latent-Variable and Factor-Score Approaches","authors":"Alexander L. Williams, Christopher C. Conway, T. Olino, Wiliam Revelle, Richard M. Zinbarg","doi":"10.1177/21677026231225414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231225414","url":null,"abstract":"The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology is a quantitative diagnostic system that is gaining traction as a framework for studying the correlates of mental-health problems. However, it remains unknown how best to operationalize hierarchically related psychopathology dimensions during criterion validity tests. In a series of simulations, we evaluated the performance of latent-variable (i.e., structural equation modeling [SEM]) and factor-score representations of hierarchical psychopathology constructs in criterion validity analyses. In models based on continuously distributed psychopathology indicators (e.g., symptom composites), SEM and factor-score methods both tended to yield unbiased estimates of criterion validity coefficients. In contrast, for models based on dichotomous indicators (e.g., categorical diagnoses), SEM led to more accurate estimates than factor scores in most cases. We offer recommendations for psychopathology researchers based on these results and provide an R function ( https://osf.io/u3j5d/ ) that investigators can use to apply the approaches studied here in real-world data sets.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"93 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1177/21677026231218639
Michal Hajdúk, N. Sasson, Sohee Park, A. Pinkham
Paranoia, defined as the unfounded belief that others intend to cause harm, negatively affects individuals across the continuum from healthy to pathological. Despite a definition that is explicitly social, paranoia is often studied as an isolated characteristic of the person who is experiencing it. In the current review, we propose that the study of paranoia could be advanced by adopting a perspective focused on its interactional nature. Specifically, we hypothesize that aberrant dynamic interaction and/or misattunement between social partners may be a critical component in the formation and maintenance of paranoia. We also speculate that the relationship between paranoia and social functioning is bidirectional in which poor interpersonal functioning is both a result of and a contributor to paranoia. This approach may identify novel mechanisms and potential treatment targets.
{"title":"Paranoia: From Passive Social-Threat Perception to Misattunement in Social Interaction","authors":"Michal Hajdúk, N. Sasson, Sohee Park, A. Pinkham","doi":"10.1177/21677026231218639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231218639","url":null,"abstract":"Paranoia, defined as the unfounded belief that others intend to cause harm, negatively affects individuals across the continuum from healthy to pathological. Despite a definition that is explicitly social, paranoia is often studied as an isolated characteristic of the person who is experiencing it. In the current review, we propose that the study of paranoia could be advanced by adopting a perspective focused on its interactional nature. Specifically, we hypothesize that aberrant dynamic interaction and/or misattunement between social partners may be a critical component in the formation and maintenance of paranoia. We also speculate that the relationship between paranoia and social functioning is bidirectional in which poor interpersonal functioning is both a result of and a contributor to paranoia. This approach may identify novel mechanisms and potential treatment targets.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139856309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1177/21677026231218639
Michal Hajdúk, N. Sasson, Sohee Park, A. Pinkham
Paranoia, defined as the unfounded belief that others intend to cause harm, negatively affects individuals across the continuum from healthy to pathological. Despite a definition that is explicitly social, paranoia is often studied as an isolated characteristic of the person who is experiencing it. In the current review, we propose that the study of paranoia could be advanced by adopting a perspective focused on its interactional nature. Specifically, we hypothesize that aberrant dynamic interaction and/or misattunement between social partners may be a critical component in the formation and maintenance of paranoia. We also speculate that the relationship between paranoia and social functioning is bidirectional in which poor interpersonal functioning is both a result of and a contributor to paranoia. This approach may identify novel mechanisms and potential treatment targets.
{"title":"Paranoia: From Passive Social-Threat Perception to Misattunement in Social Interaction","authors":"Michal Hajdúk, N. Sasson, Sohee Park, A. Pinkham","doi":"10.1177/21677026231218639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231218639","url":null,"abstract":"Paranoia, defined as the unfounded belief that others intend to cause harm, negatively affects individuals across the continuum from healthy to pathological. Despite a definition that is explicitly social, paranoia is often studied as an isolated characteristic of the person who is experiencing it. In the current review, we propose that the study of paranoia could be advanced by adopting a perspective focused on its interactional nature. Specifically, we hypothesize that aberrant dynamic interaction and/or misattunement between social partners may be a critical component in the formation and maintenance of paranoia. We also speculate that the relationship between paranoia and social functioning is bidirectional in which poor interpersonal functioning is both a result of and a contributor to paranoia. This approach may identify novel mechanisms and potential treatment targets.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"1 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139796319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.1177/21677026231214204
J. Salvatore, H. Ohlsson, J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist, K. Kendler
We used Swedish national-register data ( N = 2,828,777) to examine divorce and its associated patterns of family genetic-risk scores (FGRSs; personalized measures of genetic risk inferred from diagnoses in relatives) across 10 psychiatric disorders: major depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Individuals who divorced had elevated FGRSs across all disorders compared with individuals who were stably married or never married. FGRSs for all disorders were higher among divorced females compared with divorced males and among individuals who did not go on to have a stable second marriage compared with individuals who had a stable second marriage and increased as the cumulative number of divorces increased. In summary, genetic predispositions for psychiatric disorders are associated with the propensity to divorce and with several differences as a function of sex, remarriage, and the cumulative number of divorce transitions.
{"title":"Family Genetic-Risk Profiles Associated With Divorce","authors":"J. Salvatore, H. Ohlsson, J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist, K. Kendler","doi":"10.1177/21677026231214204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231214204","url":null,"abstract":"We used Swedish national-register data ( N = 2,828,777) to examine divorce and its associated patterns of family genetic-risk scores (FGRSs; personalized measures of genetic risk inferred from diagnoses in relatives) across 10 psychiatric disorders: major depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Individuals who divorced had elevated FGRSs across all disorders compared with individuals who were stably married or never married. FGRSs for all disorders were higher among divorced females compared with divorced males and among individuals who did not go on to have a stable second marriage compared with individuals who had a stable second marriage and increased as the cumulative number of divorces increased. In summary, genetic predispositions for psychiatric disorders are associated with the propensity to divorce and with several differences as a function of sex, remarriage, and the cumulative number of divorce transitions.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139866186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-04DOI: 10.1177/21677026231214204
J. Salvatore, H. Ohlsson, J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist, K. Kendler
We used Swedish national-register data ( N = 2,828,777) to examine divorce and its associated patterns of family genetic-risk scores (FGRSs; personalized measures of genetic risk inferred from diagnoses in relatives) across 10 psychiatric disorders: major depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Individuals who divorced had elevated FGRSs across all disorders compared with individuals who were stably married or never married. FGRSs for all disorders were higher among divorced females compared with divorced males and among individuals who did not go on to have a stable second marriage compared with individuals who had a stable second marriage and increased as the cumulative number of divorces increased. In summary, genetic predispositions for psychiatric disorders are associated with the propensity to divorce and with several differences as a function of sex, remarriage, and the cumulative number of divorce transitions.
{"title":"Family Genetic-Risk Profiles Associated With Divorce","authors":"J. Salvatore, H. Ohlsson, J. Sundquist, K. Sundquist, K. Kendler","doi":"10.1177/21677026231214204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231214204","url":null,"abstract":"We used Swedish national-register data ( N = 2,828,777) to examine divorce and its associated patterns of family genetic-risk scores (FGRSs; personalized measures of genetic risk inferred from diagnoses in relatives) across 10 psychiatric disorders: major depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Individuals who divorced had elevated FGRSs across all disorders compared with individuals who were stably married or never married. FGRSs for all disorders were higher among divorced females compared with divorced males and among individuals who did not go on to have a stable second marriage compared with individuals who had a stable second marriage and increased as the cumulative number of divorces increased. In summary, genetic predispositions for psychiatric disorders are associated with the propensity to divorce and with several differences as a function of sex, remarriage, and the cumulative number of divorce transitions.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139806519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1177/21677026231213368
Vanessa M. Brown, Jacob Lee, John Wang, Brooks Casas, Pearl H. Chiu
Algorithmically defined aspects of reinforcement learning correlate with psychopathology symptoms and change with symptom improvement following cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Separate work in nonclinical samples has shown that varying the structure and statistics of task environments can change learning. Here, we combine these literatures, drawing on CBT-based guided restructuring of thought processes and computationally defined mechanistic targets identified by reinforcement-learning models in depression, to test whether and how verbal queries affect learning processes. Using a parallel-arm design, we tested 1,299 online participants completing a probabilistic reward-learning task while receiving repeated queries about the task environment (11 learning-query arms and one active control arm). Querying participants about reinforcement-learning-related task components altered computational-model-defined learning parameters in directions specific to the target of the query. These effects on learning parameters were consistent across depression-symptom severity, suggesting new learning-based strategies and therapeutic targets for evoking symptom change in mood psychopathology.
{"title":"Reinforcement-Learning-Informed Queries Guide Behavioral Change","authors":"Vanessa M. Brown, Jacob Lee, John Wang, Brooks Casas, Pearl H. Chiu","doi":"10.1177/21677026231213368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231213368","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithmically defined aspects of reinforcement learning correlate with psychopathology symptoms and change with symptom improvement following cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Separate work in nonclinical samples has shown that varying the structure and statistics of task environments can change learning. Here, we combine these literatures, drawing on CBT-based guided restructuring of thought processes and computationally defined mechanistic targets identified by reinforcement-learning models in depression, to test whether and how verbal queries affect learning processes. Using a parallel-arm design, we tested 1,299 online participants completing a probabilistic reward-learning task while receiving repeated queries about the task environment (11 learning-query arms and one active control arm). Querying participants about reinforcement-learning-related task components altered computational-model-defined learning parameters in directions specific to the target of the query. These effects on learning parameters were consistent across depression-symptom severity, suggesting new learning-based strategies and therapeutic targets for evoking symptom change in mood psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"27 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139599238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-23DOI: 10.1177/21677026231220846
Leigh Parker, Gogem Topcu, Danielle De Boos, Clare Bale, R. das Nair
In this photovoice study, we explored how people with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience living with and managing invisible symptoms in daily life. Twelve people with MS produced digital images over a 2-week period to capture their experiences of invisible symptoms. Participants then discussed their images in semistructured interviews. We thematically analyzed the interviews and developed three main themes that encompass the difficulties around conceptualizing invisible symptoms and the conflicts of legitimacy this presents for people with MS, in which the reality of their invisible symptoms is invalidated by others and sometimes for themselves. Participants navigated these issues in dynamic ways, choosing to fit their symptoms to their lives or make space for their symptoms depending on the context, often influenced by a desire to “stay invisible” or to “be seen.” We highlight clinical implications for supporting people with MS around the legitimacy conflicts they experience and how they negotiate living with invisible symptoms.
{"title":"Seeing the Invisible: A Photovoice Exploration of Living With and Managing the Invisible Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Leigh Parker, Gogem Topcu, Danielle De Boos, Clare Bale, R. das Nair","doi":"10.1177/21677026231220846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231220846","url":null,"abstract":"In this photovoice study, we explored how people with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience living with and managing invisible symptoms in daily life. Twelve people with MS produced digital images over a 2-week period to capture their experiences of invisible symptoms. Participants then discussed their images in semistructured interviews. We thematically analyzed the interviews and developed three main themes that encompass the difficulties around conceptualizing invisible symptoms and the conflicts of legitimacy this presents for people with MS, in which the reality of their invisible symptoms is invalidated by others and sometimes for themselves. Participants navigated these issues in dynamic ways, choosing to fit their symptoms to their lives or make space for their symptoms depending on the context, often influenced by a desire to “stay invisible” or to “be seen.” We highlight clinical implications for supporting people with MS around the legitimacy conflicts they experience and how they negotiate living with invisible symptoms.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"120 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139605610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1177/21677026231220337
G. Brennan, T. Moffitt, Kyle J. Bourassa, H. Harrington, Sean Hogan, R. Houts, R. Poulton, S. Ramrakha, A. Caspi
Adversity that exhibits continuity across the life course has long-term detrimental effects on physical and mental health. Using 920 participants from the Dunedin Study, we tested the following hypotheses: (a) Children (ages 3–15) who experienced adversity would also tend to experience adversity in adulthood (ages 32–45), and (2) interim personality traits in young adulthood (ages 18–26) would help account for this longitudinal association. Children who experienced more adversity tended to also experience more stressful life events as adults, β = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.04, 0.18], p = .002. Negative emotionality—particularly its subfacet alienation, characterized by mistrust of others—helped explain this childhood-to-midlife association (indirect effect: β = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.04, 0.09], p < .001). Results were robust to adjustment for sex, socioeconomic origins, childhood IQ, preschool temperament, and other young-adult personality traits. Prevention of early life adversity and treatment of young-adult negative emotionality may reduce vulnerability to later life stress and thereby promote the health of aging adults.
{"title":"The Continuity of Adversity: Negative Emotionality Links Early Life Adversity With Adult Stressful Life Events","authors":"G. Brennan, T. Moffitt, Kyle J. Bourassa, H. Harrington, Sean Hogan, R. Houts, R. Poulton, S. Ramrakha, A. Caspi","doi":"10.1177/21677026231220337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026231220337","url":null,"abstract":"Adversity that exhibits continuity across the life course has long-term detrimental effects on physical and mental health. Using 920 participants from the Dunedin Study, we tested the following hypotheses: (a) Children (ages 3–15) who experienced adversity would also tend to experience adversity in adulthood (ages 32–45), and (2) interim personality traits in young adulthood (ages 18–26) would help account for this longitudinal association. Children who experienced more adversity tended to also experience more stressful life events as adults, β = 0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.04, 0.18], p = .002. Negative emotionality—particularly its subfacet alienation, characterized by mistrust of others—helped explain this childhood-to-midlife association (indirect effect: β = 0.06, 95% CI = [0.04, 0.09], p < .001). Results were robust to adjustment for sex, socioeconomic origins, childhood IQ, preschool temperament, and other young-adult personality traits. Prevention of early life adversity and treatment of young-adult negative emotionality may reduce vulnerability to later life stress and thereby promote the health of aging adults.","PeriodicalId":505170,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychological Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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